Phosphorus Budget for a Forested-Agricultural Watershed in Korea

Despite increased attention to the need for sustainable agriculture, fertilizer application rates above crop requirements remain common agricultural practices in South Korea, causing eutrophication of freshwater and coastal ecosystems. The aim of this study is to quantify phosphorus (P) inputs, outputs, and retention in a forested-agricultural watershed. The P budget showed that the combined use of chemical fertilizer and organic compost was the largest source of P (97.6% of the total) followed by atmospheric wet deposition (2.1% of the total P), whereas forest export (0.2% of the total) and sewage treatment plants (STPs) (0.1% of the total) were negligible. The P outputs were crop harvesting and hydrologic export to surface water. The P balance showed that P inputs are higher than the P outputs; approximately 87% of the total P input was retained in the soils within the watershed. However, P concentrations in drainage water were still high enough to cause eutrophication of downstream reservoirs. The results provide important details on the proportion of P export and retention in the watershed. This will help efforts to improve water quality and design better management strategies for agricultural nonpoint source pollution.

Download Full-text

Phosphorus Budget for a Forested-Agricultural Watershed Influenced by East-Asian Summer Monsoon

10.20944/preprints201811.0521.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Arif Reza ◽

Jaesung Eum ◽

Sungmin Jung ◽

Youngsoon Choi ◽

Changwon Jang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Asian Summer Monsoon ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Drainage Water ◽

Agricultural Watershed ◽

Compost Application ◽

Asian Summer ◽

P Balance ◽

P Budget ◽

Total P

Despite increased awareness of and attention to the need for sustainable agriculture, fertilizers and compost application in excess of crop requirements remain common agricultural practices in South Korea, causing eutrophication of freshwater and coastal ecosystems. In this study, a phosphorus (P) budget was developed to quantify P inputs, outputs, and retention in a forested- agricultural watershed. The P budget showed that chemical fertilizers and organic compost were the largest source of P (97.6% of the total) followed by atmospheric deposition (2.1% of the total P), whereas forest export (0.2% of the total) and sewage treatment plants (STPs) (0.1% of the total) were negligible. The dominant P outputs were crop harvesting and hydrologic export to surface water. The P balance showed a significant accumulation of P in the watershed; approximately 87% of the total P input was retained in the soils within the watershed. However, P concentrations in drainage water were still high enough to cause eutrophication of downstream reservoirs. The results provide useful information on the proportion of P export and retention in soils and will help support efforts to improve water quality and design better management of agricultural non-point source pollution.

Download Full-text

Bioavailability of phosphorus as a tool for efficient P reduction schemes

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1998.0217 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 241-247 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Peter Gerdes ◽

Sabine Kunst

Keyword(s):

Sewage Treatment ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Effective Management ◽

Lower Saxony ◽

Effective Strategies ◽

P Balance ◽

Different Sources ◽

Total P ◽

P Sources ◽

P Bioavailability

The bioavailability of phosphorus from different sources has been evaluated in the catchment area of the River Ilmenau (Lower-Saxony, Germany) by using algal assays. The P bioavailability describes the different potential of P from various sources of supporting eutrophication. Effluents from sewage treatment plants were highly bioavailable (72% of TP) whereas rainwater (26%) and erosion effluents (30%) showed a low bioavailability. In order to develop effective strategies to minimize P inputs into the river, source specific P bioavailability indices were determined and combined with a P balance to calculate inputs of vioavailable P (BAP) instead of total P (TP). It could be shown that the relative importance of the different P sources changes when applying BAP. Measures to reduce P inputs into the River Ilmenau will take P bioavailability into consideration and therefore lead to a more cost-effective management.

Download Full-text

Significant soil degradation is associated with intensive vegetable cropping in subtropical area: A case study in southwest China

10.5194/soil-2021-17 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ming Lu ◽

David S. Powlson ◽

Yi Liang ◽

Zhi Yao ◽

Dave R. Chadwick ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Degradation ◽

Southwest China ◽

Crop Residues ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Nutrient Status ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Clear Trend ◽

Soil C

Abstract. Within the context of sustainable development, soil degradation driven by land-use change is considered a serious global problem but conversion from growing cereals to vegetables is a change that has received little attention, especially in subtropical regions. Therefore, we compared the nutrient status and soil quality parameters (soil organic carbon [SOC], total nitrogen [TN], C / N ratio, pH, phosphorus [P], potassium [K], calcium [Ca], and magnesium [Mg]) between vegetable fields (VF) and land still used for paddy rice-oilseed rape rotation (PRF) that are typical of southwest China. In the VF, fertilizer application were often several times higher than the crop needs or recommended by the local extension service, thus, the crop use efficiency of N, P, K, Ca, Mg were only 26 %, 8 %, 56 %, 23 % and 28 %, respectively; SOC, C stock, TN, N stock decreased significantly caused by low organic inputs from crop residues and high tillage frequency, and soil C/N ratio decreased slightly; available P (AP) in topsoil increased by 1.92 mg kg−1 for every 100 kg ha−1 of surplus P, and the critical levels of AP and CaCl2-soluble P for P leaching were 104 and 0.80 mg P kg−1. Besides, there was a clear trend of soil acidification in the VF. However, increasing concentrations of soil Ca and Mg significantly alleviated topsoil acidification, with the effect increasing over time. Given our findings, we discuss the potential benefits of conservation agricultural practices, integrated soil-crop system management strategies and agricultural technology services for recovering the degraded soil and improving the vegetable productivity in the VF.

Download Full-text

Response of Cacao Seedlings to Fertilizer

10.24047/bc102420 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 102 (4) ◽

pp. 20-23

Author(s):

Thomas Oberthür ◽

Marianne Samson ◽

Noel Janetski ◽

Kate Janetski ◽

Myles Fisher

Keyword(s):

Seedling Growth ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Agronomic Performance ◽

Good Agricultural Practices ◽

Application Rates

Researchers combined a suite of good agricultural practices with fertilizer application. Modest amounts of fertilizer applied to cacao seedlings in the nursery increased seedling growth and nutrient concentrations. There were no significant responses if fertilizer application rates were doubled. Results find it likely that adequate and well-timed supplies of fertilizer nutrients in the nursery will translate into better long-term agronomic performance in farmers’ fields.

Download Full-text

Predicting nitrogen fertilizer requirements for corn by chlorophyll meter under different N availability conditions

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/s04-005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 85 (1) ◽

pp. 149-159 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

M. T. Rashid ◽

Paul Voroney ◽

G. Parkin

Keyword(s):

Management Strategies ◽

Crop Management ◽

Inverse Correlation ◽

Accurate Method ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

N Availability ◽

Corn Hybrids ◽

Chlorophyll Meter ◽

Application Rates

Nitrogen management strategies that enhance fertilizer use efficiency and maximize profitability in corn require a rapid and accurate method to determine the crop N needs of current hybrids. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of a portable chlorophyll meter for predicting N fertilizer requirements for corn grown under varying levels of N availability. Several crop management treatments were imposed in an attempt to create conditions ranging from low N availability (oily food waste application in spring and fall, application at different rates in spring) to high N availability (continuous fertilized corn, winter wheat cover crop). Different corn hybrids were sown at different sites (21 site yr) and varying N fertilizer application rates were applied. Chlorophyll meter readings (CMR) were taken at the 5th to 6th leaf stage (V6) using a SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter. The crop management treatments, corn hybrids and their interaction significantly affected the chlorophyll meter readings. A high inverse correlation between chlorophyll meter readings and maximum economic rate of nitrogen (MERN) was observed (r = −0.87). The main new and unique aspect of our research is the development of a linear model for using chlorophyll meter measurements to make N fertilizer recommendations (MERN = 348.47 − 8.5304 × CMR ) for corn production under varying degrees of N availability in Southern Ontario. Key words: Chlorophyll meter, soil organic carbon, nitrogen application

Download Full-text

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ КАПЕЛЬНОГО ОРОШЕНИЯ В НЕЧЕРНОЗЕМНОЙ ЗОНЕ

НАУЧНО-МЕТОДИЧЕСКОЕ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ РАЗВИТИЯ МЕЛИОРАТИВНО-ВОДОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОГО КОМПЛЕКСА ◽

10.37738/vniigim.2020.96.87.016 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 6

Author(s):

L.V. Kudryavtseva

Keyword(s):

Polymer Film ◽

Drip Irrigation ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Drainage Water ◽

Potato Tubers ◽

Application Rates ◽

Effective Drainage ◽

Mulching Films ◽

Drainage Waters

В статье описывается влияние норм внесения удобрений на содержание NPK в дренажных водах. Дренажные воды накапливают в прудах и используют на орошение. Наиболее экономно дренажные воды используются при капельном орошении. Эффективность капельного орошения возрастает при сочетании его с мульчированием полимерной пленкой В статье показано как влияет мульчирование картофеля на его урожайность. Рассмотрены различные виды мульчирующих пленок. Описана система капельного орошения картофеля в сочетании с мульчированием мембранной пленкой, разработанная в нашем институте. Применение мембранной пленки обеспечивает возможность поддержания в гребне борозды благоприятного водно-воздушного режима. Этот экран при выпадении осадков позволяет отводить дождевую воду от гребня и предотвратить переувлажнение почвы в зоне расположения клубней и предотвратить их загнивание.The article describes an impact of fertilizer application rates on the NPK content in drainage waters. Drainage water is collected in ponds and used for irrigation. Most economically effective drainage water is used for drip irrigation. The efficiency of drip irrigation increases when it is combined with mulching with a polymer film. The article shows how the mulching of potatoes affects its productivity. Various types of mulching films are presented. A system of drip irrigation of potatoes combined with mulching with a membrane film, which was developed at our institute, is described in the article in detail. The use of a membrane film makes it possible to maintain a favorable water-air regime in the crest of the furrow. This screen during precipitation allows to divert rainwater from the ridge and prevent waterlogging of the soil in the area of the potato tubers and prevent their decay.

Download Full-text

Rapid Detection of Urea Fertilizer Effects on VOC Emissions from Cucumber Fruits Using a MOS E-Nose Sensor Array

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy12010035 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 35

Author(s):

Sana Tatli ◽

Esmaeil Mirzaee-Ghaleh ◽

Hekmat Rabbani ◽

Hamed Karami ◽

Alphus Dan Wilson

Keyword(s):

Sensor Array ◽

Agricultural Soils ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽

Support Vector ◽

Voc Emissions ◽

Urea Fertilizer ◽

Application Rates ◽

Vector Machines

The widespread use of nitrogen chemical fertilizers in modern agricultural practices has raised concerns over hazardous accumulations of nitrogen-based compounds in crop foods and in agricultural soils due to nitrogen overfertilization. Many vegetables accumulate and retain large amounts of nitrites and nitrates due to repeated nitrogen applications or excess use of nitrogen fertilizers. Consequently, the consumption of high-nitrate crop foods may cause health risks to humans. The effects of varying urea–nitrogen fertilizer application rates on VOC emissions from cucumber fruits were investigated using an experimental MOS electronic-nose (e-nose) device based on differences in sensor-array responses to volatile emissions from fruits, recorded following different urea fertilizer treatments. Urea fertilizer was applied to cucumber plants at treatment rates equivalent to 0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 kg/ha. Cucumber fruits were then harvested twice, 4 and 5 months after seed planting, and evaluated for VOC emissions using an e-nose technology to assess differences in smellprint signatures associated with different urea application rates. The electrical signals from the e-nose sensor array data outputs were subjected to four aroma classification methods, including: linear and quadratic discriminant analysis (LDA-QDA), support vector machines (SVM), and artificial neural networks (ANN). The results suggest that combining the MOS e-nose technology with QDA is a promising method for rapidly monitoring urea fertilizer application rates applied to cucumber plants based on changes in VOC emissions from cucumber fruits. This new monitoring tool could be useful in adjusting future urea fertilizer application rates to help prevent nitrogen overfertilization.

Download Full-text

Potassium Fertilizer Effects of Potato Yield and Petiole Sap Potassium Concentrations

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.31.4.592e ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 592e-592 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Carl Rosen ◽

Wenshan Wang ◽

David Birong

Keyword(s):

Management Strategies ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Potassium Nitrate ◽

Potassium Fertilizer ◽

Application Rates ◽

Flame Emission ◽

K Fertilizer ◽

Effect On Yield ◽

Petiole Sap

A 2-year field study was conducted on a low- to medium-K testing sandy soil 1) to evaluate the effects of various K management strategies on potato (cv. Russet Burbank) yield and quality and 2) to calibrate a petiole sap test for determining plant K status. Treatments included banded applications of potassium chloride fertilizer at planting with K ranging from 0 to 300 kg·ha–1 in 75 kg·ha–1 increments. Comparisons of preplant broadcast + banded applications and evaluation of in-season applications of potassium nitrate also were made. In both years, tuber yield increased with increasing banded K fertilizer up to 150 kg ha-1 K the first year and 225 kg ha-1 K the second year. In-season applications of potassium nitrate increased tissue K levels, but at equivalent K application rates, timing of K application had no effect on yield. Petiole K concentrations, measured on a dry weight and sap basis, increased with increasing K fertilizer application. Potassium concentrations in nondiluted sap determined with the Cardy K electrode were ≈200 to 2500 ppm lower than those determined by flame emission. The greatest discrepancy occurred at the higher K sap concentrations. Potassium concentrations determined with the Cardy electrode in sap diluted with aluminum sulfate or deionized water were much closer to those determined by flame emission. These results suggest that dilution of the sap is necessary to obtain accurate K concentrations in petiole sap.

Download Full-text

A Decision Support Tool for Wastewater Catchment Management

Water Practice & Technology ◽

10.2166/wpt.2007.029 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

S.E. Walters ◽

D. Savic ◽

R.J. Hocking

Keyword(s):

Decision Support ◽

Asset Management ◽

Capital Investment ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Decision Support Tool ◽

Catchment Management ◽

Clean Water ◽

Support Tool ◽

South West

The water industry over the years has primarily focussed on upgrading and investing in clean water provision. However, as research into the science and management of clean water services has progressed rapidly, wastewater provision and services has been slower. Focus, though, is now shifting within Industry and Research into wastewater services. The water regulator, Ofwat, for England and Wales demands the Sewerage Undertakers demonstrate efficient management of wastewater systems in order to obtain funding for Capital Investment projects. South West Water, a Water Service Provider and Sewerage Undertaker located in the South West of England, identified a need gap in their asset management strategies for wastewater catchments. This paper will introduce the production of a Decision Support Tool, DST, to help SWW proactively manage their Wastewater Catchments, examining Sewage Treatment Works, Pumping Stations and Networks. The paper will discuss some concepts within the DST, its production, testing and a brief case study. The DST provides a framework for prioritising catchments to optimise investment choices and actions. The Tool ranks catchments utilising Compromise Programming, CP, as well as AHP Pair-wise comparisons for preference weights. The DST incorporates Asset models, a Whole life Costing Module, as well as a Decay and Intervention Module.

Download Full-text

Application of Nematode Community Analyses-Based Models towards Identifying Sustainable Soil Health Management Outcomes: A Review of the Concepts

Soil Systems ◽

10.3390/soilsystems5020032 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 32

Author(s):

Haddish Melakeberhan ◽

Gregory Bonito ◽

Alexandra N. Kravchenko

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Cycling ◽

Health Management ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Soil Health ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Nematode Community ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Worst Case ◽

Pests And Diseases ◽

Water Holding

Soil health connotes the balance of biological, physicochemical, nutritional, structural, and water-holding components necessary to sustain plant productivity. Despite a substantial knowledge base, achieving sustainable soil health remains a goal because it is difficult to simultaneously: (i) improve soil structure, physicochemistry, water-holding capacity, and nutrient cycling; (ii) suppress pests and diseases while increasing beneficial organisms; and (iii) improve biological functioning leading to improved biomass/crop yield. The objectives of this review are (a) to identify agricultural practices (APs) driving soil health degradations and barriers to developing sustainable soil health, and (b) to describe how the nematode community analyses-based soil food web (SFW) and fertilizer use efficiency (FUE) data visualization models can be used towards developing sustainable soil health. The SFW model considers changes in beneficial nematode population dynamics relative to food and reproduction (enrichment index, EI; y-axis) and resistance to disturbance (structure index, SI; x-axis) in order to identify best-to-worst case scenarios for nutrient cycling and agroecosystem suitability of AP-driven outcomes. The FUE model visualizes associations between beneficial and plant-parasitic nematodes (x-axis) and ecosystem services (e.g., yield or nutrients, y-axis). The x-y relationship identifies best-to-worst case scenarios of the outcomes for sustainability. Both models can serve as platforms towards developing integrated and sustainable soil health management strategies on a location-specific or a one-size-fits-all basis. Future improvements for increased implementation of these models are discussed.

Download Full-text