scholarly journals Molecular Analyses of Fecal Bacteria and Hydrodynamic Modeling for Microbial Risk Assessment of a Drinking Water Source

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Olga D. Chuquimia ◽  
Viktor Bergion ◽  
Jessica Guzman-Otazo ◽  
Kaisa Sörén ◽  
Lars Rosén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Hydrodynamic Modeling ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

Safe water is a global concern, and methods to accurately monitor quality of water are vital. To assess the risks related to bacterial pathogen load in Lake Vomb that provides drinking water to the southern part of Sweden, this study combined molecular analyses of enterobacteria and bacterial pathogens in water using quantitiative real-time PCR with hydrodynamic modeling and quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA). A real-time PCR assay to detect enterobacteria was set up by primers targeting ssrA. Between February 2015 and May 2016, presence of ssrA gene copies as well as Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., and EHEC O157 DNA was analyzed by real-time PCR at several locations in the catchment of Lake Vomb and its tributaries Björkaån, Borstbäcken, and Torpsbäcken. Björkaån had the highest detected concentrations of the ssrA gene and, according to the results of hydrodynamic modeling, contributed most to the contamination of the water intake in the lake. None of the water samples were positive for genes encoding EHEC O157 and Campylobacter spp., while invA (Salmonella spp.) was present in 11 samples. The QMRA showed that the suggested acceptable risk level (daily probability of infection <2.7 × 10−7) is achieved with a 95% probability, if the Salmonella concentrations in the water intake are below 101 bacteria/100 mL. If a UV-disinfection step is installed, the Salmonella concentration at the water intake should not exceed 106 bacteria/100 mL.

scholarly journals Enumeration of Salmonella Bacteria in Food and Feed Samples by Real-Time PCR for Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 1299-1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burkhard Malorny ◽  
Charlotta Löfström ◽  
Martin Wagner ◽  
Nadine Krämer ◽  
Jeffrey Hoorfar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Feed Samples

Quantitative microbial risk assessment of Salmonella and Enterococcus in Marina Reservoir and catchments

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Goh ◽  
H. M. Fang ◽  
S. Y. Chang ◽  
Karina Y. H. Gin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk ◽  
Simulation Techniques ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Microbial Risks

This study assesses the infection risks associated with non-swimming recreational activities in Marina Reservoir, Singapore. Apart from serving as a reservoir for potable water use, Marina Reservoir is also a place where various water recreations are carried out. Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) was applied to Marina Reservoir and its four main feeders. QMRA was performed based on the occurrence data of the potential pathogen, Salmonella spp. and bacteria indicator, Enterococcus spp. through Monte Carlo simulation techniques. The results suggest that microbial risks from Salmonella and Enterococcus at the reservoir were below the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) acceptable freshwater recreational illness rate of 0.8%. All upstream catchments showed acceptable microbial risks from Salmonella. However, the probability of gastrointestinal illness risks calculated for Enterococcus exceeded the USEPA guideline values in one of the upstream catchments, but far enough upstream from recreational areas that are used frequently.

scholarly journals Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment of Drinking Water Quality to Predict the Risk of Waterborne Diseases in Primary-School Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamil Ahmed ◽  
Li Ping Wong ◽  
Yan Piaw Chua ◽  
Najeebullah Channa ◽  
Rasool Bux Mahar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Waterborne Diseases ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk

Primary-school children in low- and middle-income countries are often deprived of microbiologically safe water and sanitation, often resulting in a high prevalence of gastrointestinal diseases and poor school performance. We used Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) to predict the probability of infection in schoolchildren due to consumption of unsafe school water. A multistage random-sampling technique was used to randomly select 425 primary schools from ten districts of Sindh, Pakistan, to produce a representative sample of the province. We characterized water supplies in selected schools. Microbiological testing of water resulted in inputs for the QMRA model, to estimate the risks of infections to schoolchildren. Groundwater (62%) and surface water (38%) were identified as two major sources of drinking water in the selected schools, presenting varying degrees of health risks. Around half of the drinking-water samples were contaminated with Escherichia coli (49%), Shigella spp. (63%), Salmonella spp. (53%), and Vibrio cholerae (49%). Southern Sindh was found to have the highest risk of infection and illness from Campylobacter and Rotavirus. Central and Northern Sindh had a comparatively lower risk of waterborne diseases. Schoolchildren of Karachi were estimated to have the highest probability of illness per year, due to Campylobacter (70%) and Rotavirus (22.6%). Pearson correlation was run to assess the relationship between selected pathogens. V. cholerae was correlated with Salmonella spp., Campylobacter, Rotavirus, and Salmonella spp. Overall, the risk of illness due to the bacterial infection (E. coli, Salmonella spp., V. cholerae, Shigella, and Campylobacter) was high. There is a dire need for management plans in the schools of Sindh, to halt the progression of waterborne diseases in school-going children.

Microbiological Risk from Minimally Processed Packaged Salads in the Dutch Food Chain

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNEMARIE PIELAAT ◽  
FRANS M. van LEUSDEN ◽  
LUCAS M. WIJNANDS
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Human Illness ◽  
Campylobacter Spp ◽  
Microbiological Surveillance

The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbial hazard associated with the consumption of mixed salads produced under standard conditions. The presence of Salmonella, Campylobacter spp., and Escherichia coli O157 in the Dutch production chain of mixed salads was determined. Microbial prevalence and concentration data from a microbiological surveillance study were used as inputs for the quantitative microbial risk assessment. Chain logistics, production figures, and consumption patterns were combined with the survey data for the risk assessment chain approach. The results of the sample analysis were used to track events from contamination through human illness. Wide 95% confidence intervals around the mean were found for estimated annual numbers of illnesses resulting from the consumption of mixed salads contaminated with Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 (0 to 10,300 cases), Campylobacter spp. (0 to 92,000 cases), or E. coli (0 to 800 cases). The main sources of uncertainty are the lack of decontamination data (i.e., produce washing during processing) and an appropriate dose-response relationship.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Beef Meat Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment Models

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Tesson ◽  
Michel Federighi ◽  
Enda Cummins ◽  
Juliana de Oliveira Mota ◽  
Sandrine Guillou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk ◽  
Beef Meat ◽  
Risk Assessment Models ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Meta Analyses

Each year in Europe, meat is associated with 2.3 million foodborne illnesses, with a high contribution from beef meat. Many of these illnesses are attributed to pathogenic bacterial contamination and inadequate operations leading to growth and/or insufficient inactivation occurring along the whole farm-to-fork chain. To ensure consumer health, decision-making processes in food safety rely on Quantitative Microbiological Risk Assessment (QMRA) with many applications in recent decades. The present study aims to conduct a critical analysis of beef QMRAs and to identify future challenges. A systematic approach, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, was used to collate beef QMRA models, identify steps of the farm-to-fork chain considered, and analyze inputs and outputs included as well as modelling methods. A total of 2343 articles were collected and 67 were selected. These studies focused mainly on western countries and considered Escherichia coli (EHEC) and Salmonella spp. pathogens. Future challenges were identified and included the need of whole-chain assessments, centralization of data collection processes, and improvement of model interoperability through harmonization. The present analysis can serve as a source of data and information to inform QMRA framework for beef meat and will help the scientific community and food safety authorities to identify specific monitoring and research needs.

scholarly journals Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment for Campylobacter spp. on Ham in Korea

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 674-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeeyeon Lee ◽  
Jimyeong Ha ◽  
Sejeong Kim ◽  
Heeyoung Lee ◽  
Soomin Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

scholarly journals Microbial risk assessment of ready-to-eat fast foods from different street-vended restaurants

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Abdullah Al Momen Sabuj ◽  
Zobayda Farzana Haque ◽  
Md. Iftekhar Younus ◽  
Amrita Pondit ◽  
Nanda Barua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Foodborne Disease ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Fast Foods ◽  
Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Aim: Microbiological risk analysis of ready-to-eat fast foods for sale on the campus of Bangladesh Agricultural University was undertaken to understand the contribution of such foods to foodborne disease. Materials and Methods: From each of 10 randomly selected fast food outlets, a total of 120 samples of six food items were collected to assess common microbial load. In parallel, vendors were asked about their food production and selling practices, while consumers (n=200) were asked about their consumption of fast foods and whether they had experienced symptoms of foodborne disease. Results: Aerobic plate count (APC) varied from 6.92 to 7.24 log colony-forming unit (cfu)/g, Staphylococcus spp. 4.67 to 5.15 log cfu/g, Salmonella spp. 3.67 to 4.22 log cfu/g, and Escherichia coli 4.10 to 4.58 log cfu/g. Microbial risk assessment of Staphylococcus spp., Salmonella spp., and E. coli for daily, weekly, or monthly consumption was estimated by Monte Carlo simulation (10,000 iterations). The consumer survey showed 57% chance of being infected by ready-to-eat fast food samples. The calculated mean annual risks of Staphylococcus spp., Salmonella spp., and E. coli infection were about 100% in all cases. Conclusion: Thus, the study revealed high risk of infection associated with the consumption of ready-to-eat fast foods.

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