Techno-Economic Analysis of RO Desalination of Produced Water for Beneficial Reuse in California

There is approximately 508.7 million cubic meters (3.2 million barrels) of oilfield-produced water generated per year across the oil fields of California. While less than 2% of this produced water receives advanced treatment for beneficial reuse, changing regulations and increasing scarcity of freshwater resources is expected to increase the demand for beneficial reuse. This paper reviews onshore-produced water quality across California, relevant standards and treatment objectives for beneficial reuse, identifies contaminants of concern, and treatment process design considerations. Lastly, we evaluate the capital and operating costs of an integrated membrane system for treating produced water based on data from a field pilot conducted in the coastal region of California.

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Research of Water Quality in Typical Low Permeability Oilfield Produced Water Treatment

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.867 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 556-562 ◽

pp. 867-871

Author(s):

Qiu Shi Zhao

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Oil Recovery ◽

Treatment Process ◽

Produced Water ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Oil Fields ◽

Water Separation ◽

Oil Water Separation ◽

Oilfield Produced Water ◽

Oil Water

It is significative to study sewage treatment process in low permeable oil fields. It could enhance the oil recovery. The water quality characteristics and oil/water separation characteristics were researched during different period process by GC-MS. It shows that there are about 108 kinds of organic matters, including 45 kinds of aliphatic hydrocarbon, 7 kinds of aine, 5 kinds of sulfocompound and 9 kinds of hexacyclic compounds, such as Benzene, phenol, naphthalene and anthracene. The percent of oil droplets which size was less than 10μm is 57.3%, compared to 91.6% which size was more than 50μm. It is difficult to separate the water and oil. The remaining oil was emulsified oil. The process was hard to decrease COD, and some pollutants were existed in water, such as Arsenic, Selenium, Mercury ,Cadmium and Cr6+. It is further proposed to optimize and develop this process to removal oil and suspended solids.

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Biological Treatments of Oilfield Produced Water: A Comprehensive Review

SPE Journal ◽

10.2118/195677-pa ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (05) ◽

pp. 2135-2147 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Nicolas Lusinier ◽

Isabelle Seyssiecq ◽

Cecilia Sambusiti ◽

Matthieu Jacob ◽

Nicolas Lesage ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Produced Water ◽

High Reliability ◽

Operating Costs ◽

Complex Composition ◽

Biological Treatments ◽

Oilfield Produced Water ◽

The Moment ◽

Time Of Operation

Summary Crude–oil extraction leads to the production of water, called produced water (PW). PW–flow rate increases along with the time of operation, up to more than 20 times the flow rate of crude oil. PW is often considered toxic because of its complex composition. At the moment, only dispersed hydrocarbons are targeted by water regulation. However, as regulations are becoming more stringent, they are also targeting dissolved compounds and/or the whole effluent toxicity. Consequently, PW treatments have to be more efficient, also allowing for high reliability of installations and high compactness (offshore processes). Biological treatments are often considered to offer the best compromise between removal performances and operating costs. However, their lack of compactness is unsuitable for offshore implementation. Hybrid processes, defined here as the combination of two or more processes, show promising performance and should be further studied to overcome the drawbacks noted in the case of other technologies.

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Production of ornamental sunflower irrigated with oilfield produced water in the Brazilian semiarid region

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2017000600008 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (6) ◽

pp. 443-454 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Olmar Baller Weber ◽

Lindbergue Araújo Crisostomo ◽

Fabio Rodrigues de Miranda ◽

Adervan Fernandes Sousa ◽

Antônio Lindemberg Martins Mesquita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Nutrients ◽

Produced Water ◽

Cost Benefit ◽

Operating Costs ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Minor Effect ◽

Cost Benefit Ratio ◽

Oilfield Produced Water ◽

A Minor

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of irrigation with oilfield produced water on the concentration of some soil nutrients, as well as on the performance and concentration of nutrients in the roots and on aerial parts of the ornamental sunflower 'Sunbright' (Helianthus annuus), and to define the operating costs for the production of floral stems under an irrigated system. 'Sunbright' sunflower plants were cultivated in a Typic Quartzipsamment in the state of Ceará, Brazil, and subjected to drip irrigation treatments with oilfield produced water treated by filtration (PWF), or by reverse osmosis (PWO), besides a control treatment with groundwater (GW) from the Açu aquifer. The study was carried out for three successive production cycles. Irrigation with PWF modifies the concentration of exchangeable salts in the soil, increasing Na+ in the shallow layers, affecting the vegetative growth and the nutrient accumulation in the roots and shoots, in such a way that brackish water may impact operating costs and revenues in the production of floral stems. PWO has a minor effect on soil nutrients and it is not able to modify the agronomic performance of the ornamental sunflowers, in comparison with irrigation with GW. The cost-benefit ratio was positive with all types of water in the following order: GW> PWF> PWO.

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Experimental Investigation of Polyvinylpyrrolidone for Application as a Demulsifier for Water-in-Oil Emulsion

The Open Petroleum Engineering Journal ◽

10.2174/1874834101710010263 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 263-275 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mysara Eissa Mohyaldinn ◽

Logeswuran Rammudo ◽

Muhammad Ayoub

Keyword(s):

Produced Water ◽

Deionized Water ◽

Oil Fields ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Oil Emulsion ◽

Bottle Test ◽

Oilfield Produced Water ◽

Oilfield Brines ◽

Water In Oil Emulsion ◽

Surface Production

Introduction: Emulsification of produced immiscible mixed liquid of oil and water is a problem frequently recognized in surface production facilities in oil fields. The formed emulsions are required to be demulsified to avoid the negative consequences on piping and processing equipment. Nowadays, chemical demulsification is a preferable method to avoid or retard emulsification during the process of oil treatment. Materials and Methods: In the present study, Polyvinylpyrrolidone, poly-[1-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)-ethylene] has been experimentally investigated as a chemical demulsifier for water-in-oil emulsion formulated by mixing a crude oil with synthesized oilfield produced water. Oilfield brines were synthesized by dissolving NaCl in deionized water to obtain salinity similar to the oilfield produced water. The sample of water-oil emulsion was prepared by agitation process at the condition of controlled rpm speed, ambient temperature and concentration of emulsifying agent. Stability of the emulsion was investigated using Turbiscan MA 2000 instrument. Results: The efficiency of the demulsification was screened using Bottle Test. It has been found that Polyvinylpyrrolidone, poly-[1-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)-ethylene] accelerates the separation of the emulsion as compared to blank ones (with no addition of PVP). A maximum demulsification performance of the PVP was observed at an optimum concentration of 60 ppm.

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Current water recycling initiatives in Australia: scenarios for the 21st century

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1996.0659 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 33 (10-11) ◽

pp. 37-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

John M. Anderson

Keyword(s):

Water Resources ◽

Urban Design ◽

21St Century ◽

Reclaimed Water ◽

River Basins ◽

Advanced Treatment ◽

Water Recycling ◽

Water Diversions ◽

Beneficial Reuse ◽

Current Water

Australia is a relatively dry continent with an average runoff of 50 mm per year. The use of water resources in some river basins is approaching the limits of sustainability. Some adverse environmental impacts have been observed resulting from water diversions and from both reclaimed water and stormwater discharges. The paper describes current water recycling initiatives in Australia. These include: beneficial reuse of reclaimed water for urban, residential, industrial and agricultural purposes; recycling of greywater and stormwater; advanced treatment using membrane technology; and water efficient urban design. Some possible water recycling scenarios for Australia in the 21st century are examined. The implications of these scenarios are discussed.

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