A Dual Source of Phosphorus to Lake Sediments Indicated by Distribution, Content, and Speciation: Inle Lake (Southern Shan State, Myanmar)

In this study, grab and core sediments from Inle lake were collected and analysed for their water and organic matter (O.M.) contents. Total phosphorus (TPSMT) and P fractions, namely inorganic-P (IP), organic-P (OP), P bound to Al, Fe and Mn oxy-hydroxides (Fe-P), and calcium-bound P (Ca-P) were determined by a sequential extraction procedure. TPSMT varied considerably (152–1980 mg/kg), with minimum concentrations detected at sites away from the main inflow rivers and maximum concentrations in the floating gardens area. In core sediments, TPSMT concentrations tended to decrease with depth, reaching values of <100 mg/kg. Concerning P forms, the overall abundance sequence in grab sediments was IP >> OP and Ca-P ≥ OP > Fe-P, whereas in core sediments it showed marked differences with depth and between sites. The relative abundance of the inorganic species (Ca-P, Fe-P) was controlled by the mineralogy of the sediments. While the TPSMT distribution pointed to an increased anthropogenic input, the relative abundance of P species provided information on the P origin, incorporation processes, and evolution over time. This information, combined with chemical and mineralogical data, permitted to identify two different P sources: the agricultural input in the floating gardens area and the detrital input related to soil erosion.

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Phosphorus Leaching Under Cut Grassland

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1999.0530 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 39 (12) ◽

pp. 63-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

B. L. Turner ◽

P. M. Haygarth

Keyword(s):

Surface Waters ◽

Large Scale ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Algal Growth ◽

Soil Types ◽

P Fractions ◽

Inorganic P ◽

Potential Source ◽

Significant Mechanism ◽

Total P

Phosphorus (P) transfer from agricultural land to surface waters can contribute to eutrophication, excess algal growth and associated water quality problems. Grasslands have a high potential for P transfer, as they receive P inputs as mineral fertiliser and concentrates cycled through livestock manures. The transfer of P can occur through surface and subsurface pathways, although the capacity of most soils to fix inorganic P has meant that subsurface P transfer by leaching mechanisms has often been perceived as negligible. We investigated this using large-scale monolith lysimeters (135 cm deep, 80 cm diameter) to monitor leachate P under four grassland soil types. Leachate was collected during the 1997–98 drainage year and analysed for a range of P fractions. Mean concentrations of total P routinely exceeded 100 μg l−1 from all soil types and, therefore, exceeded P concentrations above which eutrophication and algal growth can occur. The majority of the leachate P was in algal-available Mo-reactive (inorganic) forms, although a large proportion occurred in unreactive (organic) forms. We suggest that subsurface transfer by leaching can represent a significant mechanism for agricultural P transfer from some soils and must be given greater consideration as a potential source of diffuse P pollution to surface waters.

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Estimation of Phosphorus and Nitrogen Waste in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792) Diets Including Different Inorganic Phosphorus Sources

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11061700 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1700

Author(s):

Maria Consolación Milián-Sorribes ◽

Ana Tomás-Vidal ◽

David S. Peñaranda ◽

Laura Carpintero ◽

Juan S. Mesa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rainbow Trout ◽

Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽

Inorganic Phosphorus ◽

Point Of View ◽

Inorganic P ◽

Monocalcium Phosphate ◽

Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽

Phosphorus Sources ◽

Total P ◽

P Sources

This study was conducted to evaluate the apparent availability and P and N excretion in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using different inorganic phosphorus sources. With this goal, fish (153 ± 14.1 g) fed four inorganic P sources were assayed: monoammonium phosphate (MAP, NH4H2PO4), monosodium/monocalcium phosphate (SCP-2%, AQphos+, NaH2PO4/Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O in proportion 12/88), monosodium/monocalcium phosphate (SCP-5%, NaH2PO4/Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O in proportion 30/70) and monocalcium phosphate (MCP, Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O). Phosphorus (P) digestibility, in diets that included MAP and SCP-2% as inorganic phosphorus sources, were significantly higher than for SCP-5% and MCP sources. In relation to the P excretion pattern, independent of the diet, a peak at 6 h after feeding was registered, but at different levels depending on inorganic P sources. Fish fed an MAP diet excreted a higher amount of dissolved P in comparison with the rest of the inorganic P sources, although the total P losses were lower in MAP and SCP-2% (33.02% and 28.13, respectively) than in SCP-5% and MCP sources (43.35% and 47.83, respectively). Nitrogen (N) excretion was also studied, and the fish fed an SCP-5% diet provided lower values (15.8%) than MAP (28.0%). When N total wastes were calculated, SCP-2% and SCP-5% showed the lowest values (31.54 and 28.25%, respectively). In conclusion, based on P and N digestibility and excretion, the SCP-2% diet showed the best results from a nutritional and environmental point of view.

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Relationship of soil phosphorus fractions to phosphorus soil tests and fertilizer response

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/s02-079 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 83 (4) ◽

pp. 443-449 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

R. H. McKenzie ◽

E. Bremer

Keyword(s):

Available P ◽

Soil Test ◽

Strongly Correlated ◽

P Fractions ◽

Soil Tests ◽

Fertilizer Response ◽

Inorganic P ◽

Soil P ◽

P Fertilizer ◽

Soil Test P

Soil tests for available P may not be accurate because they do not measure the appropriate P fraction in soil. A sequential extraction technique (modified Hedley method) was used to determine if soil test P methods were accurately assessing available pools and if predictions of fertilizer response could be improved by the inclusion of other soil P fractions. A total of 145 soils were analyzed from field P fertilizer experiments conducted across Alberta from 1991 to 1993. Inorganic P (Pi) removed by extraction with an anion-exchange resin (resin P) was highly correlated with the Olsen and Kelowna-type soil test P methods and had a similar relationship with P fertilizer response. No appreciable improvement in the fit of available P with P fertilizer response was achieved by including any of the less available P fractions in the regression of P fertilizer response with available P. Little Pi was extractable in alkaline solutions (bicarbonate and NaOH), particularly in soils from the Brown and Dark Brown soil zones. Alkaline fractions were the most closely related to resin P, but the relationship depended on soil zone. Inorganic P extractable in dilute HCl was most strongly correlated with soil pH, reflecting accumulation in calcareous soils, while Pi extractable in concentrated acids (HCl and H2SO4) was most strongly correlated with clay concentration. A positive but weak relationship as observed between these fractions and resin P. Complete fractionation of soil P confirmed that soil test P methods were assessing exchangeable, plant-available P. Key words: Hedley phosphorus fractionation, resin, Olsen, Kelowna

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Do methanotrophs drive phosphorus mineralization in soil ecosystem?

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/cjm-2020-0254 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Santosh Ranjan Mohanty ◽

Adarsh Kumar ◽

Rakesh Parmar ◽

Garima Dubey ◽

Ashok Kumar Patra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Consumption Rate ◽

Organic P ◽

Soil Ecosystem ◽

Inorganic P ◽

Sodium Phytate ◽

Feeding Cycle ◽

Consumption Rates ◽

Phosphorus Mineralization ◽

Absolute Control ◽

P Sources

Experiments were carried out to elucidate linkage between methane consumption and mineralization of P from different phosphorous sources. The treatments were no CH4 no P amendment absolute control, with CH4 no P amendment control, with CH4 + inorganic P as Ca3(PO4)2 and with CH4 + organic P (sodium phytate). P sources were added at 25 µg P g-1 soil. Soils were incubated to undergo three repeated CH4 feeding cycle referred as feeding cycle I, feeding cycle II, and feeding cycle III. CH4 consumption rate k (µg CH4 consumed g-1 soil d-1) was 0.297 ± 0.028 in no P amendment control, 0.457±0.016 in Ca3(PO4)2, and 0.627 ± 0.013 in sodium phytate. Rate k was stimulated by 2 to 6 times over CH4 feeding cycles and followed the trend of sodium phytate > Ca3(PO4)2 > no P amendment control. CH4 consumption stimulated P solubilization from Ca3(PO4)2 by a factor of 2.86. Acid phosphatase (µg paranitrophenol released g-1 soil h-1) was higher in sodium phytate than no P amendment control. Abundance of 16S rRNA and pmoA genes increased with CH4 consumption rates. The study suggested that CH4 consumption drive mineralization of unavailable inorganic and organic P sources in the soil ecosystem.

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Dynamics of phosphorus fractions in soils treated with dairy manure

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr18325 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 58 (3) ◽

pp. 289

Author(s):

L. B. Braos ◽

A. C. T. Bettiol ◽

L. G. Di Santo ◽

M. E. Ferreira ◽

M. C. P. Cruz

Keyword(s):

P Uptake ◽

Dairy Manure ◽

P Availability ◽

Organic P ◽

Triple Superphosphate ◽

P Fractions ◽

Inorganic P ◽

Soil P ◽

Plant P Uptake ◽

Inorganic P Fractions

The evaluation of phosphorus (P) transformations in soil after application of manure or mineral P can improve soil management and optimise P use by plants. The objectives of the present study were to assess organic and inorganic P forms in two soils treated with dairy manure and triple superphosphate and to establish relationships between soil P fraction levels and P availability. Soil organic and inorganic P fractions were quantified using a pot experiment with two soils, a typical Hapludox and an arenic Hapludult, with three types of fertiliser treatments applied (no fertiliser application, application of dairy manure, and application of triple superphosphate, by adding 100 mg P dm–3 in the form of fertiliser in the two latter treatments) and four incubation times (15, 45, 90, and 180 days). Inorganic P was fractionated into aluminium-bound, iron-bound, occluded, and calcium-bound P. Organic P was extracted sequentially using sodium bicarbonate, hydrochloric acid, microbial biomass, sodium hydroxide, and residual organic P. After incubation, maize plants were cropped to quantify dry matter yield and absorbed P. Application of dairy manure resulted in a significant increase in most of the organic P fractions, and application of triple superphosphate led to a significant increase in inorganic P fractions. Both fertilisers raised labile organic P fractions in the two soils. The major sinks of P in Hapludox were occluded and fulvic acid-associated P. In contrast, the major sink of P in Hapludult was iron-bound P. The available P levels were stable after application of dairy manure, and decreased with time when fertilised with triple superphosphate. In the Hapludox, the organic P fractions had a significant positive correlation with P uptake by plants. The results suggest that organic P mineralisation plays a more significant role in plant P uptake in the Hapludox soil and inorganic P forms are the main contributors to plant P uptake in the Hapludult soil.

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EFFECT OF ASCORBIC ACID ON THE PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM OF THE ADRENAL GLAND

Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology ◽

10.1139/o56-098 ◽

1956 ◽

Vol 34 (5) ◽

pp. 919-926 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Doris Nicholls

Keyword(s):

Adrenal Gland ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Sodium Succinate ◽

Sodium Ascorbate ◽

Phosphorus Metabolism ◽

P Fractions ◽

Total Acid ◽

Inorganic P ◽

Hypophysectomized Rats ◽

Soluble P

Brief exposure of rats to a cold environment increased the incorporation of inorganic P32 into the inorganic P, 20-min. hydrolyzable P, and total acid-soluble P of the adrenal gland. This increase was abolished by the administration of sodium ascorbate. Similar quantities of sodium succinate were without effect. The effect of ascorbate was largely due to the fact that it increased the phosphorus metabolism of the adrenals of rats maintained at room temperature. ACTH increased the incorporation of P32 into the acid-soluble P fractions of the adrenal of hypophysectomized rats. This effect of ACTH was greatly increased by sodium ascorbate. These results confirm the suggestion of Dugal that sodium ascorbate may potentiate the effect of ACTH.

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Fractionation of P in soil as influenced by a single addition of liquid swine manure

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/s00-020 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 80 (4) ◽

pp. 561-566 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

P. Qian ◽

J. J. Schoenau

Keyword(s):

Extraction Procedure ◽

Swine Manure ◽

Field Research ◽

Organic P ◽

Limited Information ◽

Inorganic P ◽

Liquid Swine Manure ◽

Single Addition ◽

Labile P ◽

Exchange Membrane

Limited information exists as to the short-term effect of liquid swine manure on P distribution in soil. To address this issue, forms and distribution of inorganic P (Pi) and organic P (Po) at 2 wk and 16 wk after manure addition were investigated through a sequential extraction procedure. An Orthic Black Chernozem was sampled from a field research plot (Dixon, SK) without previous manure and urea additions. Liquid swine manure and urea were applied at rates of 0, 100 and 400 mg N kg−1, corresponding 10 and 40 mg P kg−1 from manure. Manure addition did not increase the most labile P fractions in soil. Instead the initial fate of the P from the manure was mainly to enter moderately labile and stable fractions such as calcium phosphate and organic P forms. This is consistent with observations in the field that a single application of swine effluent does not have a large impact on extractable "available" P in the soil. Further studies are needed to determine how much manure P loading is required for saturation of the "fixed pool" of P in Saskatchewan soils. Key words: Phosphorus fractions, sequential P extraction, incubation, urea, swine manure, anion exchange membrane

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Effect of long term fertilization on phosphorus dynamics in root zone environment under finger millet - Maize cropping sequence

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v13i4.3079 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 1383-1389

Author(s):

Kalaiselvi K. ◽

D. Jayanthi ◽

P. Santhy ◽

M. Gnanachitra ◽

B. Gokila

Keyword(s):

Tamil Nadu ◽

Nutrient Management ◽

Root Zone ◽

Clay Loam ◽

P Fractions ◽

Inorganic P ◽

High Stage ◽

P Fertilizer ◽

Soluble P

In an agro-ecosystem, phosphorus (P) is found in organic and an inorganic form which includes soluble P, sorbed P and mineral bounded P. In soil, added P sources undergo various soil processes like mineralization, immobilization, precipitation, weathering, dissolution, sorption and desorption. For understanding the P dynamics in clay loam (Vertic Ustropept) soil, the present study was undertaken in P dynamics under rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere environment of maize in Long Term Fertilizer Experiment at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. The results revealed that the fractions of various pools of inorganic NaOH extractable Fe - P, H2SO4 extractable Ca- P, NH4F extractable Al- P, NH4Cl extractable Saloid P and Na citrate - Dithionate extractable Reductant soluble P were dominant in the non-rhizospheric soil than rhizospheric environment. The order of inorganic P fractions in the non-rhizospheric and rhizospheric region of the soil was found as Ca-P > Fe-P > Al-P > Reductant soluble-P > Saloid P and the knee-high stage of the non - rhizosphere soil recorded the highest inorganic as well organic P fractions. Irrespective of P fractions, Ca – P was recorded high (192.5 & 186.7 mg kg-1 ) followed by Fe - P (40.8& 34.9 mg kg-1) at a knee-high stage in non-rhizosphere and rhizosphere, respectively. Practising various nutrient management systems, application of 100% recommended dose of fertilizer along with FYM @ 10 t ha-1 (T8) recorded significant changes in all inorganic (Ca-P, Fe-P, Al-P, Reductant soluble-P, Saloid P), organic fractions and also Total P followed by 150% NPK (T3) in sandy clay loam soil. Nowadays, increasing demand for P fertilizer in India, judicious use of P fertilizer is important. Despite that, intensively cultivated soils have a lot of P reserves like organic and inorganic P pools and effective way of P transformation management could reduce the quantum of P fertilization in soil.

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Characteristics of various forms of phosphorus and their relationships in the sediments of Haizi Lake, China

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2012.469 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 66 (12) ◽

pp. 2688-2694 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dongsu Bi ◽

Xiaopin Guo ◽

Zhihong Cai ◽

Xiufang Gao ◽

Yan Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Extraction Procedure ◽

Chemical Extraction ◽

Overlying Water ◽

Inorganic P ◽

Sequential Chemical Extraction ◽

River Region ◽

Carbonate Fluorapatite ◽

Exchangeable P ◽

P Distribution ◽

Total P

The phosphorus (P) distribution in the sediments of Haizi Lake from the middle reach of the Yangtze River region, China, was investigated using a sequential chemical extraction procedure. P forms and concentrations of sediment samples taken at 25 sites over the whole lake were measured. The relationships between various forms of P in sediments and dissolved P in the overlying water were also discussed. Results showed that the concentrations of total P (TP) in the sediments ranged from 404 to 670 mg kg−1, with an average of 503 mg kg−1. The exchangeable P (Ex-P), Al-bound P (Al-P), Fe-bound P (Fe-P), occluded P (Oc-P), authigenic carbonate fluorapatite + biogenic apatite + CaCO3-associated P (ACa-P), detrital apatite + other inorganic P (De-P) and organic P (Or-P) accounted for, on average, 0.52, 0.04, 10.9, 32.0, 7.4, 20.1 and 29.0% of TP, respectively. Relevance analysis indicated that Oc-P, ACa-P and De-P, as the majority forms of inorganic P, were less correlated to others. The significant correlations between Ex-P, Al-P, Fe-P, Or-P and TP suggested the probability of reciprocal transformation. It was suggested that Ex-P, Al-P, Fe-P, Or-P and TP in the sediments might be released easily to the water interface, resulting in sustained lake eutrophication.

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