scholarly journals Experimental Study on the Effect of Heat-Retaining and Diversion Facilities on Thermal Discharge from a Power Plant

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2267
Author(s):  
Ruixia Hao ◽  
Liyuan Qiao ◽  
Lijuan Han ◽  
Chun Tian
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Thermal Discharge ◽  
Surrounding Water ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Phase I And Ii

In order to reduce the influence of thermal discharge from the power plant on the surrounding water environment and the operation efficiency of the power plant, a distorted physical model was presented and applied to Huadian Kemen Power Plant for studying heat transport and analyzing the effects of heat-retaining and diversion facilities near the intake/outlet on the thermal discharge for six scenarios. Field investigations were also used to validate the model. This study is unique as it is the first to elaborate on the impact of heat-retaining and diversion facilities on thermal discharge. The results indicate that the construction of heat-retaining and diversion facilities can decrease the excess temperature at intake to meet the intake requirement and improve the distribution of low temperature rise, but the area of high temperature rise has an increase. When the heat-retaining wall and diversion dike were constructed, the maximum intake temperature rise of Phase III decreased significantly by 1.0–1.3 °C with an average decrease of 0.2 °C, and the maximum value of Phase I and II was reduced by 0.3 °C with little mean change. A comparative experiment with different construction heights was also conducted. Result analysis shows that when the crest elevation was reduced from 3 to 2 m, the influence on the intake temperature rise of Phase I and II could be ignored, and the average temperature rise of Phase III only had an increase of 0.1 °C, suggesting that constructions with 2 m play an effective role in reducing heat return to the intake.

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS ANALYSIS OF DRAGON FRUIT EXTRACT SKIN BETACYANIN of Hylocereus polyrhizus AND Hylocereus undatus WITH TEST OF STABILITY ORGANOLEPTIC JELLY AS ATLAS MEDIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tutut Puji Lestari
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Fruit Skin ◽  
Dragon Fruit ◽  
Hylocereus Undatus ◽  
Hylocereus Polyrhizus ◽  
Phase I And Ii

Dragon fruit Hylocereus polyrhizus  and Hylocereus undatus are familiy of cactus, grown in Malang. The high consumption of dragon fruit, have an impact on the fruit skin buildup that simply disposed of as trash. Dragon fruit skin is known to have a source of natural red dye, which is Betacyanin. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of the dragon fruit peel extract Betacyanin Hylocereus polyrhizus and Hylocereus undatus as well as the stability of the organoleptic jelly, which will be developed into a learning materials atlas for class VIII Junior High School. The study was conducted in September-October 2015. The study was conducted in three stages. This type of research phase I and II is True Experimental, and phase III is development. The results of phase I shows that various concentrations of ethanol (70% and 90%) have an effect on the characteristics of the extract Betacyanin skin dragon fruit Hylocereus polyrhizus and Hylocereus undatus, but very significant effect on skin extract dragon fruit Hylocereus undatus the treatment of N2, EI at pH 4,5. Later in the phase II study results showed that different concentrations of extracts of the best Betacyanin significantly affect the organoleptic stability of jelly. The results of phase III is the development of phase I and II studies into Atlas media for 8th grade of  Junior High School.  

Study on the Impact of Water Environmental Factors on Dominant Species of Phytoplankton around the Power Plant in Xiangshan Bay

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 3371-3374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Yang ◽  
Ying Zhao ◽  
Hui Rong Zhang ◽  
Gui Xiang Dai ◽  
Jun Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Statistical Model ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Thermal Discharge ◽  
Xiangshan Bay ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

The SPSS19.0 software was used to analyse the data of enclosure experiments last for 7 days in summer of 2011. Water temperature increase as a factor to establish the statistical model, and the response relation of thermal discharge warming and Coscinodiscus Jonesianus biomass was analyzed quantitatively. The results showed that, it would promote Coscinodiscus Jonesianus growth and reproduction with the water warming at 0.2°C to 0.79°C , which would be restrained at the water warming at 0.8°C to 2.0°C. When the water temperature increase 0.1°C, 0.4°C and 0.7°Cwill respectively result in Coscinodiscus Jonesianus biomass grow 216.12%, 72.87% and 15.05%. While the water temperature increase 1.0°C, 1.5°C and 2.0°C will respectively result in Coscinodiscus Jonesianus biomass reduce 6.38%, 17.95% and 26.17%.

scholarly journals The Impact of Liver Cirrhosis and Cholelithiasis on Phase I and II Reactions Using Antipyrine and Trimethadione as a Model Substrate.

1991 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Einosuke TANAKA ◽  
Akio ISHIKAWA ◽  
Hironori ETOH ◽  
Shogo MISAWA ◽  
Katashi FUKAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Phase I ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Phase I And Ii

scholarly journals Scaling up care for perinatal depression for improved maternal and infant health (SPECTRA): protocol of a hybrid implementation study of the impact of a cascade training of primary maternal care providers in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oye Gureje ◽  
Bibilola Oladeji ◽  
Olatunde Olayinka Ayinde ◽  
Lola Kola ◽  
Jibril Abdulmalik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Maternal Care ◽  
Perinatal Depression ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Level Of Care ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The large treatment gap for mental disorders in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) necessitates task-sharing approaches in scaling up care for mental disorders. Previous work have shown that primary health care workers (PHCW) can be trained to recognize and respond to common mental disorders but there are lingering questions around sustainable implementation and scale-up in real world settings. Method This project is a hybrid implementation-effectiveness study guided by the Replicating Effective Programmes Framework. It will be conducted in four overlapping phases in maternal care clinics (MCC) in 11 local government areas in and around Ibadan metropolis, Nigeria. In Phase I, engagement meetings with relevant stake holders will be held. In phase II, the organizational and clinical profiles of MCC to deliver chronic depression care will be assessed, using interviews and a standardized assessment tool administered to staff and managers of the clinics. To ascertain the current level of care, 167 consecutive women presenting for antenatal care for the first time and who screened positive for depression will be recruited and followed up till 12 months post-partum. In phase III, we will design and implement a cascade training programme for PHCW, to equip them to identify and treat perinatal depression. In phase IV, a second cohort of 334 antenatal women will be recruited and followed up as in Phase I, to ascertain post-training level of care. The primary implementation outcome is change in the identification and treatment of perinatal depression by the PHCW while the primary effectiveness outcome is recovery from depression among the women at 6 months post-partum. A range of mixed-method approaches will be used to explore secondary implementation outcomes, including fidelity and acceptability. Secondary effectiveness outcomes are measures of disability and of infant outcomes. Discussion This study represents an attempt to systematically assess and document an implementation strategy that could inform the scaling up of evidence based interventions for perinatal depression using the WHO mhGAP-IG in LMIC. Trial registration This study was registered on 03 December, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN94230307.

scholarly journals Phase I and II Clinical Trial Comparing the LBSap, Leishmune®, and Leish-Tec® Vaccines against Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 690
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Dian de Oliveira Aguiar-Soares ◽  
Bruno Mendes Roatt ◽  
Fernando Augusto Siqueira Mathias ◽  
Levi Eduardo Soares Reis ◽  
Jamille Mirelle de Oliveira Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Cd8 T Lymphocytes ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Phase I And Ii

In this study, we performed a phase I and II clinical trial in dogs to evaluate the toxicity and immunogenicity of LBSap-vaccine prototype, in comparison to Leishmune® and Leish-Tec® vaccines. Twenty-eight dogs were classified in four groups: (i) control group received 1 mL of sterile 0.9% saline solution; (ii) LBSap group received 600 μg of Leishmania braziliensis promastigotes protein and 1 mg of saponin adjuvant; (iii) Leishmune®; and (iv) Leish-Tec®. The safety and toxicity of the vaccines were measured before and after three immunizations by clinical, biochemical, and hematological parameters. The clinical examinations revealed that some dogs of LBSap and Leishmune® groups presented changes at the site of vaccination inoculum, such as nodules, mild edema, and local pain, which were transient and disappeared seventy-two hours after vaccination, but these results indicate that adverse changes caused by the immunizations are tolerable. The immunogenicity results demonstrate an increase of B lymphocytes CD21+ regarding the Leishmune® group and monocytes CD14+ concerning LBSap and Leishmune® groups. In the in vitro analyses, an increase in lymphoproliferative activity in LBSap and Leishmune® groups was observed, with an increase of antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the LBSap group. A second approach of in vitro assays aimed at evaluating the percentage of antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes producers of IFN-γ and IL-4, where an increase in both IFN-γ producing subpopulations in the LBSap group was observed, also showed an increase in IFN-γ producers in CD8+ lymphocytes in the Leish-Tec® group. Our data regarding immunogenicity indicate that the vaccination process, especially with the LBSap vaccine, generated a protective immune response compatible with L. infantum parasite control. Based on the foregoing, the LBSap vaccine would be suitable for further studies of phase III clinical trial in endemic areas with high prevalence and incidence of canine visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases.

scholarly journals Acute Exposure of Upcyte® Hepatocytes to Sub-lethal Concentrations of Graphene Oxide: Impairment of Phase-I Xenobiotic Metabolism and Albumin Transcription

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessio Romaldini ◽  
Raffaele Spanò ◽  
Stefania Sabella
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Metabolism Enzymes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lethal Doses

Abstract BackgroundGraphene Oxide (GO) is a promising candidate for nanomedicine applications. Due to the central role of liver in biotransformation of xenobiotics and drugs, the impact of GO on hepatic functional cells represents a crucial evaluation step for its potential implementation as drug. Primary human hepatocytes (PHH) are the election model for studying drug toxicity and metabolism, however current technical limitations may slow down the large-scale diffusion of this cellular tool in in vitro investigations. To assess the potential hepatotoxicity of GO, in this study, we propose an alternative approach employing second-generation upcyte® hepatocytes as cell model, which show metabolic and functional profiles akin to PHH. Cells have been acutely exposed to increasing GO concentrations for 24 hours. Upon sub-lethal concentrations of GO, stress-related cell responses to GO (such as apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammatory response) have been evaluated, along with a broad investigation of GO impact on specialized hepatic functions.ResultsResults show an IC50 equal to 102.2 μg/mL, which is in line with recent data obtained by hepatocellular carcinoma-derived cells. However, at sub-lethal doses (≤ 80 μg/mL), it is detected a mild activation of early apoptosis, but not oxidative stress or inflammatory response. Importantly, we observed a clear impact of GO on phase-I drug metabolism enzymes (e.g., CYP3A4, CYP2C9) through the inhibition of gene expression and metabolic activity. Conversely, phase-II enzyme system and phase-III efflux transporters were not affected by GO. Finally, GO strongly downregulated the gene expression of Albumin.ConclusionThe presented model of upcyte® hepatocytes appears to be feasible for the assessment of hepatotoxicity of nanomaterials, specifically showing that sub-lethal doses of GO have a negative impact on the specialized hepatic functions of these cells. The impairment of cytochrome P450 system along with the alteration of Albumin gene expression by GO may suggest potential detrimental consequences for human health, as for instance, an altered detoxification from xenobiotics and drugs.

Research on the impact of reclamation project on surrounding water environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 219 ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
Ye Chen ◽  
Qingyun Ma ◽  
Chao Liu ◽  
Qiang Shu ◽  
Haroon Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Water Environment ◽  
Surrounding Water ◽  
Reclamation Project ◽  
The Impact

Importance of sodium for recovery of calcium control in reoxygenated cardiomyocytes

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (2) ◽  
pp. H506-H513 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Siegmund ◽  
Y. V. Ladilov ◽  
H. M. Piper
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Fura 2 ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Na Pump ◽  
Initial Drop ◽  
Na Depletion ◽  
Phase I And Ii

The role of Na+ in the recovery from severe anoxic Ca2+ overload was investigated in isolated quiescent ventricular cardiomyocytes from adult rat. Changes of cytosolic Ca2+ and Na+ concentrations were followed by the fura 2 and Na(+)-binding benzofuran isophthalate techniques, respectively. When the fura 2 ratio (340/380 nm) reached saturation in anoxic cells, indicating a severe cytosolic Ca2+ overload, the cells were reoxygenated. This caused a rapid initial drop of cytosolic Ca2+ to a lower but still elevated level (phase I), followed by oscillatory Ca2+ transients at this level (phase II) and, within 10 min, the reestablishment of a stable cytosolic Ca2+ concentration at the normal resting level (phase III). As previously shown [B. Siegmund, R. Zude, and H. M. Piper. Am. J. Physiol. 263 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 32): H1262–H1269, 1992], Ca2+ shifts in phase I and II are mainly due to uptake and release of Ca2+ by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Phase I was unchanged, and phase II was much prolonged (> 60 min) in cells reoxygenated under Na+ pump inhibition (0.2 mM ouabain) or Na+ depletion. Phase III could only be reestablished (< 10 min) when ouabain was eluted or external Na+ replenished, respectively. The results show that full recovery of cytosolic Ca2+ control (phase III) requires an active sarcolemmal Na+ pump and the availability of external Na+. This indicates that phase III is determined by the transsarcolemmal extrusion of Ca2+ by a tandem mechanism consisting of 1) the Na+ pump, generating an extracellular-to-intracellular Na+ gradient, and 2) the sarcolemmal Na+/Ca2+ exchange, driven by that gradient to extrude Ca2+.

Thermal Pollution Prediction in the Coastal Areas of the Houshi Power Plant in China

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 2012-2016
Author(s):  
Mu Lan Zhu ◽  
Long Yan Cai ◽  
Wen Zhi Cao
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Heat Transport ◽  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Thermal Discharge ◽  
Heat Accumulation ◽  
The Future

The thermal discharge from the Houshi power plant in China has been increased continuously with the increase in power supply. In order to understand the waste heat pollution conditions in the coastal areas of the Houshi power plant, we proposed a modified Princeton Ocean Model (POM) model to conduct three-dimensional numerical simulations for heat transport in the coastal areas of the plant. The proposed model has been verified to be valid in our previous study. This study employed the verified model to predict heat transport under the future operational conditions of the power plant with a thermal discharge of 217m3/s. The prediction results indicate that a larger area of waters near the plant outfall will have a temperature rise larger than 4°C, and this area of temperature rise is close to the water intake of the power plant. Besides, the heat accumulation phenomena will be serious in the depth direction and this will bring great influence to marine ecological environment, especially to benthic organisms. It is suggested that some measures are necessary to reduce temperature rise in the coastal areas of the Houshi power plant in the future.

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