scholarly journals Assessment of Causes and Effects of Groundwater Level Change in an Urban Area (Warsaw, Poland)

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3107
Author(s):  
Ewa Krogulec ◽  
Jerzy J. Małecki ◽  
Dorota Porowska ◽  
Anna Wojdalska
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Quaternary Aquifers ◽  
Groundwater Quantity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Long Term Measurement

Monitoring the data of groundwater level in long-term measurement series has allowed for assessment of the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors on groundwater recharge. It allows for assessing the actual groundwater quantity, which constitutes the basis for balanced and sustainable groundwater planning and management in an urban area. Groundwater levels in three aquifers were studied: the shallow and deeper Quaternary aquifers and the Oligocene aquifer in Warsaw (Poland). Statistical analysis was performed on a 27-year (1993–2019) cycle of daily measurements of groundwater levels. The studies focused on determining the range and causes of groundwater level changes in urban-area aquifers. The groundwater table position in the Quaternary aquifer pointed to variable long-term recharge and allowed for the identification of homogenous intervals with identification of water table fluctuation trends. A decrease in the water table was observed within the Quaternary aquifers. The Oligocene aquifer displayed an opposite trend.

scholarly journals Groundwater level oscillation analysis in shallow alluvial aquifers in Pomurje, NE Slovenia

Geologija ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-129
Author(s):  
Urška PAVLIČ ◽  
Petra SOUVENT
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Oscillation Analysis ◽  
Groundwater Fluctuation ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Level Oscillation ◽  
Groundwater Quantity ◽  
The Impact

Systematic hydrologic monitoring of groundwater quantity at the national level in Slovenia has been ongoing since 1952. An insight into long-term groundwater level data enables us to delineate parts of aquifers with similar groundwater level oscillation properties as well as to identify changes of those properties in time. We used variety of statistical methods to identify long-term behaviour of groundwater level oscillation of groundwater body (GWB) Murska kotlina. Results showed that fluctuation of groundwater level in time reflect complex set of events that originate in natural or anthropogenic interferences. Using percentile analysis in combination with cluster analysis, we were able to isolate areas with a related groundwater fluctuation. Results of long-term data trends analyses of monthly groundwater level showed the impact of the research area climate on long-term and seasonal groundwater level fluctuation. In addition to natural causes, by performing trend analysis on groundwater level data, we were able identify some human induced interventions into the environment made in the past.

scholarly journals Asymmetric impact of groundwater use on groundwater droughts

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 4853-4868
Author(s):  
Doris E. Wendt ◽  
Anne F. Van Loon ◽  
John P. Bloomfield ◽  
David M. Hannah
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Groundwater Use ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Groundwater Drought ◽  
Asymmetric Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Drought Occurrence

Abstract. Groundwater use affects groundwater storage continuously as the removal of water changes both short-term and long-term groundwater level variation. This has implications for groundwater droughts, i.e. a below-normal groundwater level. The impact of groundwater use on groundwater droughts, however, remains unknown. Hence, the aim of this study is to investigate the impact of groundwater use on groundwater droughts in the absence of actual abstraction data. We present a methodological framework that consists of two approaches. The first approach compared groundwater droughts at monitoring sites that are potentially influenced by abstraction to groundwater droughts at sites that are known to be near natural. Observed groundwater droughts were compared in terms of drought occurrence, duration, and magnitude. The second approach investigated long-term trends in groundwater levels in all monitoring wells. This framework was applied to a case study of the UK, using four regional water management units in which groundwater levels are monitored and abstractions are licensed. Results show two asymmetric responses in groundwater drought characteristics due to groundwater use. The first response is an increase in shorter drought events and is found in three water management units where long-term annual average groundwater abstractions are smaller than recharge. The second response, observed in one water management unit where groundwater abstractions temporarily exceeded recharge, is a lengthening and intensification of groundwater droughts. Analysis of long-term (1984–2014) trends in groundwater levels shows mixed but generally positive trends, while trends in precipitation and potential evapotranspiration are not significant. The overall rising groundwater levels are consistent with changes in water use regulations and with a general reduction in abstractions during the period of investigation. We summarised our results in a conceptual typology that illustrates the asymmetric impact of groundwater use on groundwater drought occurrence, duration, and magnitude. The long-term balance between groundwater abstraction and recharge plays an important role in this asymmetric impact, which highlights the relation between short-term and long-term sustainable groundwater use.

Ethics of Primate Fieldwork: Toward an Ethically Engaged Primatology

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 493-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin P. Riley ◽  
Michelle Bezanson
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Ethical Practice ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Term Field

Field primatologists have ethical responsibilities that extend beyond study subjects to the local human communities living near primate populations and their surrounding ecosystems. In this review, we explore the history of ethical discussions within anthropological primatology and examine the best practices for an ethically engaged primatology that should be followed and role-modeled by primatologists. An increasing number of primates are showing reduced population sizes and are in imminent danger of extinction; thus, we need to carefully consider the ethics of intervening to ensure the survival of remaining populations, the impact of anthropogenic factors (e.g., climate change), and whether long-term field research results in conservation outcomes that consider local human communities. Because best practices change over time as theoretical frameworks and methodological tools advance and scientific goals change, field primatologists must continually reflect on what constitutes ethical practice and consider how research influences the overlapping dimensions of fieldwork: primates, people, and ecosystems.

Evaluation of 2018 drought and effectiveness of adaptation measures in the Netherlands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjolein H.J. van Huijgevoort ◽  
Janine A. de Wit ◽  
Ruud P. Bartholomeus
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Capillary Rise ◽  
Hydrological Drought ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Drought Event ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
The Impact

<p>Extreme dry conditions occurred over the summer of 2018 in the Netherlands. This severe drought event led to very low groundwater  and surface water levels. These impacted several sectors like navigation, agriculture, nature and drinking water supply. Especially in the Pleistocene uplands of the Netherlands, the low groundwater levels had a large impact on crop yields and biodiversity in nature areas. Projections show that droughts with this severity will occur more often in the future due to changes in climate. To mitigate the impact of these drought events, water management needs to be altered.</p><p>In this study, we evaluated the 2018 drought event in the sandy regions of the Netherlands and studied which measures could be most effective to mitigate drought impact. We have included meteorological, soil moisture and hydrological drought and the propagation of the drought through these types. Droughts were determined with standardized indices (e.g. Standardized Precipitation Index) and the variable threshold level method. Investigated measures were, for example, higher water levels in ditches, reduced irrigation from groundwater, and increased water conservation in winter. We also studied the timing of these measures to determine the potential for mitigating effects during a drought versus the effectiveness of long term adaptation. The measures were simulated with the agro-hydrological Soil–Water–Atmosphere–Plant (SWAP) model for several areas across the Netherlands for both agricultural fields and nature sites.</p><p>As expected, decreasing irrigation from groundwater reduced the severity of the hydrological drought in the region. Severity of the soil moisture drought also decreased in fields that were never irrigated due to the effects of capillary rise from the groundwater, but, as expected, increased in currently irrigated fields. Increasing the level of a weir in ditches had a relatively small effect on the hydrological drought, provided water was available to sustain higher water levels. This measure is, therefore, better suited as a long term change than as ad hoc measure during a drought. The effectiveness of the measures depended on the characteristics of the regions; for some regions small changes led to increases in groundwater levels for several months, whereas in other regions effects were lost after a few weeks. This study gives insight into the most effective measures to mitigate drought impacts in low-lying sandy regions like the Netherlands.</p>

scholarly journals The impact of environmental conditions on water salinity in the area of the city of Inowrocław (north-central Poland)

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Hulisz ◽  
Arkadiusz Krawiec ◽  
Sylwia Pindral ◽  
Łukasz Mendyk ◽  
Kamila Pawlikowska
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Surface Water And Groundwater ◽  
Zechstein Salt ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

AbstractThe article presents the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors on the chemical and physical properties of surface water and groundwater in the area of the city of Inowrocław. It has been shown that the properties of the waters were most strongly affected by the specific geological structure (the city is located within the Zechstein salt dome) as well as the long-term influence of a salt mine and soda plant. The composition of most analysed samples was dominated by Ca2+, Na+and Cl−ions. In places of heavy industrial activity, some water parameters were several time higher than permissible limit values according to Polish standards. It is concluded that, due to the threat to the city’s drinking groundwater resources and fertile soils, the surface water and groundwater in the area in question require permanent monitoring.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal impact of climate change on the groundwater system

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1517-1531 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dams ◽  
E. Salvadore ◽  
T. Van Daele ◽  
V. Ntegeka ◽  
P. Willems ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Reference Period ◽  
Groundwater System ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Given the importance of groundwater for food production and drinking water supply, but also for the survival of groundwater dependent terrestrial ecosystems (GWDTEs) it is essential to assess the impact of climate change on this freshwater resource. In this paper we study with high temporal and spatial resolution the impact of 28 climate change scenarios on the groundwater system of a lowland catchment in Belgium. Our results show for the scenario period 2070–2101 compared with the reference period 1960–1991, a change in annual groundwater recharge between −20% and +7%. On average annual groundwater recharge decreases 7%. In most scenarios the recharge increases during winter but decreases during summer. The altered recharge patterns cause the groundwater level to decrease significantly from September to January. On average the groundwater level decreases about 7 cm with a standard deviation between the scenarios of 5 cm. Groundwater levels in interfluves and upstream areas are more sensitive to climate change than groundwater levels in the river valley. Groundwater discharge to GWDTEs is expected to decrease during late summer and autumn as much as 10%, though the discharge remains at reference-period level during winter and early spring. As GWDTEs are strongly influenced by temporal dynamics of the groundwater system, close monitoring of groundwater and implementation of adaptive management measures are required to prevent ecological loss.

Time series study for groundwater level evaluation in monitoring well

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubens Oliveira da Cunha Júnior ◽  
João Victor Mariano da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Sedimentary Basin ◽  
Precipitation Data ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Monitoring Well ◽  
Series Study

Climate and hydrogeological conditions of the Brazilian semi-arid demand sustainable and efficient water solutions. Groundwater monitoring programs are tools to subsidize the decision-making in this sense. In Ceará state, the monitoring of Araripe sedimentary basin aquifers is important for the development of the region. In this scenario, the present work aimed to study the groundwater level through an exploratory analysis of time series. The study area covered the eastern portion of the Araripe sedimentary basin, in the municipality of Milagres, in Ceará state. As the object of this study, it was obtained the time series of monthly average groundwater levels in a monitoring well of RIMAS/CPRM and installed in the Middle Aquifer System. Graphical and numerical methods were applied for the identification and description of time series main characteristics. Precipitation data in the study area were used to evaluate the system recharge. Results were discussed according to the environmental aspects of the study area. As a result, it was possible the identification and description of time series patterns such as trend and seasonality through the applied methods. It is also highlighted the sharp drawdown of groundwater levels in long term in the time series, reflecting the quantitative state of the aquifer system, as well as the groundwater recharge during the rainy season of the region, evidenced by the study of time series seasonality together with the precipitation data..

Long-term changes in tree species composition in the Dinaric mountain forests of Slovenia

2003 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrej Boncina ◽  
Franc Gaspersic ◽  
Jurij Diaci
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Virgin Forest ◽  
Forest Remnant ◽  
The Impact

This study utilizes data from long-term research sites in managed fir-beech forests (Hrusica, Leskova dolina and Rog) and a virgin forest remnant (Rajhenav), used as a reference site. Data obtained from old forest management plans and forest inventories were analysed. The results of the study support the hypothesis that two main tree species—silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)—alternate site dominance. The causes of species dominance alternation include both natural processes and anthropogenic factors, in particular silvicultural practices and the impact of ungulates. More than a hundred years ago, European beech dominated stand volume. The proportion of silver fir increased until 1940–1970 when a gradual decrease started. All indicators suggest that the proportion of silver fir will decrease further in the coming decades. Key words: tree species composition alternation, diameter distribution, silver fir, European beech, forest history, forest planning, managed forests, virgin forest remnant

scholarly journals The effectiveness of canal blocking for hydrological restoration in tropical peatland

2019 ◽  
Vol 276 ◽  
pp. 06003
Author(s):  
Sigit Sutikno ◽  
Besri Nasrul ◽  
Haris Gunawan ◽  
Rachmad Jayadi ◽  
Rinaldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Tropical Peatland ◽  
Deep Wells ◽  
Peatland Restoration ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

The Peatland Restoration Agency of the Republic of Indonesia (BRG-RI), an agency that is mandated to restore 2 million hectares of degraded peatland by 2020, has developed a 3-R approach towards tackling the problem based on the program of rewetting, revegetation, and revitalization of livelihood for the peatlands restoration in Indonesia. The Rewetting program that aims to rehabilitate hydrologically a peatland to a near natural state is carried out by canal blocking, canal backfilling, and construction of deep wells. To know the progress of the restoration activities by BRG, it is very important to understand the effectiveness of canal blocking on rewetting of the tropical peatland. The effectiveness of canal blocking was investigated through the monitoring of groundwater level (GWL) fluctuation around the canal block. This study was carried out at a canal block that is located at the peatland of Sungai Tohor Village, Kepulauan Meranti Regency, Riau Province. For monitoring of GWL fluctuation as the impact of canal blocking, five dipwells were set at the peatland that are perpendicular to the canal with the distance of 20 m, 70 m, 120 m, 170 m, and 220 m respectively. The results of this study show that the impact of canal blocking could raise the water table in the peatland at the radius of about 170 m from the canal. The radius impact of the re-wetting might be bigger or smaller, that strongly depends on the hydrotopography situation of the area.

Groundwater levels under climate change in the Gnangara system, Western Australia

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian H. Gallardo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Good Correspondence ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Aquifer Systems ◽  
The Status ◽  
Rainfall Reduction ◽  
The Impact

The Gnangara system is the main source of freshwater for Perth, Western Australia. However, aquifers in the region are under severe stress due to a drying climate, intensive pumping and changes in land use. The aim of this study is to apply the mean rainfall cumulative deviation and Mann-Kendall analyses at 77 monitoring bores to investigate the response of the water table to key recharge components. This information is critical for setting new allocation limits and reviewing current policies in the region. Results show that overall there is a good correspondence between water levels and rainfall fluctuations. Areas of groundwater recharge are highly sensitive to climate change and have been severely affected by reduction in rainfall rates in recent years. Further, removal of pine plantations correlated well with a rise in groundwater levels although the effect seems to be temporary. The impact of pumping is mainly observed in vicinities of public-supply borefields. Elsewhere, water table trends show a relative stabilisation indicating that storage still exceeds the influence of rainfall reduction in areas dominated by through flow or groundwater discharge. The study contributes to update the status of the Gnangara groundwater resource, and provides new insights for the sustainable management of one of the main aquifer systems in Australia.

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