scholarly journals Ecosystem Organic Carbon Stock Estimations in the Sile River, North Eastern Italy

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Alessandro Buosi ◽  
Yari Tomio ◽  
Abdul-Salam Juhmani ◽  
Adriano Sfriso
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
River Ecosystem ◽  
Ecosystem Monitoring ◽  
River Ecosystems ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Global Carbon

River ecosystems are one of the dynamic components of the terrestrial carbon cycle that provide a crucial function in ecosystem processes and high value to ecosystem services. A large amount of carbon is transported from terrestrial to the ocean through river flows. In order to evaluate the contribution of Sile River ecosystem to the global carbon stock, the river ecosystem Organic Carbon (OC) stock was quantified for sediments and dominant submerged aquatic macrophytes (SAMs) during the two sampling periods at three different stations along the Sile River (North Eastern Italy). The total mean ecosystem OC stock was 95.2 ± 13.8 Mg C ha−1 while those of SAMs ranged from 7.0 to 10.9 Mg C ha−1 which accounted for approx. 10% of the total OC stock. The total aboveground biomass retains approx. 90% of the SAM carbon stock, with a mean of 8.9 ± 1.6 Mg C ha−1. The mean sediment OC stock was 86.6 ± 14.5 Mg C ha−1 with low seasonal variations among the sites. Indeed, various environmental parameters and hydrodynamics appear to affect the accumulation of OC within the river ecosystem. The results highlight the role that freshwater river ecosystems play in the global carbon cycle, which consequently provide a baseline for future river ecosystem monitoring programs. Furthermore, future studies with additional sites and seasonal surveys of the river will enhance our understanding of the effects of global climate change on the river ecosystem and improve the ecosystem services.

scholarly journals The Role of the Southern Ocean in Global Processes

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-361
Author(s):  
EBERHARD FAHRBACH
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Global Carbon Cycle ◽  
Climate System ◽  
Antarctic Water ◽  
Biogeochemical Processes ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Global Carbon

The limits of the Southern Ocean and its importance have been under debate for a long time. However, with growing knowledge, it has become obvious that the circum-Antarctic water belt is the defining limit and that the Southern Ocean plays an active and important role in the physical part of the global climate system, the global carbon cycle and biogeochemical processes.

scholarly journals Variation in carbon stock in litterfall, fine root and soil in Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn.) forests of eastern Nepal

Our Nature ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Prasad Bhattarai ◽  
Tej Narayan Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Fine Root Biomass ◽  
Organic Carbon Concentration ◽  
Sal Forest

Global climate change is a major problem generated by increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Forests and their soils are major sink of carbon and thus constitute an effective role in the global carbon cycle. Present study was conducted to quantify and compare the amount of carbon stock in litterfall, fine root and soil between Tarai Sal forest and Hill Sal forest of eastern Nepal. Carbon stock in litter and fine root was estimated by ash content method and in soil by multiplying the value of soil organic carbon, bulk density and soil depth. Carbon stock in litterfall was higher (3.94 Mg ha-1) in TSF than HSF (3.26 Mg ha-1) and in fine root (0-5 mm size) in 0-30 cm soil depth it was higher in HSF (2.76 Mg ha-1) than TSF (2.19 Mg ha-1). In soil (0-30 cm depth) the value was higher in HSF (58.23 Mg ha-1) than TSF (50.81Mg ha-1). Tarai Sal forest accumulated higher carbon stock in the litterfall and lower in fine root than Hill Sal forest which was mainly attributed to the amount of litterfall and fine root biomass rather than organic carbon concentration. In Tarai Sal forest the carbon stock in soil was relatively low than Hill Sal forest that may be due to the higher net uptake and mineralization of carbon in the situation of higher growth rate of plant. These outcomes verified that the forest plays important role for mitigation of global warming by storing the atmospheric carbon dioxide in plant parts and the soil. So, it concludes that conserving the considerable quantity of carbon in forests is inevitable for proper forest management.

Carbon cycle perturbation and mercury anomalies in terrestrial Oceanic Anoxic Event 1b from Jiuquan Basin, NW China

2022 ◽  
pp. SP521-2021-149
Author(s):  
Xiangdong Zhao ◽  
Daran Zheng ◽  
He Wang ◽  
Yanan Fang ◽  
Naihua Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Lacustrine Sediments ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Western Tethys ◽  
Oceanic Anoxic Event ◽  
Anoxic Event ◽  
Carbon Reservoir ◽  
Global Carbon

AbstractThe Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE) 1b is well documented in western Tethys, however, records in Eurasia are still lacking. Here, we carried out high-resolution organic carbon isotope (δ13Corg), total organic carbon (TOC) contents and mercury (Hg) concentrations analysis of the lacustrine sediments from the Xiagou and Zhonggou formations in the Hanxiagou section, Jiuquan Basin, northwestern China. The lacustrine δ13Corg curve presents three stages of negative excursions above the basalt layer dated at 112.4 ± 0.3 Ma in the lowermost Zhonggou Formation. The three negative δ13Corg excursions, well corresponded with the three subevents (Kilian, Paquier, and Leenhardt) of the OAE1b in Poggio le Guaine (central Italy), Vocontian Basin (SE France) and St Rosa Canyon (NE Mexico) sections, supporting the record of the terrestrial OAE 1b in the Jiuquan Basin. Five mercury enrichment (ME) intervals in Hg/TOC ratios were recognized, indicating that the pulsed volcanism from the southern Kerguelen Plateau likely triggered the OAE 1b. However, the decoupling between NIE shifts and mercury enrichments signifying other carbon reservoir (with no link to mercury) probably contributed to the global carbon cycle perturbation during the OAE 1b period. Our results provide direct evidence to link the OAE 1b and terrestrial ecosystem in the Eurasia.

scholarly journals Assessment of carbon stock and nutrient contents in soils of Northern and Eastern piedmont plains of Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-72
Author(s):  
R Islam ◽  
L Rahman ◽  
D Islam ◽  
A Kashem ◽  
A Satter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Carbon Trading ◽  
Ecological Zone ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Global Carbon

Under the changing climate documentation of soil carbon and nutrients is indispensable for sustainable crop production which is scarce in the agro-ecological zone (AEZ) of Northern and Eastern Piedmont Plains in Bangladesh. Therefore, the study was conducted collecting and analyzing a total of 240 soil samples considering 0-20 cm soil depth from two upazilas viz. Purbadhola and Akhaura under the mentioned AEZ to quantity carbon stock and nutrient contents of soils. Organic carbon stocks in soils of Purbadhola and Akhaura upazila were 45.97 and 97.04 Gg, respectively, while in the Northern and Eastern Piedmont Plains was 8.56 Tg. The soil pH was very strongly acidic to slightly acidic (4.4-5.8), organic carbon contents (0.53-1.31%) were very low to medium, while the overall soil fertility rated as very low to medium. Balanced fertilization using organic and inorganic sources in general and liming for upland crops might improve fertility and productive capacity of soils in the study area. The study opens up avenues to find out means and ways of increasing carbon contents in soils of Northern and Eastern Piedmont Plains and might help the policy makers to debate on future global carbon trading issues. SAARC J. Agri., 16(2): 61-72 (2018)

scholarly journals Characteristics and source tracing of organic carbon in intertidal sediments of wetland in Yangtze Estuary, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Yu ◽  
Weiwei Li ◽  
Changxu Han ◽  
Han Fang ◽  
Xingquan Shu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Suspended Particles ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Yangtze Estuary ◽  
Yangtze River Estuary ◽  
Marsh Vegetation

Abstract Background: Wetland ecosystem is characterized by water-land interaction and plays an important role in regional energy and material circulation. In the context of global climate change, the study of wetland carbon storage and carbon cycle has become a focus of academic attention. The characteristics of organic carbon in sediments and its source is a key problem in the study of carbon cycle in wetlands. Results: In this study, the characteristics of total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) accumulation, and stable carbon isotope (δ13C) in the vegetation and soil were investigated for the three dominant salt marsh vegetation Phragmites australis (PA), Spartina alterniflora (SA), Scirpus mariqueter (SM) of the coastal wetlands of Chongming Dongtan in the Yangtze River Estuary. The results showed that the mean value of TOC and TN concentrations in the surface sediments of wetland were 1.39 ± 0.34% and 0.091± 0.024%, respectively. The carbon stable isotope (δ13C) mean value of sediment was -24.17±1.51‰. The TOC of the sediment in the three saltmarsh plant communities was in the order of SA (1.76 ± 0.38%) > PA (1.45 ± 0.37%) > SM (0.96 ± 0.44%). The simulation results of the three end-member mixing equations showed that the organic carbon in sediments was mainly derived from suspended particles (42.44 ± 20.89%) and vegetation (34.50 ± 25.23%). The contribution rate of microalgae is lower (23.06 ± 4.62%). Conclusion: The organic carbon in sediments of wetland in Yangtze Estuary are the result of mixed input of terrestrial organic carbon and marine organic carbon. Organic carbon in sediments was mainly derived from suspended particles and vegetations. The results provide preliminary knowledge of the distribution and sources of sedimentary organic carbon for better understanding the sediment transport and deposition in this region.

scholarly journals ABOUT ROLE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN CARBON TURNOVER

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 76-87
Author(s):  
A. A. Ivlev
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Subduction Zone ◽  
Global Carbon Cycle ◽  
Carbon Turnover ◽  
Sedimentary Organic Carbon ◽  
Lithospheric Plates ◽  
Global Carbon

The article considers the model of the global carbon cycle, in which photosynthesis is one of the key elements. The model itself is considered as the transition of carbon from the oxidized state to the reduced one and back. This transition is carried out by photosynthesis. The main oxidation of sedimentary organic carbon and its transition to an oxidized form is carried out by means of a natural reaction of thermochemical sulfate reduction, which occurs in the subduction zone (the zone of collision of lithospheric plates). A number of natural facts substantiating some key provisions of the model are given.

scholarly journals Increasing Autochthonous Production in Inland Waters as a Contributor to the Missing Carbon Sink

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaihua Liu ◽  
Hao Yan ◽  
Sibo Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Global Carbon Cycle ◽  
Inland Waters ◽  
Organic Carbon Burial ◽  
Missing Carbon Sink ◽  
Organic Carbon Storage ◽  
Autochthonous Production ◽  
Global Carbon

Accounting for the residual land sink (or missing carbon sink) has become a major budget focus for global carbon cycle modelers. If we are not able to account for the past and current sources and sinks, we cannot make accurate predictions about future storage of fossil fuel combustion emissions of carbon in the terrestrial biosphere. Here, we show that the autochthonous production (AP) in inland waters appears to have been strengthening in response to changes in climate and land use, as evidenced by decreasing CO2 emissions from and increasing dissolved organic carbon storage and/or organic carbon burial in inland waters during recent decades. The increasing AP may be due chiefly to increasing aquatic photosynthesis caused by global warming and intensifying human activities. We estimate that the missing carbon sink associated with the strengthening AP in inland waters may range from 0.38 to 1.8 Gt C yr-1 with large uncertainties. Our study stresses the potential role that AP may play in the further evolution of the global carbon cycle. Quantitative estimates of future freshwater AP effects on the carbon cycle may also help to guide the action needed to reduce carbon emissions, and increase carbon sinks in terrestrial aquatic ecosystems.

scholarly journals First pan-Arctic assessment of dissolved organic carbon in lakes of the permafrost region

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 3917-3936
Author(s):  
Lydia Stolpmann ◽  
Caroline Coch ◽  
Anne Morgenstern ◽  
Julia Boike ◽  
Michael Fritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Global Carbon Cycle ◽  
Doc Concentration ◽  
Global Carbon ◽  
Permafrost Regions

Abstract. Lakes in permafrost regions are dynamic landscape components and play an important role for climate change feedbacks. Lake processes such as mineralization and flocculation of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), one of the main carbon fractions in lakes, contribute to the greenhouse effect and are part of the global carbon cycle. These processes are in the focus of climate research, but studies so far are limited to specific study regions. In our synthesis, we analyzed 2167 water samples from 1833 lakes across the Arctic in permafrost regions of Alaska, Canada, Greenland, and Siberia to provide first pan-Arctic insights for linkages between DOC concentrations and the environment. Using published data and unpublished datasets from the author team, we report regional DOC differences linked to latitude, permafrost zones, ecoregions, geology, near-surface soil organic carbon contents, and ground ice classification of each lake region. The lake DOC concentrations in our dataset range from 0 to 1130 mg L−1 (10.8 mg L−1 median DOC concentration). Regarding the permafrost regions of our synthesis, we found median lake DOC concentrations of 12.4 mg L−1 (Siberia), 12.3 mg L−1 (Alaska), 10.3 mg L−1 (Greenland), and 4.5 mg L−1 (Canada). Our synthesis shows a significant relationship between lake DOC concentration and lake ecoregion. We found higher lake DOC concentrations at boreal permafrost sites compared to tundra sites. We found significantly higher DOC concentrations in lakes in regions with ice-rich syngenetic permafrost deposits (yedoma) compared to non-yedoma lakes and a weak but significant relationship between soil organic carbon content and lake DOC concentration as well as between ground ice content and lake DOC. Our pan-Arctic dataset shows that the DOC concentration of a lake depends on its environmental properties, especially on permafrost extent and ecoregion, as well as vegetation, which is the most important driver of lake DOC in this study. This new dataset will be fundamental to quantify a pan-Arctic lake DOC pool for estimations of the impact of lake DOC on the global carbon cycle and climate change.

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