scholarly journals Surface-Water Quality of the Gulf of Papagayo, North Pacific, Costa Rica

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 2324
Author(s):  
Ana Y. Saravia-Arguedas ◽  
Hannia Vega-Bolaños ◽  
José Mauro Vargas-Hernández ◽  
Andrea Suárez-Serrano ◽  
Luis Sierra-Sierra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Starting Point

In recent years, the northwestern part of the North Pacific areas of Costa Rica has undergone rapid socioeconomic development. This situation, combined with the scarce available information about the water quality of the Gulf of Papagayo, became the starting point to carry out a study to investigate the spatiotemporal variations of physicochemical and biological parameters of surface waters. Seven samplings were collected during the dry season and the rainy season from October 2016 to February 2018. Water quality parameters such as: temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and chlorophyll a of six analytes: nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, phosphate, silicate and biological oxygen demand were measured. The results showed that phosphate and ammonium levels were lower during the rainy season (<6 µg P-PO4−3 L−1–9.53 µg P-PO4−3 L−1 and <11 µg N-NH4+ L−1–9.57 µg N-NH4+ L−1) than during the dry season (<6 µg P-PO4−3 L−1–13.64 µg P-PO4−3 L−1 and <11 µg N-NH4+ L−1–14.43 µg N-NH4+ L−1), which may be related to low rainfall (0, 00–26, 16 mm) during the sampling period. The dry season showed enrichment of ammonium, phosphate, and chlorophyll a due to the influence of the coastal upwelling for the intensification of the Papagayo winds from December to March. The physical, chemical, and biological indicators demonstrated that the Gulf waters had adequate quality. Nonetheless, there are specific areas such as Culebra Bay with conditions that could show deterioration of water quality.

scholarly journals ĐẶC ĐIỂM PHÂN BỐ CÁC MUỐI DINH DƯỠNG TRONG NƯỚC ĐẦM Ô LOAN, TỈNH PHÚ YÊN (2012-2014)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
Le Thi Vinh ◽  
Nguyen Hong Thu ◽  
Pham Huu Tam ◽  
Le Trong Dung
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Increasing Trend

The results of three surveys in the O Loan lagoon in the dry season (April 2013) and the rainy season (December 2012 and December 2014) showed that in the rainy season the average concentrations of nutrients in waters (ammonium: 76.8 μgN/l, nitrite: 13.9 μgN/l, nitrate: 55 μgN/l and silicate: 4021 μgSi/l) tended to be higher than those in the dry season (ammonium: 6.0 μgN/l, nitrite: 2.6 μgN/L, nitrate: 35 μgN/l and silicate: 1973 μgSi/l) while phosphate concentraiton did not differ between the two seasons with an average concentration of 66.8 μgP/l in rainy season and 60 μgP/L in dry season. By space, the concentrations of nutrients except nitrate in the lagoon, especially in the southern part, were usually higher than those in the canal connected to the sea. At O Loan lagoon waters, only ammonium (mainly in the southern part of the lagoon) and nitrate (mainly in the canal and southern part of the lagoon) concentrations were higher than the criteria values in the rainy season (December 2014) with pollution coefficient of about 1.2. However, the water quality of O Loan lagoon regarding nutrients always still needs to be monitored because from 1992 to the surveyed time, the concentrations of nutrients containing nitrogen and phosphate had the increasing trend in both seasons.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals Assessment of Abattoir Effluent on Surface Water Quality of River Katsina-Ala of Benue State, Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 90-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Addy Jose Vershima ◽  
Kabough Jonathan Terkimbi ◽  
Azua Terese ◽  
Aliyu Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Heavy Metal Content

Water samples of six sampling sites (two downstream, two abattoir sites and two upstream sites) were analyzed using standard methods to determined and assessed heavy metal content of abattoir effluent on surface water quality of River Katsina-Ala, Benue State, Nigeria for rainy and dry seasons. Rainy season heavy metals results were; Cr6+ (0.032+0.06mg/l); Mn2+ (0.16+0.034mg/l); Cu2+ (0.86 +0.46mg/l); Pb2+(0.006+0.002mg/;Cd2+(0.0023+0.004mg/l) and the dry season results were: Cr6+(0.028+0.007mg/l); Mn2+(0.07+0.05mg/l); Cu2+(0.85+0.16mg/l); Pb2+(0.0030+0.014mg/l); Cd2+(0.0021+0.012mg/). Most heavy metals for both seasons were within the maximum permissible limit set by Federal Ministry of Environment, Nigeria (1991). The mean concentrations of Zn2+(1.70+0.29 mg/l) for rainy season and Zn2+(1.33+0.23mg/l) dry season were above the control and standard safe limits of < 1mg/l FMEnv (1991) for surface water quality. There was no significance difference (p<0.05) between the means from upstream and downstream sites for both seasons; though significance difference (p<0.05) existed at the abattoir sites. River Katsina –ala is slightly polluted. Heavy metal content from effluents from abattoir contributed to upset the physicochemical balance of the river. Bioaccumulation and bio-magnification of heavy metals may occur from prolong usage of the river water for drinking. It is suggested that the abattoir effluent be treated before discharge into the river to reduce environmental and health hazards.

scholarly journals Quality Assessment of Drinking Well Water near Dumpsite at Ogidi-Oloje Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-328
Author(s):  
K.O. Yusuf ◽  
I.B. Sadiku ◽  
O.S. Abioye
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
And Control

This study was conducted to determine the quality of drinking well water near dumpsite at Ogidi-Oloje, Ilorin, Kwara State. Open wells near dumpsite could be polluted due to percolation of chemicals from the decomposition of refuse and scraps of electronic boards having potential of causing diseases to man. Most people at Ogidi-Oloje Ilorin depend on open wells near dumpsite for drinking water during dry season. Water samples were collected from seven open wells (W1 - W6) 9.2 - 18.2 m away from dumpsite and the control well W7 was 45.0 m away from the dumpsite. Physicochemical and bacteriological properties were determined from the water samples during dry season (March, 2019) and rainy season (July, 2019). Phosphate, Cadmium, Lead, Feacal coliform were not detected during dry season but only Feacal coliform was not detected in the water during rainy season. All the values of physicochemical properties of the water were within WHO permissible limits except Iron and Cadmium that above the limits which could cause diseases to mankind. Values of Iron during dry season for six well sources were 3.61, 4.02, 4.26, 3.25, 5.14 and 7.24 mg/L while values for rainy season and control were 0.715, 1.410, 0.650, 0.049, 0.780, 1.110 and 0.775 mg/L(control) but WHO limits is 0.03mg/L. Concentrations of Cadmium in the water during rainy season were 0.010, 0.015, 0.015, 0.020, 0.015, 0.015 and 0.02mg/L(control) but WHO limit is 0.003 mg/L. This study revealed that the water is suitable for consumption during dry season but unsuitable during rainy season. Keywords: well water quality, groundwater pollution, water diseases, dumpsite

scholarly journals Assessing the Influence of Water Management and Rainfall Seasonality on Water Quality and Intestinal Parasitism in Rural Northeastern Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Pessoa Dias ◽  
Deiviane Calegar ◽  
Filipe Anibal Carvalho-Costa ◽  
Maria de Fátima Leal Alencar ◽  
Caroline Ferraz Ignacio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid

Introduction. The drought in the Brazilian semiarid region has affected the quality of water. This study assessed the relationships between enteric parasitoses, water management, and water quality, correlating them with pluviometric seasonality.Methods. Cross-sectional surveys were carried out in four rural communities at the beginning of the dry season (n=151), at the end of the dry season (n=184), and in the rainy season (n=199), in order to collect sociodemographic data, human fecal samples, and samples of the water used for human consumption for physicochemical and microbiological analyses. In 2015, water filters were provided to 30 households under study.Results. There was an increasing trend in detection rates of commensal protozoa and theEntamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba disparcomplex at the beginning of the rainy season, with detection rates of 6% in 2014 and 21.6% in 2016.Giardia intestinalisandAscaris lumbricoidespresented distinct temporal distributions, which peaked in 2015: 20.1% and 30%, respectively. The proportion of inhabitants drinking inadequate water was 55% at the beginning of the dry season and 28.8% at the end of the dry season, reaching 70.9% at the beginning of the rainy season. The presence of filters reduced this proportion among those who received the hollow ceramic candle filter.Conclusions. Data suggest that the strategies to increase water supply in the Brazilian semiarid region can be ameliorated in order to improve the quality of drinking water.

scholarly journals Seasonal assessment of drinking water sources in Rwanda using GIS, contamination degree (Cd), and metal index (MI)

2019 ◽  
Vol 191 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentine Mukanyandwi ◽  
Alishir Kurban ◽  
Egide Hakorimana ◽  
Lamek Nahayo ◽  
Gabriel Habiyaremye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Contamination Degree ◽  
Drinking Water Sources ◽  
Metal Index

Abstract The quality of drinking water source remains as a major concern in areas of developing and underdeveloped countries worldwide. The treatment and supply of drinking water in Rwanda are carried out by Water and Sanitation Corporation, a state-owned public company. However, it is not able to supply water to all households. Consequently, the non-serviced households depend on natural water sources, like springs, to meet their water requirements. Nevertheless, the water quality in these springs is scarcely known. Therefore, this study assessed and compared metal elements in drinking water sources in the dry and rainy seasons in 2017 using the contamination degree, metal index, and geographic information systems to reveal the spatial distribution of water quality within the considered water sources of springs in Rwanda. The samples were collected monthly from nine water sources of springs and the measured elements are aluminium, calcium, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc. The metal index indicated that during the dry season and rainy season, the sites of Kibungo (1.10 and 1.26) and Kinigi (1.01 and 1.54) have assessed a metal index which is higher than 1. Thus, the water quality of those sites was getting the threshold of warning. The analysis indicated that pollutants are easily transported into water bodies during the rainy season in urban and rural areas to a greater extent than during the dry season .

Water Quality From Gualaxo Do Norte And Carmo Rivers (Minas Gerais, Brazil) After The Fundão Dam Failure

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Brandão Nogueira ◽  
Sabriny Melo Sousa ◽  
Camila Gonçalves Lobo Santos ◽  
Gustavo Simões Araújo ◽  
Laser Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Dam Failure ◽  
Subsistence Farming ◽  
Environmental Disaster ◽  
Uncertain Future ◽  
Toxic Potential

Mining waste is rich in trace elements, which present a high toxic potential and may represent a risk for aquatic ecosystems. The Fundão dam failure, considered the largest environmental disaster in the world, affected 663.2 km of watercourses, including Carmo and Gualaxo do Norte Rivers. The ore tail also affected the riverside communities, destroying villages, killing people and affecting the subsistence farming. To evaluate the influence of the mine tailing wave on the water quality of the Carmo and Gualaxo do Norte Rivers water samples were collected at nine points located in Barra Longa during the rainy season. Physicochemical parameters (conductivity, resistivity, EH, total dissolved solids, pH and temperature) and major, minor and trace elements concentrations (Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Sc, Sr, V, Zn, As, Pb, Al, Fe, Mn, Ca, K, Mg and P) were evaluated and compared with previous studies and conformity limits established by a national resolution (CONAMA Resolution N°357/2005). Only conductivity, Fe and Mn presented non-conformity values according to CONAMA Resolution N°357/2005. These results may be related not only to the dam burst but also to the rainy season and non-detectable pollution sources. Furthermore, the decreased levels in the toxic elements in the rivers over time, may be related to its association with sediments in addition to their flux to the Atlantic Ocean. Thus, after nearly six years, the environmental and social impacts are still alive and the minerals dragged to the riverbed could bring cumulative effects for the entire environment what means an uncertain future to the Rio Doce Basin and adjacent coastal zone.

scholarly journals Trophic State Evaluation of Jackson Lake in Grand Teton National Park

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 39-41
Author(s):  
Woodruff Miller
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
National Park ◽  
Trophic State ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Grand Teton National Park ◽  
State Evaluation ◽  
June July

This study is the continuation of an evaluation of the trophic state of lakes located in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming. The original 1995 study was motivated by concern that the water quality of the lakes within the Park may be declining due to increased human usage over the past several years. A trophic state evaluation, featuring nutrient and chlorophyll-a analyses, was chosen because it is believed to be a sound indicator of the lakes' overall water quality. In this 1996 study, a thorough evaluation was made of Jackson Lake. This summary is taken from the complete 100 page report which is available from Woodruff Miller at Brigham Young University or Hank Harlow at the University of Wyoming. In most cases water samples were taken four times during the summer of 1996, in June, July, August, and October. Jackson Lake was sampled at eight different locations on thesurface and at depths near the bottom. The lake inlet and outlet were also sampled four times. Jackson Lake was sampled from a motor boat which also provided a means to measure the lake transparency and depth. The chlorophyll-a and nutrient concentrations were analyzed by the Utah State Health Department, Division of Laboratory Services. Jackson Lake was evaluated using the models of Carlson, Vollenweider, and Larsen­Mercier. The nature of the Larsen-Mercier and Vollenweider models, based on system inflow and outflow data, is such that they yield one trophic state assessment of the lake per inflow and outflow sample set. The Carlson Trophic State Indices (TSI), on the other hand, are based on in situ properties of the water at any point in the lake. Consequently, while there are four Vollenweider and four Larsen-Mercier evaluations for Jackson Lake, individual Carlson evaluations were made for the eight sample sites around the lake at the surface and at depth, and an evaluation for the lake as a whole was constructed using averages taken from the site evaluations. This allowed us to examine the relative water quality of different portions of the lake at different time periods.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal evaluation of physicochemical quality of drinking/using water in Kırklareli Reservoir (Turkish Thrace)

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-74
Author(s):  
Hüseyin Güher ◽  
Burak Öterler ◽  
Belgin Elipek ◽  
Okan Yeler ◽  
Gazel Aydin
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Control ◽  
Control Regulation ◽  
Freshwater Resource

K?rklareli Reservoir locating in Meri?-Ergene River Basin is an important drinking/using a freshwater resource of K?rklareli Province. In order to ensure the sustainable use of this important reservoir, its current situation should be examined periodically and evaluated by multivariate analyses. For this reason, the water samples were taken between the dates April 2018 and February 2019 at monthly intervals from 3 different stations. The data of environmental and physicochemical variables (water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, conductivity, total dissolved solids, Chlorophyll-a, light permeability, fluoride, chloride, NO2-N, NO3-N, PO4, SO4, and essential/potentially toxic elements) measured and evaluated according to the classes in surface water quality control regulation of Turkey. The parameters exceeding first-class water quality values (chlorophyll-a, pH, NO2-N, chloride, selenium) were mapped in GIS using Spline integration approach. Also, Sodium Absorbtion Ratio, Kelly Index Values, and Magnesium Ratio, were calculated to evaluate the water quality for agricultural irrigation water standards. The water quality of the reservoir was evaluated by using multivariance analyses (Bray-Curtis Similarity Index, Correspondence Analyses, Pearson Correlation Index). As a result, it was emphasized that using GIS approach is a potential useful method of monitoring the sustainable water quality of K?rklareli reservoir which is determined to have an oligomesotrophic character.

scholarly journals Limnological characteristics of a reservoir in semiarid Northeastern Brazil subject to intensive tilapia farming (Orechromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758)

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Artur Valões Bezerra ◽  
Walt Disney Paulino ◽  
Danielle Sequeira Garcez ◽  
Helena Becker ◽  
Jorge Iván Sánchez-Botero
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
T Test ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Chemical Variability ◽  
Physical And Chemical

AIM: There is currently no consensus regarding the physical and chemical variability of tropical reservoirs. In semiarid Northeastern Brazil, reservoirs are among other things used for human consumption, industrial water supply and intensive fish farming, all of which can impact water quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical and chemical variability of the water in Sítios Novos, a reservoir in semiarid Northeastern Brazil, comparing samples collected in areas of intensive tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) farming to samples from areas not directly impacted by aquaculture, in both the dry and the rainy season. METHODS: Between October 2010 and July 2011, data were collected on temperature, conductivity, pH, turbidity, salinity, chlorophyll a, dissolved oxygen, oxygen demand, total phosphorus and total nitrogen levels in the water column using a multiparametric probe at four different sampling locations. Physical and chemical differences between the four locations were evaluated with the Kruskal-Wallis (KW) test and Dunn's post test, while the t test, followed by Welchʼs correction, was used to compare samples collected in different seasons. RESULTS: No influence of intensive aquaculture was detected when comparing sampling locations near fish farms (180C and 300C) to locations not directly impacted by aquaculture (LIMN1, near the dam, and LIMN2, near the debouch of the São Gonçalo river). However, the sampling locations differed significantly (p<0.05) with regard to conductivity, pH, turbidity and chlorophyll a levels. CONCLUSIONS: The physical and chemical variability was greater between seasons than between locations when the data were analyzed with the t test. That analysis showed significant differences for 22 of 40 comparisons between the 10 physical and chemical parameters in the two seasons at the four sampling locations. In conclusion, the physical and chemical variability registered for the Sítios Novos reservoir throughout the study period indicates morphometric, meteorological and hydrological heterogeneity, with emphasis on the differences between LIMN2 and the other three sampling locations and between the rainy season and the dry season. According to the calculated trophic status index, the reservoir is supereutrophic in the rainy season and supereutrophic to hypereutrophic in the dry season.

scholarly journals Aquatic Macro-invertebrates as Bio-indicators: An Approach for Wetland Water Quality Assessment of Rampur Ghol, Chitwan, Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
Birendra Gautam ◽  
Rejina Maskey ◽  
Ramesh Prasad Sapkota ◽  
Dharma Raj Dangol
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Quality Class ◽  
Evenness Index ◽  
Index Value

The present research was conducted to study seasonal limnological parameters and record composition pattern of aquatic macro-invertebrates of the Rampur Ghol. GRS-BIOS/ASPT index was used to calculate the water quality class, Shannon Weiner diversity index (H’) and Piélou evenness index (e) were used to determine taxa richness of the macroinvertebrates. Altogether 281 individuals of 14 families and 313 individuals of 18 families were recorded in dry season and rainy season, respectively. Similarly, diversity index and evenness index values were recorded 0.98 and 0.85 in dry season; 1.075 and 0.86 in rainy season. On the basis of different aquatic macro-invertebrates, GRS-BIOS/ASPT Index value of four sampling sites fall in class II (moderately polluted), four sampling sites belong to water quality class IIIII (critically polluted) and remaining two sampling sites belong to water quality class III (heavily polluted). Similarly, in rainy season seven sites fall in water quality class II (moderately polluted) and three sampling sites belong to water quality class II-III (critically polluted).Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2014, 19(2): 58-64

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