scholarly journals Two Mechanisms of Earthquake-Induced Hydrochemical Variations in an Observation Well

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 2385
Author(s):  
Zhihua Zhou ◽  
Jun Zhong ◽  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Rui Yan ◽  
Lei Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Co2 Injection ◽  
Observation Well ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Regional Strain ◽  
Groundwater Mixing ◽  
Gps Velocity Field ◽  
Large Earthquakes ◽  
Regional Earthquake ◽  
Co2 Release

Due to frequent large earthquakes in the Lanping-Simao fault basin—located in China’s Yunnan Province—the Simao observation well has observed groundwater discharge, as well as Ca2+, Mg2+, and HCO3− concentrations every day between 2001–2018. Over 18 years of observations, M ≥ 5.6 earthquakes within a radius of 380 km from the well were seen to cause hydrochemical variations. In this study, we investigated CO2 release and groundwater mixing as possible causes of regional earthquake precursors, which were caused by the characteristics of the regional structure, lithology, water-rock reactions, and a GPS velocity field. Precursory signals due to CO2 injection are normally short-term changes that take two months. However, groundwater mixing linked to earthquakes was found to take, at the earliest, 15 months. The proportion of shallow water that contributes to mixing was found to significantly increase gradually with the stronger regional strain. These finding delineate the two mechanisms of earthquake-induced hydrochemical variations in an observation well, and would contribute to a better understanding of chemical changes before events in the Simao basin.

scholarly journals In Salah CO2 injection modeling: A preliminary approach to predict short term reservoir behavior

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 3574-3581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Deflandre ◽  
Audrey Estublier ◽  
Axelle Baroni ◽  
Jean-Marc Daniel ◽  
Florence Adjémian
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Injection ◽  
Short Term

Insight on the results of three different correlation analyses between satellite TIR anomalies and earthquake occurrence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Filizzola ◽  
Roberto Colonna ◽  
Alexander Eleftheriou ◽  
Nicola Genzano ◽  
Katsumi Hattori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
International Workshop ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Correlation Analyses ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Casual Relation ◽  
Large Earthquakes

<p>In order to evaluate the potentiality of the parameter “RST-based satellite TIR anomalies” in relation with earthquake (M≥4) occurrence, in recent years we performed three long-term statistical correlation analyses on different seismically active areas, such as Greece (Eleftheriou et al., 2016), Italy (Genzano et al., 2020), and Japan (Genzano et al., 2021).</p><p>With this aim, by means of the RST (Robust Satellite Techniques; Tramutoli, 1998, 2007) approach we analysed ten-year time series of satellite images collected by the SEVIRI sensor (on board the MSG platforms) over Greece (2004-2013) and Italy (2004-2014), and by the JAMI and IMAGER sensors (on board the MTSAT satellites) over Japan (2005-2015).  By applying empirical spatial-temporal rules, which are established also taking account of the physical models up to now proposed to explain seismic TIR anomaly appearances, the performed long -term correlation analyses put in relief that a non-casual relation exists between satellite TIR anomalies and the occurrence of earthquakes.</p><p>At the same time, in the carried out studies we introduced and validated refinements and improvements to the RST approach, which are able to minimize the proliferation of the false positives (i.e. TIR anomalies independent from the seismic sources, but due to other causes such as meteorological factors).    </p><p>Here, we summarize the achieved results and discuss them from the perspective of a multi-parameter system, which could improve our present knowledge on the earthquake-related processes and increase our capacity to assess the seismic hazard in the medium-short term (months to days).</p><p> </p><p>References</p><p>Eleftheriou, A., C. Filizzola, N. Genzano, T. Lacava, M. Lisi, R. Paciello, N. Pergola, F. Vallianatos, and V. Tramutoli (2016), Long-Term RST Analysis of Anomalous TIR Sequences in Relation with Earthquakes Occurred in Greece in the Period 2004–2013, Pure Appl. Geophys., 173(1), 285–303, doi:10.1007/s00024-015-1116-8.</p><p>Genzano, N., C. Filizzola, M. Lisi, N. Pergola, and V. Tramutoli (2020), Toward the development of a multi parametric system for a short-term assessment of the seismic hazard in Italy, Ann. Geophys, 63, 5, PA550, doi:10.4401/ag-8227.</p><p>Genzano, N., C. Filizzola, K. Hattori, N. Pergola, and V. Tramutoli (2021), Statistical correlation analysis between thermal infrared anomalies observed from MTSATs and large earthquakes occurred in Japan (2005 - 2015), Journal of Geophysics Research – Solid Earth, doi: 10.1029/2020JB020108 (accepted).</p><p>Tramutoli, V. (1998), Robust AVHRR Techniques (RAT) for Environmental Monitoring: theory and applications, in Proceedings of SPIE, vol. 3496, edited by E. Zilioli, pp. 101–113, doi: 10.1117/12.332714</p><p>Tramutoli, V. (2007), Robust Satellite Techniques (RST) for Natural and Environmental Hazards Monitoring and Mitigation: Theory and Applications, in 2007 International Workshop on the Analysis of Multi-temporal Remote Sensing Images, pp. 1–6, IEEE. doi: 10.1109/MULTITEMP.2007.4293057</p>

scholarly journals Foreshocks and short-term hazard assessment of large earthquakes using complex networks: the case of the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Daskalaki ◽  
Konstantinos Spiliotis ◽  
Constantinos Siettos ◽  
Georgios Minadakis ◽  
Gerassimos A. Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Betweenness Centrality ◽  
Small World ◽  
Clustering Coefficient ◽  
Earthquake Catalog ◽  
Short Term ◽  
2009 L’Aquila Earthquake ◽  
Topological Measures ◽  
Network Properties ◽  
Large Earthquakes

Abstract. The monitoring of statistical network properties could be useful for the short-term hazard assessment of the occurrence of mainshocks in the presence of foreshocks. Using successive connections between events acquired from the earthquake catalog of the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) for the case of the L'Aquila (Italy) mainshock (Mw = 6.3) of 6 April 2009, we provide evidence that network measures, both global (average clustering coefficient, small-world index) and local (betweenness centrality) ones, could potentially be exploited for forecasting purposes both in time and space. Our results reveal statistically significant increases in the topological measures and a nucleation of the betweenness centrality around the location of the epicenter about 2 months before the mainshock. The results of the analysis are robust even when considering either large or off-centered the main event space windows.

Short-term biochar-induced increase in soil CO2 release is both biotically and abiotically mediated

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1723-1731 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.L. Jones ◽  
D.V. Murphy ◽  
M. Khalid ◽  
W. Ahmad ◽  
G. Edwards-Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Co2 Release

scholarly journals Short-Term Interaction between Silent and Devastating Earthquakes in Mexico

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor Cruz-Atienza ◽  
Josué Tago ◽  
Carlos Villafuerte ◽  
Meng Wei ◽  
Ricardo Garza-Girón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Slow Slip ◽  
Aseismic Slip ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Plate Interface ◽  
Slow Slip Events ◽  
Large Earthquakes

Abstract Triggering of large earthquakes on a fault that hosts aseismic slip or, conversely, triggering of slow slip events (SSE) by passing seismic waves involves seismological questions with major hazard implications. Just a few observations plausibly suggest that such interactions actually happen in nature. In this study we show that three recent devastating earthquakes in Mexico are likely related to SSEs, describing a cascade of events interacting with each other on a regional scale via quasi-static and/or dynamic perturbations. Such interaction seems to be conditioned by the transient memory of Earth materials subject to the “traumatic” stressing produced by the seismic waves of the great Mw8.2 Tehuantepec earthquake, which strongly disturbed the aseismic beating over a 650 km long segment of the subduction plate interface. Our results imply that seismic hazard in large populated areas is a short-term evolving function of seismotectonic processes that are often observable.

scholarly journals Short-term interaction between silent and devastating earthquakes in Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Cruz-Atienza ◽  
J. Tago ◽  
C. Villafuerte ◽  
M. Wei ◽  
R. Garza-Girón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Slow Slip ◽  
Aseismic Slip ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Plate Interface ◽  
Slow Slip Events ◽  
Large Earthquakes

AbstractEither the triggering of large earthquakes on a fault hosting aseismic slip or the triggering of slow slip events (SSE) by passing seismic waves involve seismological questions with important hazard implications. Just a few observations plausibly suggest that such interactions actually happen in nature. In this study we show that three recent devastating earthquakes in Mexico are likely related to SSEs, describing a cascade of events interacting with each other on a regional scale via quasi-static and/or dynamic perturbations across the states of Guerrero and Oaxaca. Such interaction seems to be conditioned by the transient memory of Earth materials subject to the “traumatic” stress produced by seismic waves of the great 2017 (Mw8.2) Tehuantepec earthquake, which strongly disturbed the SSE cycles over a 650 km long segment of the subduction plate interface. Our results imply that seismic hazard in large populated areas is a short-term evolving function of seismotectonic processes that are often observable.

scholarly journals Palaeo-earthquake magnitudes on the Dzhungarian fault, N. Tien shan, and implications for the rupture processes of intraplate strike-slip faults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Hsin Tsai ◽  
Richard Walker ◽  
Simon Daout ◽  
Kanatbek Abdrakhmatov ◽  
Aidyn Mukambayev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kinematic Model ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Lithospheric Deformation ◽  
Large Earthquakes ◽  
Northern Tien Shan ◽  
Fault Length

<p>Long-term and present-day crustal deformation in the northern Tien Shan is poorly known, but is a key to understanding the mode of lithospheric deformation deep within the continental interiors, as well as the hazards posed by the slow-moving intraplate faults. Driven by the India-Asia collision, the NW-SE strike-slip faults and the E-W range-front thrust faults in the interior of Tien Shan together accommodate about 15-20 mm/yr of shortening. Here we focus on the NW-SE striking Dzhungarian fault (DZF) and the E-W striking Lepsy fault (LPF), which are large oblique strike-slip faults bounding the Dzhungarian Alatau, northern Tien Shan. Two large historical earthquakes in ~1716 and 1812 (Mw 8) were recorded in this region, and clear fault traces as well as scarps are visible from satellite images along some of the main faults. However, their geometries, slip rates, mode of deformation, expected earthquake magnitudes and recurrence interval have not been studied in details. A previous study suggested that the LPF ruptured in a seismic event around 400 yrBP that might be the 1716 earthquake known from historical records. Offsets of over 15 m were found over a fault length of 120 km, indicating a magnitude in the range Mw 7.5-8.2. The slip to length ratio for the LPF is unusally high, suggesting either that faults in this region are capable of generating very large earthquakes for a given fault length, or that the rupture length is underestimated.</p><p>Using a combination of high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) and orthophotos from High Mountain Asia (NASA), Pleiades optical imagery (CNES), drone photos and multi-temporal interferometric synthetic-aperture radar (InSAR) from the Sentinel-1 satellites, we identify the geomorphic signatures and quantify the long-term and short-term strain accumulation along the faults. The ~400 km DZF shows evidence for relatively ‘fresh’ rupturing along much of its length. We calculate an average lateral slip per event of 9.9 m from offset stacking analysis, which underlines the potential future large earthquakes on this fault. The proximity of the DZF and LPF ruptures and equivalent level of preservation opens the possibility that they were formed in a single earthquake event, with a moment-magnitude greater than 8. We also present estimates of long-term and short-term rates of slip across the DZF in order to estimate average recurrence intervals and to build a kinematic model of the faulting in the Northern Tien Shan.</p>

scholarly journals Atmospheric and ionospheric coupling phenomena related to large earthquakes

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Parrot ◽  
V. Tramutoli ◽  
Tiger J. Y. Liu ◽  
S. Pulinets ◽  
D. Ouzounov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longwave Radiation ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
Electron Content ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Total Electron ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Global Ionospheric Maps ◽  
Large Earthquakes ◽  
Coupling Phenomena

Abstract. This paper explores multi-instrument space-borne observations in order to validate physical concepts of Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling (LAIC) in relation to major seismic events. In this study we apply already validated observation to identify atmospheric and ionospheric precursors associated with some of recent most destructive earthquakes: M8.6 of March 25, 2005 and M8.5 September 15, 2007 in Sumatra, and M7.9 May 12, 2008 in Wenchuan, China. New investigations are also presented concerning these three earthquakes and for the M7.3 March 2008 in the Xinjiang-Xizang border region, China (the Yutian earthquake). It concerns the ionospheric density, the Global Ionospheric Maps (GIM) of the Total Electron Content (TEC), the Thermal Infra-Red (TIR) anomalies, and the Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) data. It is shown that all these anomalies are identified as short-term precursors, which can be explained by the LAIC concept proposed by Pulinets and Ouzounov (2011).

scholarly journals A stress test to evaluate the usefulness of Akaike information criterion in short-term earthquake prediction

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Tozzi ◽  
Fabrizio Masci ◽  
Michael Pezzopane
Keyword(s):  
Akaike Information Criterion ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Local Times ◽  
Electron Content ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Total Electron ◽  
Scientific Debate ◽  
Large Earthquakes

AbstractAkaike information criterion (AIC) has been recently adopted to identify possible earthquake precursors in ionospheric total electron content (TEC). According to the authors of this methodology, their technique allows finding abrupt increases (positive breaks) in vertical TEC rate of change 25–80 min before the occurrence of large earthquakes, highlighting a promising implication of AIC method in Mw > 8 earthquakes alert strategies. Due to the relevance of this matter, a lively scientific debate ensued from these results. In this study, we carefully evaluate AIC method potentiality in searching earthquake TEC precursory signatures. We first investigate the dependence of the detected breaks number on the adjustable AIC method parameters. Then, we show that breaks occurrence clusters around specific local times and around moderate and high solar and geomagnetic activity. The outcome of this study is that AIC method is not concretely usable for issuing large earthquakes alerts.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document