scholarly journals Cost-Effectiveness of Treatment Wetlands for Nitrogen Removal in Tropical and Subtropical Australia

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 3309
Author(s):  
Emad Kavehei ◽  
Syezlin Hasan ◽  
Carla Wegscheidl ◽  
Matthew Griffiths ◽  
James C. R. Smart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Great Barrier Reef ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Treatment Wetlands ◽  
Barrier Reef ◽  
Subtropical Australia

Treatment wetlands can reduce nitrogen (N) pollution in waterways. However, the shortage of information on their cost-effectiveness has resulted in their relatively slow uptake in tropical and subtropical Australia, including the catchments of the Great Barrier Reef and Moreton Bay. We assessed the performance of constructed treatment wetlands (CW) and vegetated drains (VD) that treat agricultural runoff, and of sewage treatment plant wetlands (STPW), which polish treated effluent. Treatment performance was estimated as changes in concentration (dissolved inorganic nitrogen, DIN, and total nitrogen, TN; mg L−1) and annual load reductions (kg N ha−1 yr−1). We calculated their cost-effectiveness by comparing their N removal against the costs incurred in their design, construction, and maintenance. Overall, CWs and VDs reduced DIN concentrations by 44% (0.52 to 0.29 mg L−1), and STPW reduced them by 91% (2.3 to 0.2 mg L−1); STPWs also reduced TN concentrations by 72%. The efficiency varied among sites, with the best performing CWs and VDs being those with relatively high inflow concentrations (>0.2 mg L−1 of DIN, >0.7 mg L−1 of TN), low suspended solids, high vegetation cover and high length: width ratio. These high performing CWs and VDs removed N for less than USD 37 kg−1 DIN (AUD 50 kg−1 DIN), less than the end-of-catchment benchmark for the Great Barrier Reef of USD 110 kg−1 DIN (AUD 150 kg−1 DIN). When adequately located, designed, and managed, treatment wetlands can be cost-effective and should be adopted for reducing N in tropical and subtropical Australia.

Modelled estimates of dissolved inorganic nitrogen exported to the Great Barrier Reef lagoon

2021 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. 112655
Author(s):  
G.L. McCloskey ◽  
R. Baheerathan ◽  
C. Dougall ◽  
R. Ellis ◽  
F.R. Bennett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Barrier Reef ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Barrier Reef ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Reef Lagoon

scholarly journals Identification of Eco-friendly Practices in the Industries of EGREE Region for Sustainable Development, Andhra Pradesh, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Teki Surayya ◽  
Gudivada Rajendra Prasad ◽  
Arigela Srinivasa Rao ◽  
Jetti Srinivasa Ravisankar ◽  
Matcha Johar Khrisna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Coal Consumption ◽  
Estuarine Ecosystem ◽  
Godavari River

This study has been conceived with the basic objective to investigate the role played by industries in the East Godavari River Estuarine Ecosystem (EGREE) region to reduce the level of industrial pollution and other eco-friendly initiatives taken for eco-friendly and sustainable development. Effluent treatment systems prevalent in the majority of the studied industries are in working conditions. 57% of industries' effluent treatment plants are working conditions, 29% of the industries are using landing filling methods for disposal of agro-based waste. There is a strong common understanding among the EGREE region industries to lower the CO2 footprint by substituting coal consumption with bio-fuel. In some companies like ITC, biofuel consumption is 80%, and the remaining 20% is Coal. Government and policymakers have to make provision for industrial waste disposal, especially for small and medium enterprises (SME).  Waste transporting cost is high for SME. Effluent treatment plant (ETP) and sewage treatment plant (STP) conditions to be verified by the pollution control board periodically

scholarly journals Performance of sewage treatment plant with septic tank, anaerobic filter and constructed wetland with Typha spp

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Paulo Fortes Neto ◽  
Nara Lucia Perondi Fortes ◽  
Elizabeth Da Costa Neves Fernandes de Almeida Duarte ◽  
Rita Do Amaral Fragoso ◽  
Ana Catarina Marcos Henriques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Anaerobic Filter ◽  
Before And After

  The study reports the performance of a sanitary effluent treatment constituted by a septic tank, anaerobic filter and constructed wetland. The study monitored nutrient’s, carbonaceous material’s and thermotolerant coliform’s (CT) removal efficiency during 12 months. The treatment system included a septic tank, an anaerobic filter and a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland cultivated with Typha spp. Effluent samples were monthly collected before and after the septic tank, anaerobic filter and wetland. The removal efficiency for N-NH+4 was 37.6%, 66.3% for total P, 37% for COD, 54% for BOD and 99.4% for CT. The anaerobic filter and wetland were more efficient than the septic tank. P-total reduction was higher in the constructed wetland than in the anaerobic filter. Climatic conditions influenced the evaluated constituent’s removal being the highest values during hot months.

scholarly journals ANÁLISE DA EFICIÊNCIA DO TRATAMENTO ANAERÓBIO DA MANIPUEIRA

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
Danielle Florindo Pereira ◽  
Debora Yukie Pereira Ishida ◽  
Júlio Kazuya Itimura Omori ◽  
Alexandre Teixeira de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Anaerobic Reactor ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Volatile Solids

In the processes of industrialization of cassava flour (Minihot esculenta), there is the generation of an effluent called manipueira, which requires treatment before being released into the water body. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of effluent degradation by an anaerobic reactor, using as substrate, manipueira of a flour producing industry, and, as inoculum, two distinct sludges, one from an anaerobic reactor of ascending flow (RAFA) of domestic sewage treatment plant, and another from the activated sludge system of effluent treatment of a grain producing industry. The efficiency of the process was evaluated by the physicochemical parameters: COD, BOD, total solids (TS), total volatile solids (STV), fixed total solids (STF), pH, turbidity and cyanide. Throughout the treatment there was a significant removal of Cyanide in the effluent, that is, one of the major problems of the effluent can be solved effectively via anaerobic treatment.

Protecting aquatic organisms from chemicals: the harsh realities

2009 ◽  
Vol 367 (1904) ◽  
pp. 3877-3894 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Sumpter
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Transformation Products ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
Freshwater Environment ◽  
Freshwater Organisms

Tens of thousands of man-made chemicals are in everyday use in developed countries. A high proportion of these, or their transformation products, probably reach the aquatic environment. A considerable amount is known about the environmental concentrations of some of these chemicals (such as metals), especially the regulated ones, but little or nothing is known about the majority. In densely populated countries, most or all rivers will receive both diffuse (e.g. agricultural runoff) and point source (e.g. sewage treatment plant effluent) inputs, and hence be contaminated with complex, ill-defined mixtures of chemicals. Most freshwater organisms will be exposed, to varying degrees, to this contamination. The number of species exposed is in the thousands, and quite possibly tens of thousands. Little is known about whether or not these species are adversely affected by the chemicals present in their environment. Often it is not even known what species are present, let alone whether they are affected by the chemicals present. In a few high-profile cases (e.g. tributyl tin causing imposex in molluscs and oestrogens ‘feminizing’ male fish), chemicals have undoubtedly adversely affected aquatic species, occasionally leading to population crashes. Whether or not other chemicals are affecting less visible species (such as most invertebrates) is largely unknown. It is possible that only very few chemicals in the freshwater environment are adversely affecting wildlife, but it is equally possible that some effects of chemicals are, as yet, undiscovered (and may remain so). Nor it is clear which chemicals may pose the greatest risk to aquatic organisms. All these uncertainties leave much to chance, yet designing a regulatory system that would better protect aquatic organisms from chemicals is difficult. A more flexible and intelligent strategy may improve the current situation. Finally, the risk due to chemicals is put into context with the many other threats, such as alien species and new diseases that undoubtedly can pose significant risks to aquatic ecosystems.

scholarly journals SPATIAL AND TEMPORALVARIATION OF DISSOLVED INORGANIC NUTRIENTS, AND CHLOROPHYLL-α IN A TROPICAL ESTUARY IN NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL: DYNAMICS OF NUTRIENT REMOVAL

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Aparecida Macedo Silva ◽  
Marcelo F. L. Souza ◽  
Paulo C. Abreu
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations

Monthly sampling campaigns were carried out between February 2010 and January 2011 to evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution of nutrients (ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, dissolved organic nitrogen, phosphate, dissolved organic phosphorus and silicate) and chlorophyll-α along a salinity gradient in the tropical Cachoeira River estuary, subject to the untreated effluents of a sewage treatment plant (STP). During the study period the lowest and highest river discharge occurred in February and April 2010, respectively. High river outflow promoted increased concentrations of inorganic nitrogen and silicate but did not affect the concentration of phosphate. Based on the chlorophyll-α concentration the estuary may be classified as eutrophic / hypereutrophic in its inner portion and mesotrophic in the lower region. The inner portion is more affected by the nutrient load carried out by the river and STP, while dilution by seawater contributed to the reduction of the nutrient concentrations in the lower reaches of the estuary. The results indicate that nutrient uptake by the phytoplankton is the most effective dissolved inorganic nutrient removal processes, especially for phosphate. Mixing diagrams suggest that the coupling of nitrification and denitrification processes is also responsible for the elimination of nitrogen from this ecosystem.

scholarly journals Will reducing agricultural runoff drive recovery of coral biodiversity and macroalgae cover on the Great Barrier Reef?

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 3332-3335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter V. Ridd ◽  
Alan R. Orpin ◽  
Thomas C. Stieglitz ◽  
Gregg J. Brunskill
Keyword(s):  
Great Barrier Reef ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
Barrier Reef

Cost effectiveness of design-based water quality improvement regulations in the Great Barrier Reef Catchments

2013 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 157-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martijn van Grieken ◽  
Tim Lynam ◽  
Anthea Coggan ◽  
Stuart Whitten ◽  
Frederieke Kroon
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Great Barrier Reef ◽  
Barrier Reef ◽  
Water Quality Improvement

scholarly journals Detection of Genetic Markers of Fecal Indicator Bacteria in Lake Michigan and Determination of Their Relationship to Escherichia coli Densities Using Standard Microbiological Methods

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 8305-8313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia A. Bower ◽  
Caitlin O. Scopel ◽  
Erika T. Jensen ◽  
Morgan M. Depas ◽  
Sandra L. McLellan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Human Specific

ABSTRACT Lake Michigan surface waters impacted by fecal pollution were assessed to determine the occurrence of genetic markers for Bacteroides and Escherichia coli. Initial experiments with sewage treatment plant influent demonstrated that total Bacteroides spp. could be detected by PCR in a 25- to 125-fold-higher dilution series than E. coli and human-specific Bacteroides spp., which were both found in similar dilution ranges. The limit of detection for the human-specific genetic marker ranged from 0.2 CFU/100 ml to 82 CFU/100 ml culturable E. coli for four wastewater treatment plants in urban and rural areas. The spatial and temporal distributions of these markers were assessed following major rain events that introduced urban storm water, agricultural runoff, and sewage overflows into Lake Michigan. Bacteroides spp. were detected in all of these samples by PCR, including those with <1 CFU/100 ml E. coli. Human-specific Bacteroides spp. were detected as far as 2 km into Lake Michigan during sewage overflow events, with variable detection 1 to 9 days postoverflow, whereas the cow-specific Bacteroides spp. were detected in only highly contaminated samples near the river outflow. Lake Michigan beaches were also assessed throughout the summer season for the same markers. Bacteroides spp. were detected in all beach samples, including 28 of the 74 samples that did not exceed 235 CFU/100 ml of E. coli. Human-specific Bacteroides spp. were detected at three of the seven beaches; one of the sites demonstrating positive results was sampled during a reported sewage overflow, but E. coli levels were below 235 CFU/100 ml. This study demonstrates the usefulness of non-culture-based microbial-source tracking approaches and the prevalence of these genetic markers in the Great Lakes, including freshwater coastal beaches.

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