scholarly journals Real Driving Range in Electric Vehicles: Influence on Fuel Consumption and Carbon Emissions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Carlos Armenta-Déu ◽  
Erwan Cattin
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Polluted Environment ◽  
Characteristic Parameters ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Driving Range ◽  
Daily Trip

This paper is focused on the determination of real driving ranges for electric vehicles (EV’s) and how it influences fuel consumption and carbon emissions. A precise method to evaluate the driving range of an EV can establish the correct reduction in GEI amount, mainly CO and CO2, ejected to the environment. The comparison of the daily driving range between an internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle and an EV provides a useful tool for determining actual fuel saved during a daily trip and a method to compute carbon emissions saved depending on the type of ICE vehicle. Real driving range has been estimated on the basis of a daily trip consisting of five different segments, acceleration, deceleration, constant speed, ascent and descent, which reproduce the different types of driving. The modelling has been developed for urban routes since they are the most common and the most polluted environment where the use of electric vehicles is applied. The effects of types of driving have been taken into account for the calculation of the driving range by considering three main types of driving: aggressive, normal and moderate. The types of vehicle in terms of shape and size as well as dynamic conditions and the types of roads have also been considered for the determination of the driving range. Specific software has been developed to predict electric vehicle range under real driving conditions as a function of the characteristic parameters of a daily trip.

scholarly journals Optimal Driving Range for Battery Electric Vehicles Based on Modeling Users’ Driving and Charging Behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Zhenbo Lu ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Yu Yuan ◽  
Weiping Tong
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Copula Function ◽  
Battery Electric Vehicles ◽  
Trip Chain ◽  
Behavioral Variables ◽  
Driving Range ◽  
Optimal Driving ◽  
Daily Trip ◽  
Daily Travel

This paper proposes a simulation approach for the optimal driving range of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) by modeling the driving and charging behavior. The driving and charging patterns of BEV users are characterized by reconstructing the daily travel chain based on the practical data collected from Shanghai, China. Meanwhile, interdependent behavioral variables for daily trips and each trip are defined in the daily trip chain. To meet the goal of the fitness of driving range, a stochastic simulation framework is established by the Monte Carlo method. Finally, with consideration of user heterogeneity, the optimal driving range under different charging scenarios is analyzed. The findings include the following. (1) The daily trip chain can be reconstructed through the behavioral variables for daily trips and each trip, and there is a correlation between the variables examined by the copula function. (2) Users with different daily travel demand have a different optimal driving range. When choosing a BEV, users are recommended to consider that the daily vehicle kilometers traveled are less than 34% of the battery driving range. (3) Increasing the charging opportunity and charging power is more beneficial to drivers who are characterized by high daily travel demand. (4) On the premise of meeting travel demand, the beneficial effects of increased fast-charging power will gradually decline.

Dynamic Analysis of the Structure of Automobile Components, Obtained by Powder Metallurgy

2020 ◽  
Vol 896 ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Anca Didu ◽  
Nicolae Dumitru ◽  
Cristina Ileana Pascu ◽  
Violeta Cristina Contoloru
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Connecting Rod ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Automobile Components

The analysis of the dynamic behavior of parts from the structure of the cationing mechanism of an internal combustion engine in 4 steps is followed. Thus, kinetic and dynamic models were developed for the motor mechanism considered as an assembly consisting of crankshaft, connecting rods, bearings and pistons. Dynamic models were built mainly in the Ansys program, based on the finite element method. The following problems were addressed, namely the dynamic analysis, with the determination of the response in time for displacements, stresses and deformations and also the vibration analysis in order to analyze the frequency response for the kinematic parameters of the whole system, but also of the component elements. Dynamic models for the numerical processing of the two types of analyzes were designed in a parameterized system with multiple possibilities of working on different time, frequency or different types of loadings and connection conditions. The purpose of this paper is to study the dynamic response of the main elements of the mechanism, for different types of materials. Given the wide field of applicability in automobiles, the technology for obtaining parts from sintered powders, the studies were realized for the cases when the connecting rod and the bearings are made of metallic powders, respectively of steel, to be extended for more complex cases, when we consider the influence of lubricant and temperature distribution in areas of practical interest.

Power Flow Control in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Becerra ◽  
Jose´ Luis Mendoza-Soto ◽  
Luis Alvarez-Icaza
Keyword(s):  
Flow Control ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Power Flow Control ◽  
Hybrid Electric

In this paper a new strategy for controlling the power flow in hybrid electric vehicles is described. The strategy focuses in the planetary gear system where kinematic and dynamic constraints must be satisfied. The aim is to satisfy driver demands and to reduce fuel consumption. The resultant power flow control is continuous and uses the internal combustion engine with the maximum possible efficiency. The strategy is not optimal, although it is inspired by the solution to most optimization problems. The main advantages are that the computational cost is low, when compared to optimization based approaches, and that it is easy to tune. The strategy is tested with simulations using a mathematical model of a power train of a hybrid diesel-electric bus subjected to the power demands of representative urban area driving cycles. Simulation results indicate that the strategy achieves small speed tracking errors and attains good fuel consumption reduction levels.

scholarly journals Model-Based Optimization of a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Powertrain with Multimode Transmission

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Geng ◽  
Andreas Meier ◽  
Thomas Schulte
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Electric Motor ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
Motor Operation

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles are developed in order to reduce the fuel consumption and the emission of carbon dioxide. Besides the series, parallel and power split configurations are commonly used for conventional hybrid electric vehicles, and multimode transmissions are used for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, which are able to switch between different modes like parallel or series operation of the combustion engine and electric motor. Several concepts have already been discussed and presented. These concepts comprise novel structures and multi-speed operation for the combustion engine and the electric motor, respectively. For improving the fuel and energy consumption, model-based optimizations of multimode transmissions are performed. In the first step of the optimization, the optimal number of gears and transmission ratios, as well as the corresponding fuel and energy savings, are estimated. Based on these results, a new multimode transmission concept with two-speed transmissions for the combustion engine and the electric motor has been developed. The knowledge of the concrete concept enables the further optimizations of the transmission ratios and the transmission control. In order to prove the benefit of the new and optimized transmission concept, powertrain simulations have been carried out. The new powertrain concept is compared to a powertrain concept with single-speed transmissions for the internal combustion engine (ICE) and electric motor operation. The new transmission concept enables a significant improvement of the fuel consumption.

scholarly journals Managing Fuel Consumption and Emissions in the Renewed Fleet of a Transport Company

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 5047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmina Pašagić Škrinjar ◽  
Borna Abramović ◽  
Lucija Bukvić ◽  
Željko Marušić
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Transport Policy ◽  
Impact Reduction ◽  
Negative Environmental Impact ◽  
Vehicle Purchase

This research shows the relationship between the energy emission parameters and CO2 equivalents for conventional fossil fuel-powered vehicles (ICEV, Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) to determine the life cycle costs of the vehicles. The combination of transport policy and alternative fuels has the purpose of creating a sustainable transport system. Transport policy focuses on increasing energy efficiency and reducing the price of electric vehicles as technology advances. The profitability for each vehicle type was also observed through current vehicle purchase prices. The main objective of this paper is to study the environmental impact of diesel vans, taking into account lifelong energy use, fuel consumption and CO2 equivalents through air pollution. Although the purchase price of the ICEV is less than the HEV, all electric vehicles are determined to have the lowest overall environmental impact during the operational phase. The goal of transport companies and logistics operators that own a fleet is to achieve quality service with maximum cost and negative environmental impact reduction.

scholarly journals Optimal Energy Management for Hybrid Electric Vehicles Based on Dynamic Programming and Receding Horizon

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3502
Author(s):  
Pierpaolo Polverino ◽  
Ivan Arsie ◽  
Cesare Pianese
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Programming ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Driver Assistance Systems ◽  
Receding Horizon ◽  
Simulated Environment ◽  
Hybrid Electric

Fuel consumption and emissions in parallel hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are directly linked to the way the load request to the wheels is managed between the internal combustion engine and the electric motor powered by the battery. A significant reduction in both consumption and emissions can be achieved by optimally controlling the power split on an entire driving mission (full horizon—FH). However, the entire driving path is often not predictable in real applications, hindering the fulfillment of the advantages gained through such an approach. An improvement can be achieved by exploiting more information available onboard, such as those derived from Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and vehicle connectivity (V2X). With this aim, the present work presents the design and verification, in a simulated environment, of an optimized controller for HEVs energy management, based on dynamic programming (DP) and receding horizon (RH) approaches. The control algorithm entails the partial knowledge of the driving mission, and its performance is assessed by evaluating fuel consumption related to a Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC) under different control features (i.e., horizon length and update distance). The obtained results show a fuel consumption reduction comparable to that of the FH, with maximum drift from optimal consumption of less than 10%.

Characterization of Different Types of Biomass Wastes Using Thermogravimetric and ICP-MS Analyses

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 4594-4600
Keyword(s):  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Biomass Ash ◽  
Minor Elements ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Different Types

The purpose of this study was to characterize some types of biomass wastes resulted from different activities such as: agriculture, forestry and food industry using thermogravimetric and ICP-MS analyses. Also, it was optimized an ICP-MS method for the determination of As, Cd and Pb from biomass ash samples. The ICP-MS analysis revealed that the highest concentration of metals (As, Cd, Pb) was recorded in the wood waste ash sample, also the thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the highest amount of ash was obtained for the same sample (26.82%). The biomass wastes mentioned in this study are alternative recyclable materials, reusable as pellets and briquettes. Keywords: ash, biomass, ICP-MS, minor elements, TG

Studies on the Behavior Some Paints in Electro-insulating Fluid Based on Vegetable Esters

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1139-1144
Author(s):  
Iosif Lingvay ◽  
Adriana Mariana Bors ◽  
Livia Carmen Ungureanu ◽  
Valerica Stanoi ◽  
Traian Rus
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Oxidation Processes ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Painting Materials ◽  
Insulating Paper ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Mechanism And Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Natural Ester

For the purpose of using three different types of painting materials for the inner protection of the transformer vats, their behavior was studied under actual conditions of operation in the transformer (thermal stress in electro-insulating fluid based on the natural ester in contact with copper for electro-technical use and electro-insulating paper). By comparing determination of the content in furans products (HPLC technique) and gases formed (by gas-chromatography) in the electro-insulating fluid (natural ester with high oleic content) thermally aged at 130 �C to 1000 hours in closed glass vessels, it have been found that the presence the investigated painting materials lead to a change in the mechanism and kinetics of the thermo-oxidation processes. These changes are supported by oxygen dissolved in oil, what leads to decrease both to gases formation CO2, CO, H2, CH4, C2H4 and C2H6) and furans products (5-HMF, 2-FOL, 2 -FAL and 2-ACF). The painting materials investigated during the heat treatment applied did not suffer any remarkable structural changes affecting their functionality in the electro-insulating fluid based on vegetable esters.

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