The history of the formation of phthisiology as a science

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Vladimir Anatolievich Klimov
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Characteristic Symptom ◽  
Extreme Degree ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pulmonary Bleeding ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Archaeological Excavations ◽  
First Descriptions

Humanity has been familiar with tuberculosis for a long time: the confirmation of this was found during archaeological excavations and the discovery of traces of damage to the remains of people who lived more than 5 thousand years ago. Scientists associate this fact with the high prevalence of mycobacteria among animals, as well as the extreme duration of the disease and the high degree of chronicity of the process. The first descriptions of tuberculous lesions were found in the writings of Hippocrates. The most characteristic symptom of the disease, as in the present days, was considered hemoptysis, and the extreme degree of exhaustion and pulmonary bleeding was quite typical for this category of patients. This disease was initially called consumption, or phthisi. Subsequently, it gave the name to the science that studies various clinical manifestations in the tuberculosis process, their diagnosis and treatment. Today, phthisiology is a clinical discipline that studies the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of pulmonary and extrapulmonary forms of tuberculosis, as well as the main approaches to etiotropic and pathogenetic treatment.

scholarly journals A solitary giant neurofibroma of inguinal region: A case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 003685042110042
Author(s):  
Haiying Zhou ◽  
Hui Lu
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Inguinal Region ◽  
Nerve Sheath Tumor ◽  
Neurogenic Tumors ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Giant Neurofibroma ◽  
History Of ◽  
Neuroectodermal Origin ◽  
Recurrence Tendency

Neurofibroma is a rare nerve sheath tumor of neuroectodermal origin, especially the huge and isolated neurofibroma located in the inguinal region. To our knowledge, no such case has previously been reported. We report a case of 34-year-old male patient with a 4-year history of progressive enlargement of the medial root mass in his left thigh with sitting and standing disorders along with pain. The tumor was completely removed by operation, and pathological diagnosis showed neurofibroma. There was no obvious neurologic defect after surgery, and no recurrence tendency was found in the follow-up of 2 years. For a large solitary mass with slow growth and no malignant clinical manifestations for a long time, clinicians cannot rule out the hypothetical diagnosis of neurofibroma, even though its growth site is very rare, such as this case of a huge tumor located in the groin. For neurogenic tumors, early operation should be performed, and the prognosis of patients after tumor resection is excellent.

scholarly journals A Solitary Giant Neurofibroma of Inguinal Region——A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiying Zhou ◽  
Hui Lu
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Inguinal Region ◽  
Nerve Sheath Tumor ◽  
Neurogenic Tumors ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Giant Neurofibroma ◽  
History Of ◽  
Neuroectodermal Origin ◽  
Recurrence Tendency

Abstract BackgroundNeurofibroma is a rare nerve sheath tumor of neuroectodermal origin, especially the huge and isolated neurofibroma located in the inguinal region. To our knowledge, no such case has previously been reported.Case presentationWe report a case of 34-year-old male patient with a 4-year history of progressive enlargement of the medial root mass in his left thigh with sitting and standing disorders along with pain. The tumor was completely removed by operation, and pathological diagnosis showed neurofibroma. There was no obvious neurologic defect after surgery, and no recurrence tendency was found in the follow-up of 2 years.ConclusionsFor a large solitary mass with slow growth and no malignant clinical manifestations for a long time, clinicians can not rule out the hypothetical diagnosis of neurofibroma, even though its growth site is very rare, such as this case of a huge tumor located in the groin. For neurogenic tumors, early operation should be performed, and the prognosis of patients after tumor resection is excellent.

scholarly journals A Solitary Giant Neurofibroma of Inguinal Region—A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiying Zhou ◽  
Hui Lu
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Inguinal Region ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Neurogenic Tumors ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Giant Neurofibroma ◽  
History Of ◽  
Recurrence Tendency

Abstract Background:Neurofibroma is a rare nerve sheath tumorofneuroectodermal origin, especially the huge and isolated neurofibroma located in the inguinal region. To our knowledge, no such case has previously been reported.Case presentation:We report a case of 34-year-old male patient with a 4-year history of progressive enlargement of the medial root mass in his left thigh with sitting and standing disorders along with pain. The tumor was completely removed by operation, and pathological diagnosisshowed neurofibroma. There was no obvious neurologic defect after surgery, and no recurrence tendency was found in the follow-up of 2years.Conclusions:For a large solitary mass with slow growth and no malignant clinical manifestations for a long time, clinicians can not rule out the hypothetical diagnosis of neurofibroma, even though its growth site is very rare, such as this case of a huge tumor located in the groin. For neurogenic tumors, early operation should be performed, and the prognosis of patients after tumor resection isexcellent.

Propylthiouracil Associated Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA) in Patients with Childhood Onset Graves' Disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 539-544
Author(s):  
Ouypom Panamonta ◽  
Vasant Sumethkue ◽  
Piyanuth Radinahmed ◽  
Malinee Laopaiboon ◽  
Wichitr Kirdpon
Keyword(s):  
Urine Analysis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Childhood Onset ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Propylthiouracil (PTU) can induce anti-myeloperoxidase (MPO-ANCA) positive vasculitis. We performed a cross-sectional study to estimate the prevalence of MPO-ANCA in patients with childhood onset Graves' disease (GD) receiving PTU and to assess the relationship between ANCA and clinical manifestations of vasculitis. We studied 60 patients (59 girls and one boy) between 7.3 and 25.0 years of age (mean ± SD, 14.71 ± 4.49). GD, diagnosed at the age of 3.0 to 14.5 years (11.3 ± 2.48), was designated as: newly diagnosed, on PTU therapy, and after PTU discontinuation in 4, 50 and 6 patients, respectively. Manifestations of vasculitis were noted and the patients were tested for MPOANCA, antinuclear antibodies, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and urine analysis. Twentysix patients (43.3%) reacted positively for MPOANCA, 23 were on PTU therapy (0.42 to 6.00, median 3.00 years) and three had discontinued PTU. There were 34 (56.7%) ANCA-negative patients and 27 patients on PTU therapy (0.25 to 5.17, median 1.00 years, p = 0.012). Vasculitis presented in 16 patients (26.7%), all of whom were receiving PTU at the time of the study. The percentage of vasculitis among MPO-ANCA positive patients was 27.6% more than in the negative group, p = 0.017. PTU was discontinued in patients with vasculitis and positive for MPO-ANCA. Our findings show a high prevalence of MPO-ANCA positivity and a significantly higher percentage of vasculitis among these patients, suggesting that patients taking PTU should be closely observed for the appearance of MPOANCA and signs of vasculitis, especially patients GD who have been treated for a long time.

Methylphenidate May Treat Apathy Independent of Depression

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 1947-1949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasad R Padala ◽  
Frederick Petty ◽  
Subhash C Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Treatment Regimen ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Case Summary ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Hamilton Rating Scale

OBJECTIVE To report a case of apathy treated with methylphenidate in which improvement in apathy was independent of improvement of depression. CASE SUMMARY A 47-year-old woman with a 20-year history of recurrent major depression was diagnosed as having significant apathy with lack of initiative and motivation. Over the course of a 4-week treatment regimen with methylphenidate, her apathy, as measured by the Apathy Evaluation Scale, improved, with her score decreasing from 57 to 31. During this period, her depression, as assessed by the 21-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, remained unchanged. DISCUSSION Our report of improvement of apathy with methylphenidate is consistent with other reports in the literature, although previous studies have not specifically used the rating scales to assess apathy. Even though this patient had experienced apathy for a long time, it had not been detected due to lack of direct questioning. In this case, as noted, the improvement of apathy was independent of improvement in depression. CONCLUSIONS A high degree of suspicion and specific inquiry is required for identification of apathy. Once detected, methylphenidate may be beneficial in its treatment, a strategy that may work independently of augmentation of antidepressants.

scholarly journals Implementation of logic gates using CNFET for energy constraint applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1.1) ◽  
pp. 355
Author(s):  
R V Krishnaiah ◽  
T Anil ◽  
Mode Laxmana Rao ◽  
Paparao Nalajala ◽  
SK Hasane Ahammad
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Semiconductor Manufacturing ◽  
Multicore Processors ◽  
Semiconductor Industry ◽  
Logic Gates ◽  
Computer Hardware ◽  
Extreme Degree ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Carbon Nano Tube

Since the advent of semiconductors and throughout the history of designing ICs in VLSI for everything from computer hardware to mobile phones, the basic principle of Moore's law has persisted to be the same the number of transistors on a given area of silicon doubles every two years. The transistor rely on today's propelled multicore processors will be arriving at those extent about three billions, a in length best approach starting with the 6800 processor of the mid 1970s which comprised of Exactly 5000 transistors. Semiconductor manufacturing commercial enterprises need aid supporting of the most extreme degree to make this Growth feasible by presenting scaled CMOS gadgets utilizing field impact transistor (FET) technology, the place the most recent hub adequately multiplied those entryway thickness contrasted with those past era each few for A long time. As the approach will be crashing towards sub-nano meter reach that is past 90-nm node, spillage turned into a paramount element. Same time those MOS gadgets arrived at the end of its versatile limit, those semiconductor industry found elective gadget for example, such that CNFET (carbon nano tube field impact transistor), which will be acknowledged to the best decision for following era units. Large portions semiconductor commercial enterprises need aid placing their deliberations On CNFET innovation. 

scholarly journals HERV-K(OLD): Ancestor Sequences of the Human Endogenous Retrovirus Family HERV-K(HML-2)

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (19) ◽  
pp. 8917-8926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Reus ◽  
Jens Mayer ◽  
Marlies Sauter ◽  
Hans Zischler ◽  
Nikolaus Müller-Lantzsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Human Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Integration Time ◽  
Old World ◽  
Human Sequence ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Degree

ABSTRACT Sequences homologous to the human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) family HERV-K(HML-2) are present in all Old World primate species. A previous study showed that a central region of the HERV-K(HML-2)gag genes in Hominoidea species displays a 96-bp deletion compared to the gag genes in lower Old World primates. The more ancient HERV-K(HML-2) sequences present in lower Old World primates were apparently not conserved during hominoid evolution, as opposed to the deletion variants. To further clarify the evolutionary origin of the HERV-K(HML-2) family, we screened GenBank with the 96-bp gag-sequence characteristic of lower Old World primates and identified, to date, 10 human sequence entries harboring either full-length or partially deleted proviral structures, probably representing remnants of a more ancient HERV-K(HML-2) variant. The high degree of mutations demonstrates the long-time presence of these HERV-K(OLD) proviruses in the genome. Nevertheless, they still belong to the HML-2 family as deduced from dot matrix and phylogenetic analyses. We estimate, based on the family ages of integratedAlu elements and on long terminal repeat (LTR) divergence data, that the average age of HERV-K(OLD) proviruses is ca. 28 million years, supporting an integration time before the evolutionary split of Hominoidea from lower Old World primates. Analysis of HERV-K(OLD) LTR sequences led to the distinction of two subgroups, both of which cluster with LTRs belonging to an evolutionarily older cluster. Taken together, our data give further insight into the evolutionary history of the HERV-K(HML-2) family during primate evolution.

scholarly journals Patterns of Smoking and Alcoholic Addiction in In-Patients with Schizophrenia: Medical and Sociological Study

Psychiatry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 51-62
Author(s):  
T. G. Svetlichnaya ◽  
V. A. Voronov ◽  
E. A. Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Very High ◽  
Smoking Index

Objective: the comorbidity of schizophrenia and tobacco and alcohol addiction modifies the clinical manifestations of both diseases, impairs compliance, increases the risk of aggressive behavior and contributes to the criminalization of patients. In order to study the characteristics of tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption by patients with schizophrenia, we conducted a medical and sociological study of the specified contingent.Patients and methods: 104 in-patients with diagnosis of schizophrenia admitted to psychiatric hospital were interviewed in February 2020. All patients participating in the study have reached the age of 18. The research program is presented by the “Questionnaire for the study of smoking and alcoholic behavior in patients with mental disorders”. Evaluation of smoking status included K. Fagerström’s test, A. Leonov’s test “Why do I smoke?” To determine the motivation to smoke, smoking index was calculated to determine the risk of developing COPD, and the AUDIT test was used to assess alcohol consumption. Statistical processing of the results of the questionnaire survey was using the SPSS-17 software. The prevalence of smoking among patients with schizophrenia is high (56.8%). Most (86.4%) of them are heavy (66.1%) and hardcore (20.3%) smokers. A high degree of dependence was revealed, the smoking experience averages 27.6 years, and the number of cigarettes smoked per day ranges from 10–20 and even up to 60 pieces. The patients are characterized by early onset of smoking (15.2 years) and the prevalence of high (47.5%) and medium (18.6%) degrees of nicotine addiction. The prevalence of alcohol consumption among patients with schizophrenia is very high (36.5%). Most (73.7%) patients consume alcohol either regularly (31.6%) or habitually (42.1%). Every fifth (21.2%) stopped drinking alcohol due to poor health.Conclusions: high prevalence of smoking and alcoholic addiction in patients with schizophrenia increases the medico–social significance of this comorbidity.

Ultrastructure and life history of Myolaimus byersi n. sp. (Myolaimina: Myolaimidae), a phoretic associate of the crane fly, Limonia schwarzi (Alexander) (Limoniidae), in Florida

Nematology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin M. Giblin-Davis ◽  
Natsumi Kanzaki ◽  
Paul De Ley ◽  
Donna S. Williams ◽  
Einhard Schierenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Data ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Crane Flies ◽  
Relative Placement ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mobile Crane ◽  
Sensory Structures ◽  
Southern Florida ◽  
High Degree

Abstract Myolaimus byersi n. sp., a phoretic associate of the crane fly, Limonia (Rhipidia) schwarzi (Diptera: Limoniidae), was recovered from moist and decaying tissue from the crown shaft of a living spindle palm, Hyophorbe verschaffeltii, in southern Florida and is described herein. Dauers were carried in the abdominal folds of male and female L. schwarzi. Examination of the highly mobile crane fly larvae and pupae confirmed that the dauers were externally associated with the cuticle. Dauers from crane flies were culturable to adults on 1/20 strength TSB agar. The association appears to be relatively host specific. SEM studies, early embryonic development, dauers, molecular data and TEM ultrastructural comparisons of the stoma, sensory structures and sperm are used to discuss the relative placement of Myolaimus within the Nematoda. The stoma resembles diplogastrids in being strongly anisomorphic with an enlarged dorsal sector of the stegostom, yet also resembles rhabditids in having three triangular flaps in the metastegostom and matches cephalobs and panagrolaims in having a pharyngeal collar with two sets of three interradial muscles followed by two sets of six adradial muscles. The ultrastructure of the cheilostom epidermis shows a high degree of conservation with several Rhabditida. The sperm of M. byersi n. sp. is nearly identical to that of Caenorhabditis elegans. In early cell division, M. byersi n. sp. is closest to Parascaris equorum followed by C. elegans. Myolaimus apparently represents a divergent lineage that has followed a non-coalescing trajectory for a long time, allowing it to retain some highly conserved characters while also developing some surprisingly unique features, such as a baggy cuticle and males that lack a gubernaculum or spicules.

BRIDGE BUILDING AS A PROBLEM OF URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT IN THE EUROPEAN NORTH OF RUSSIA IN THE EARLY XX CENTURY

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-135
Author(s):  
Tatiana S. Minaeva ◽  
Sergey S. Gulyaev
Keyword(s):  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
Local Administration ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
European North ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Floating Bridge ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Bridge Building ◽  
Xix Century

Introduction. The organization of transport links and the bridge building in cities located on the banks of wide rivers has always been one of the most important tasks of the local administration. The study of the history of bridge building allows not only to trace the process of modernization of different regions of the country, but also to help in solving similar problems of our time. Nevertheless, the history of Russian bridge building is poorly studied. The purpose of the article is to determine the characteristics and features of the organization of bridge building in big cities of the European North of Russia as a way to solve one of the problems of urban infrastructure in the early XX century. Materials and Methods. The sources for this study are the documents of the State archive of the Arkhangelsk region, published documents on the history of Vologda, articles in the local periodicals of the early XX century. The analysis of the studied problem used a systematic approach, the method of economic analysis, historical and historical-comparative methods. Results and Discussion. The building of permanent bridges was a need for the development of Arkhangelsk and Vologda. In Vologda the two wooden bridges were built in the middle of XIX century on city funds and in the future these bridges were repaired or rebuilt. The Arkhangelsk city authorities did not hurry to solve a problem of city infrastructure by own efforts and a long time they used the floating bridge. The lack of experience in the building of large bridges and the desire to save money led to the rapid destruction of the first permanent bridge in Arkhangelsk. Conclusion. The Development of trade and industry in cities of the European North of Russia, such as Arkhangelsk and Vologda, led to the expansion of their territory and the emergence over time, the so-called third parts of the cities. Despite the comparable size of the population of the districts located across the river, the process of connecting them with bridges to the rest of the city went at different rates, which depended on the attitude of the local administration to the problem of urban infrastructure.

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