scholarly journals Desempleo en América Latina y el Caribe: Análisis bajo un enfoque de descomposición

ECA Sinergia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Leobaldo Enrique Molero Oliva ◽  
Holger Esteban Álava Martínez ◽  
John Alexander Campuzano Vázquez ◽  
Jorge Santiago Dávila Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Decomposition Approach ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Factor Decomposition ◽  
Unemployment Data ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
America Latina

El objetivo de este documento es analizar los cambios en el desempleo en América Latina y el Caribe mediante un enfoque de descomposición de cuatro factores, sobre la base de información del desempleo experimentado por los países de esta región, en dos años 2009 y 2019. La presente investigación en cuanto a la metodología tiene un alcance o nivel descriptivo, con diseño documental bibliográfico, no experimental, y bajo un enfoque cuantitativo. Para analizar el comportamiento del desempleo, se recolectaron datos de las variables de interés para veintiséis países de América Latina y el Caribe desde la base Indicadores del Desarrollo, cuya fuente es Banco Mundial. Los resultados encontrados son heterogéneos en el grupo de países, aunque prevalece principalmente el efecto de las variaciones de la tasa de desempleo en el cambio del número de personas desempleadas. El trabajo también identifica el rol de los cambios en otros componentes, como la tasa de actividad.   Palabras clave: Desempleo, América Latina y el Caribe, tasa de desempleo, mercado de trabajo, metodología de descomposición.   ABSTRACT The objective of this document is to analyze the changes in unemployment in Latin America and the Caribbean through a four-factor decomposition approach, based on information on unemployment experienced by the countries of this region, in two years 2009 and 2019. In terms of methodology, this research has a descriptive scope or level, with a non-experimental bibliographic documentary design, and under a quantitative approach. To analyze the behavior of unemployment, data was collected on the variables of interest for twenty-six countries in Latin America and the Caribbean from the Development Indicators database, whose source is the World Bank. The results found are heterogeneous in the group of countries, although the effect of variations in the unemployment rate prevails mainly in the change in the number of unemployed people. The work also identifies the role of changes in other components, such as the activity rate.   Key words: Unemployment, Latin America and the Caribbean, unemployment rate, labor market, decomposition methodology.

scholarly journals Adiós a la tierra prometida. Crónicas de migrantes latinoamericanos que retornan a su País de origen

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 507
Author(s):  
José Escobedo Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Promised Land ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Social ◽  
America Latina ◽  
First World

<p>La presente investigación se realiza bajo el paradigma Empirista “<em>EMIC</em>” -investigación cualitativa-, que nos servirá, como metodología de las Ciencias Sociales, para conocer las razones que tuvieron los migrantes de América Latina y el Caribe, que radicaron en un país de acogida del Norte Desarrollado, para retornar a su país de origen diciéndole “Adiós” a la tierra prometida a través de la versión dada por ellos mismos en sus <em>Crónicas de Vida</em>. La comprensión de estos relatos testimoniales que los migrantes vertieron, como sujetos en la construcción de la realidad social, fueron concebidos como actos reflexivos. Nos hemos propuesto los siguientes objetivos con el propósito de conocer los motivos que llevaron al migrante a tomar esta decisión de volver a su país de origen, toda vez que dichos relatos implican una intencionalidad que reivindica el papel del sujeto en la construcción de la realidad social: <strong><em>a) </em></strong>conocer el retorno del migrante por <em>motivos</em> <em>deseados</em>, y <strong><em>b)</em></strong> conocer el retorno del migrante por <em>motivos ajenos a su voluntad. </em></p><p> </p><p><strong>Palabras-clave:</strong> paradigma, motivos, acción social, migración de retorno, primer mundo, Latinoamérica.<strong></strong></p><p class="paragraph">  </p><p class="paragraph"><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p class="paragraph">The present research is carried out under the Empiric paradigm "<em>EMIC</em>" - qualitative research -, which will serve as a methodology of the Social Sciences, to know the reasons that had migrants from Latin America and the Caribbean, who settled in a host country of the developed North, for returning to their country of origin saying "Goodbye" to the promised land through the version given by themselves in their <em>Chronicles of Life</em>. The understanding of these testimonies that migrants offered, as subjects in the construction of social reality, were conceived as reflective acts. We have proposed the following objectives with the purpose of knowing the reasons that led migrants to make this decision of returning to their country of origin, since these stories imply an intentionality that claims the role of the subject in the construction of social reality: <strong><em>a</em>)</strong> to know the return of the migrants for <em>desired motives</em>, and <strong><em>b</em>)</strong> to know the return of the migrants for <em>motives beyond their control</em>.</p><p class="paragraph"> </p><p class="paragraph"><strong>Keywords:</strong> paradigm, motives, social action, returning migration, first world, Latin America.</p>

scholarly journals Perspectivas e desafios para a Educação Superior na América Latina e o Caribe: Entrevista com Roberto Leher, Reitor da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, com comentários de Mário Luiz de Azevedo, da Universidade Estadual de Maringá

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Fernanda Geremias Leal ◽  
Roberto Leher ◽  
Mário Luiz Luiz Neves De Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Latin America ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Public University ◽  
Regional Conference ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
America Latina ◽  
The University

An interview with Professor Roberto Leher, Rector of the largest federal public university in Brazil, the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), on the situation of higher education in the country and in Latin America and the Caribbean. The interview addresses the preparation of Asociación de Universidades Grupo Montevideo (AUGM), created in 1990 and composed by 35 public universities from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay, for the III Regional Conference for Higher Education (CRES), held in Cordoba, Argentina, in June 2018. The interview addresses, among other aspects, higher education as a public good and fundamental human social and individual right; the commodification of the sector in Latin America; the influence of international organizations in the directions of higher education around the world; the advances of science and the challenges in the development of the countries of the region; the importance of CRES for the future of the university, as well as the role of student participation and mobilization in this scenario. At the end of the interview, there is an analysis with comments made by Professor Mario Luiz Neves de Azevedo, researcher of the field in Brazil.

scholarly journals Eclesialidade e ciddania. O lugar do laicato no Documento de Aparecida

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (268) ◽  
pp. 977
Author(s):  
Maria Clara Lucchetti Bingemer
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Educational Development ◽  
Christian Life ◽  
Spiritual Dimension ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
To Come ◽  
America Latina ◽  
The Church

A V Conferência do Episcopado Latino-Americano, realizada em Aparecida no último mês de maio, trouxe consigo alguns pontos fortes a trabalhar para os próximos anos na Igreja do Continente. Este artigo pretende estudar as passagens que no Documento tratam da importância da formação de um laicato adulto e comprometido. Para isso, analisa a importância que o Documento dá à dimensão espiritual, da qual pode emergir o compromisso apostólico. Finalmente, procura assinalar a espiritualidade e a missão como os dois pilares para a vida cristã na América Latina e no Caribe nos próximos anos.Abstract: The 5th Conference of the Latin American Bishops, held in Aparecida last May, brought to the fore some of the strong points that must be developed in forthcoming years in the Church of the Continent. This article intends to study those passages of the Document that deal specifically with the educational development of a mature and committed laity. For this purpose, it analyses the importance that the Document attributes to the spiritual dimension from which the apostolic commitment may emerge. Finally, it attempts to emphasize the role of spirituality and of the mission as the two pillars for Christian life in Latin America and the Caribbean in the years to come.

scholarly journals Licencias de Paternidad y Permisos Parentales en América Latina y el Caribe. Herramientas Indispensables para Propiciar la Mayor Participación de los Padres en el Cuidado de los Hijos e Hijas

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
Carina Lupica
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Institutional Reform ◽  
Male Breadwinner ◽  
The World ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Male Workers

Institutional reform becomes necessary to accompany the entry of women into the labor market and promote greater involvement of men in caring for their children in most countries of Latin America and the Caribbean. So that both partners have a paid job and, in turn, exercise their shared parental responsibilities, it is required to extend to male workers care guarantees that are not exclusively linked to the biological reproductive role of women: pregnancy, childbirth and lactation. In that sense, paternity and parental leaves are useful tools to advance from the world of work towards overcoming the old model of "the male breadwinner and female housewife." However, these important changes alone are not enough. The implementation of positive actions is essential to stimulate the cultural change needed in order to foster a new perception of workers regarding family commitments.

“EDUCAR TRABAJANDO Y PRODUCIENDO”. LA APLICACIÓN DEL PROGRAMA DE EXPANSIÓN Y MEJORAMIENTO DE LA EDUCACIÓN TÉCNICO AGROPECUARIA EN EL NOROESTE ARGENTINO.

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Lorena Leguizamón
Keyword(s):  
Rural Education ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Technical Education ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Development Bank ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Local Impact ◽  
America Latina ◽  
La Rioja ◽  
Document Review

El programa de Expansión y Mejoramiento de la Educación Técnica Agropecuaria (E.M.E.T.A.) destinado a la escuela media rural empezó a pensarse para ser aplicado, en la región de América Latina, hacia fines de la década de 1970. En el transcurso de la década de 1980, se presentaron en Argentina, la mayor parte de los diagnósticos provinciales que describían la realidad de este tipo de enseñanza para las diferentes regiones del país. Con financiamiento del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (B.I.D.) así como del Ministerio de Educación Argentino se pone en marcha el programa para el total del país. La aplicación del programa difería de acuerdo a la necesidad de cada caso. Se presenta aquí la experiencia de una Escuela Agropecuaria situada en el Noroeste de Argentina, específicamente en la localidad de Chamical, provincia de La Rioja. El propósito, de este escrito, es analizar las formas de aplicación del programa EMETA y el impacto que tuvo el mismo en lo local. Como así también, es nuestra intención, poner a disposición estas experiencias, compartidas por distintas regiones de América Latina, para iniciar el diálogo posible entre las mismas. El método empleado para esta investigación fue mixto, entre revisión documental y entrevistas en profundidad. Como resultado pudimos recuperar la experiencia de aplicación del programa en esta zona de Argentina, también sienta un precedente esencial debido a que no se disponía de material édito específico. Palabras clave: Programa EMETA, Educación Rural en Argentina, Escuela Media, Enseñanza Técnica. Abstract The program called Expansion and Improvement of Agricultural Technical Education (EMETA by its acronym in Spanish), for rural middle schools was meant to be applied in Latin America in the late 1970s. During the 1980s in Argentina, most of the provincial diagnoses describing the reality of this kind of education for each region of the country were presented. .The program started nation-wide with funding from the Inter-American Development Bank (BID) and the Argentinean Ministry of Education. Application differed according to the needs of each case. The experience presented here is that of an Agricultural School located northwest of Argentina, in Chamical, province of La Rioja. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the various forms of application of the EMETA program and is local impact. Such experiences are made available, shared by different regions of Latin America, to start a possible dialogue among them. The method used for this research combined document review and interviews. As a result we were able to recover the application experience of the program in this area of Argentina, setting an important precedent because there was no specific printed material available. Keywords: EMETA Program, Argentinian Rural Education, High School, Technical Education. Recibido: septiembre de 2014Aprobado: noviembre de 2014

scholarly journals Importancia de la educación ambiental en la gestión del riesgo socio-natural en cinco países de América Latina y el Caribe

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Martha Melizza Ordóñez-Díaz ◽  
Luisa María Montes-Arias ◽  
Giovanna Del Pilar Garzón-Cortes
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Environmental Education ◽  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Legislative Organization ◽  
Natural Risk ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Post Disaster

Considering environmental education as a social tool allowing individuals to achieve a significant knowledge of the inhabited environment, to reduce the probability of occurrence of a disaster, and to respond to the presence of natural phenomena to which people are vulnerable, this article aims to generate a space for reflection on the importance of environmental education in the management of the social and natural risk in five countries of Latin America and the Caribbean. For this purpose, the paper presents a descriptive review of primary and secondary bibliographical sources referring to the performance of the management of social and natural risks related to environmental education in Colombia, Nicaragua, Mexico, Chile, and Jamaica between 1994 and 2015. In this period, a solid administrative and legislative organization of this management and environmental education is evident, but these two themes are clearly separated when implementing citizen projects: a situation that has generated shortcomings in the management of natural disasters, specifically under the principles of precaution and prevention. For this reason, this article offers a series of recommendations that include the dissemination of information, the creation of centers for the management of risk reduction, the strengthening of communication strategies, and the establishment of response plans and post-disaster recovery. 

scholarly journals Las diferencias en las calificaciones entre estudiantes primarios según la situación de pobreza de cada cual: Análisis de descomposición para 17 países de América Latina y del Caribe

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Jorge Augusto Paz
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Transfer Programs ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Relevant Variables ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
America Latina ◽  
The Many

This paper describes one of the ways in which poverty and economic inequality is reproduced in Latin America. This study analyzed certain mechanisms of educational social exclusion among children attending the sixth grade of the primary education in 17 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. The study shows the intergenerational transmission of poverty and inequality through education is one of the mechanisms that slow convergence towards decent living standards, while uncovering one of the many processes of the violation of rights of children contemplated in the Convention on the Rights of the Child. On the other hand, this study seeks to identify relevant variables to enumerate public policy actions, such as Conditional Transfer Programs aimed at breaking the cycle of–or reducing the intensity of–the reproduction of the poverty and the inequality. To this end, the conditioning opportunities are distinguished (called "endowments") from those that operate independently, so that identical opportunities generate different results.

scholarly journals O Brasil na América Latina na concepção de Manoel Bomfim

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Cristiane Da Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Social Thought ◽  
Historical Interpretation ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Social Economic Development

Resumo:O presente artigo investiga as narrativas de Bomfim e sua concepção sobre o Brasil na América Latina a partir da análise da obra América Latina: Males de origem e permite refletir sobre alguns aspectos dos discursos na virada do século XIX para o XX, visto que a perspectiva de análise de Bomfim intentou romper com estigmas relativos ao Brasil e à América Latina no que diz respeito ao desenvolvimento econômico e social. Palavras chave: Manoel Bomfim; História; interpretação historiográfica; pensamento social brasileiro; progresso socioeconômico; Brasil; América Latina; Investigação.Resumen:Este artículo investiga las narrativas de Manoel Bomfim y su concepción sobre el Brasil y la América Latina a partir del análisis de la obra América Latina: Males de origen, y permite reflexionar sobre algunos aspectos de los discursos en la transición del siglo XIX para el XX, considerando que la perspectiva de análisis de Bomfim intentó romper con estigmas sobre el Brasil y América Latina en lo que concierne al desarrollo económico y social.  Palabras clave: Manoel Bomfim; Historia; interpretación historiográfica; pensamiento social brasileño; progreso socio-económico; Brasil; América Latina; Investigación.Abstract:This article researches Manoel Bomfim’s narratives and his conception of Brasil and Latin America  based on the study of América Latina: Males de Origem, and allows us to reflect on some aspects of  discourses regarding the transition from the XIXth centuty to the XXth, taking into consideration that Bomfim tried to finish with the stigma of Brasil and Latin America’s economic and social development.  Keywords: Manoel Bomfim; history; historical interpretation; Brazilian social thought; social-economic development; Brazil; Latin America; research.

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