scholarly journals Almidones de Cáscara de Yuca (Manihot Esculenta) y Papa (Solanum Tuberosum) para Producción de Bioplásticos: Propiedades Mecánicas y Efecto Gelatinizante

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Carla Virginia Vélez Martinez ◽  
Xiomara Soledad Zambrano Murillo ◽  
María Hipatia Delgado Demera ◽  
Gabriel Alfonso Burgos Briones ◽  
Carlos Alfredo Cedeño Palacios
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Large Space ◽  
Potato Peels ◽  
High Amylose

  Los productos biodegradables basados en materias primas agrícolas ocupan un gran espacio en las investigaciones para el desarrollo y mejoramiento de bioplástico a base de almidón que presentan propiedades similares a los plásticos convencionales. El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en describir la gelatinización y propiedades mecánicas de bioplásticos extraídos de almidones tanto de cáscaras de yuca (Manihot esculenta) como de cáscaras de papa (Solanum tuberosum). A partir de una revisión bibliográfica literaria complementada con aproximadamente 86 artículos científicos se logró comprobar que la gelatinización de estos residuos en función de sus propiedades fisicoquímicas y funcionales, mejoran sus propiedades mecánicas, además la adición de sustancias poliméricas sintéticas y naturales, plastificantes, materiales de relleno, aditivos, agentes acoplantes, agentes desestructurantes y agua otorgaron las propiedades mecánicas necesarias para trabajar como un termoplástico. Si bien ambos almidones presentan propiedades mecánicas viables para la elaboración de biopolímeros, se logra concluir que el almidón de cáscara de papa puede alcanzar un bioplástico con mejores propiedades mecánicas debido a que presenta gránulos más esféricos y regulares, los cuales pueden formar estructuras moleculares más estables, así como su alto contenido de amilosa favorece en la gelatinización y logra que la fuerza de tensión presente un incremento en comparación al almidón de cáscara de yuca.   Palabra clave: Almidón, gelatinización, papa, propiedades mecánicas, yuca.   Abstract Biodegradable products based on agricultural raw materials occupy a large space in research for the development and improvement of starch-based bioplastics that have properties similar to conventional plastics. The objective of this work was to describe the gelatinization and mechanical properties of bioplastics extracted from starches both from cassava peels (Manihot esculenta) and potato peels (Solanum tuberosum). From a literary bibliographic review complemented with approximately 86 scientific articles. it was possible to verify that the gelatinization of these residues based on their physicochemical and functional properties, improves their mechanical properties. Moreover, the addition of synthetic and natural polymeric substances, plasticizers, fillers, additives, coupling agents, destructuring agents, and water will give the necessary mechanical properties to work as a thermoplastic. Although both starches have viable mechanical properties for the production of biopolymers, it is possible to conclude that potato peel starch can achieve a bioplastic with better mechanical properties due to the fact that it presents more spherical and regular granules, which can form more stable molecular structures; as well as, its high amylose content favors gelatinization and achieves an increase in the tensile strength compared to cassava shell starch.  Keywords: Gelatinization, mechanical properties, yucca, potato, starch.

scholarly journals Potentials of Edible Canna (Canna edulis Kerr) Starch for Bioplastic: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-191
Author(s):  
Azmi Alvian Gabriel ◽  
◽  
Anggita Fitri Solikhah ◽  
Alifia Yuanika Rahmawati ◽  
Yunita Sasmi Taradipa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Carbohydrate Source ◽  
Polybutylene Succinate ◽  
Treatment Use ◽  
High Amylose ◽  
Short Time

Starch-based bioplastic was more economical and competitive compared to bacteria-based bioplastics (polylactic acid, polybutylene succinate, and polyhydroxyalkanoates) due to the starch variances and the availability in Indonesia, along with the simple techniques that can be applied. This review aimed to describe the potential and opportunities of edible canna starch as an alternative raw material of bioplastics production. Edible canna tuber productivity in Java, Indonesia, with a harvest age of about eight months reaches 30-49.4 tons/ha. It will produce a mature segment 70.2% of the total harvest weight. Edible canna tuber was a carbohydrate source that contains 88.10% starch with an advantage of 68% higher fiber and mineral content than other tubers. Furthermore, canna tuber starch contains amylose proportions of 35.0%. The high amylose content in canna starch is one of the properties that can position its function for developing packaging materials. The gelatinization process of canna starch requires a short time and low energy because of its large granule size (56 μm). A literature review of canna starch as an alternative of bioplastic raw materials needs to be carried out to obtain accurate data and information regarding treatment, use of additional materials, and characteristics of bioplastic products resulting from experimental studies so that they can be further implemented.

Physical And Mechanical Properties Of Biodegradable Plastic Produced From Jackfruit (Artocarpus Heterophyllus) Seed and Sago Starch Blend

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junaidah Md Sani ◽  
Nur Sha'adah Zainuddin ◽  
Mohd Suhazree Mohd Azhar ◽  
Fairuzdzah Ahmad Lothfy
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Biodegradable Plastic ◽  
Sago Starch ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Blend Ratio ◽  
Artocarpus Heterophyllus

Background: Jackfruit (Artocarpus Heterophyllus) is a tropical fruit that has high amylose content in its seeds similar to sago starch. Thus, jackfruit seeds and sago are suitable raw materials for the production of biodegradable plastic (BGP). Objective: The objective of this research is to investigate the physical and mechanical properties of BGP produced from the blend of jackfruit seed and sago starch. The BGP was prepared by mixing different ratios of the jackfruit seed flour to the sago flour in distilled water with the addition of 0.1 M hydrochloric acid (HCl). The mixture was stirred and heated at 80 °C and later mixed with glycerol. The mixture was neutralized with 0.1 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and was casted by using casting plate technique Results: The results showed that the optimum tensile strength was was obtained at 2.06 MPa. at the blend ratio of 7:3. The maximum absorption rate of water ranged from 32 % to 34 % occurred at the blend ratio of 1:9 while the lowest absorption rate ranged from 21% to 26% occurred at the blend ratio of 5:5. The degradability of BGP was indicated by decreasing of the FT-IR spectra peaks intensity and broadening of the bandwidth due to degradation of starch in the BGP. Conclusion: The blend ratio of 10:0 showed the highest degradability rate. Conclusively, that the physical and mechanical properties are affected by the blend ratios.

Modified Polysaccharides as New Commodity Materials and for Light-Converting Systems: Syntheses, Characterization and Processing

2010 ◽  
Vol 636-637 ◽  
pp. 779-786
Author(s):  
T. Greco ◽  
A. Lehmann ◽  
M.H. Nejad ◽  
B. Volkert
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Tape Casting ◽  
Lanthanum Phosphate ◽  
System A ◽  
Fluorescence Radiation ◽  
Organic Laser ◽  
High Amylose

Potato starch (PS), also one amylose-rich starch (high amylose maize starch, HAMS) and one amlyopectin-rich starch (waxymaize starch, WMS) were used for the syntheses as raw materials. Starch acetates were synthesized by reaction with acetic acid anhydride and potassium carbonate as activator. Tests of thermoplastic processability of the starch acetates were performed by extrusion followed by injection molding to specimens. Glycerine triacetate (triacetin, TAc) was attached as plasticizer to starch acetate. For this system a processing procedure was acquired under variation of different parameters. Starch- and cellulose-based films containing inorganic luminescent quantum dots, namely europium doped yttrium vanadate (YVO4:Eu) and cerium and terbium doped lanthanum phosphate (LaPO4:Ce,Tb) as well as an organic laser dye (naphthaldiimide, LV 570) were prepared by tape casting and air brush technique. Under UV-light exposure, they show a bright fluorescence radiation depending on the incorporate dye or quantum dot.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Solanum tuberosum L. and Manihot esculenta Starch as Pharmaceutical Excipients: Assessment by Preformulation Studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Mahadi Hasan ◽  
Md Sohel Rana ◽  
Nizam Uddin ◽  
Kazi Jamiur Rahman ◽  
Sanchita Sharmin Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Ir Spectra ◽  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Moisture Sorption ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Pharmaceutical Excipients ◽  
Swelling Capacity

This investigation was aimed at comparing the newly developed starches from two grains; Potato (Solanum tuberosum) and Cassava (Manihot esculenta). The presence of starch in as these grains vary and thus their use as pharmaceutical excipients will depend on the degree of their starch functionality. The organoleptic and physicochemical characteristics such as viscosity, swelling capacity, moisture sorption capacity, pH, flow rate, Carr’s index, and Hausner’s ratio were evaluated. The powders passed the identification and solubility tests as required by the British Pharmacopoeia. Cassava starch showed the least Carr’s index, Hausner’s ratio and moisture sorption capacity but displayed more angle of repose and true density than the potato starch. In contrast, potato starch showed the highest hydration and swelling-capacity. That is why, potato starch could be a better tablet disintegrant compared to cassava starch. The results obtained demonstrated that between the two starches in relation to their flow ability, cassava starch possesses the best flow property. Infrared (IR) spectra of potato and cassava starch with the drug sample (Etoricoxib) were seen to retain the individual peak of potato and cassava starch and the IR spectra showed that there was no interaction of starch with the drug. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v17i2.22328 Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 17(2): 128-134, 2014

Effect of Amylose Content on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Potato-Starch-Based Edible Films

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 658-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riku A. Talja ◽  
Marko Peura ◽  
Ritva Serimaa ◽  
Kirsi Jouppila
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Edible Films

scholarly journals Production, characterization, and mechanical properties of starch modified by Ophiostoma spp.

BioResources ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Bei Huang ◽  
Robert Jeng ◽  
Mohini Sain ◽  
Bradley A. Saville ◽  
Martin Hubbes
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Peak Stress ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Microbial Conversion ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Relationship Of

Microbial modification of starch with Ophiostoma spp . was investigated, with the purpose of developing a novel packaging material for the food or pharmaceutical industries. Various starch sources, such as tapioca, potato, corn, rice and amylopectin were tested as raw materials. The initial screening demonstrated that tapioca and potato starch had better performance for biopolymer production. The yield was about 85%. Preliminary characterization of the modified biopolymer was also conducted. Following microbial conversion, the percentage of molecules with at least a Mw of 10M Daltons increased from 25% to 89% after 3 days, confirming that the modification increased the weight of the starch polymer. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) revealed changes in the chemical structure of the starch after the modification. Both pure starches and the modified biopolymers were cast into films and tested for mechanical properties. The tensile tests showed that after treatment with the fungus, the peak stress and modulus of the films increased about 10 and 40 times, respectively. Also, the water barrier property was improved. Therefore, microbial modification positively impacted proper-ties relevant to the proposed applications . Although the role of the fungus in the modification and the function-property relationship of the biopolymer are not yet completely clear, the results of this study show promise for development of a novel biopolymer that competes with existing packaging materials.

scholarly journals Effect of the Botanical Origin on Properties of RS3/4 Type Resistant Starch

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Zięba ◽  
Małgorzata Kapelko-Żeberska ◽  
Artur Gryszkin ◽  
Aleksandra Wilczak ◽  
Bartosz Raszewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Wheat Starch ◽  
Botanical Origin ◽  
Amylolytic Enzymes ◽  
Solubility In Water ◽  
Retrograded Starch ◽  
Water Swelling

This study aimed to compare properties of retrograded starch acetates with an identical degree of substitution, but produced from raw materials of various botanical origin. Retrograded starch was produced from potato, wheat, corn, and tapioca starch, and afterwards acetylated with an acetic acid anhydride, adjusting reagent doses to achieve an identical degree of esterification of the modified preparation (2.1 g/100 g). Preparations of retrograded starch and acetylated retrograded starch differed significantly in their properties, which was due to the disparate botanical origin of starch. The highest susceptibility to acetylation was demonstrated for potato starch, and the lowest one for wheat starch. Acetylation of retrograded starch of various botanical origin increased its solubility in water, swelling power and viscosity of its pastes, as well as decreased its amylose content. Preparations of acetylated retrograded starches of disparate botanical origins may be deemed preparations of RS3/4 type resistant starch because they exhibit significant (23.5–34.0%) resistance to the activity of amylolytic enzymes.

scholarly journals Primary Quality Control Parameters for Cassava Raw Materials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadrack Mubanga Chisenga
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Quality Characteristic ◽  
Minor Components ◽  
Genetic Trait ◽  
Quality Control Parameters ◽  
High Amylose ◽  
Shelf Stable

Fresh cassava roots are transformed into shelf stable raw materials (flours and extracted starches). Chemical composition (moisture, protein, lipid, fibre and amylose content, cyanide contents), dry matter, starch extraction yields, particle size distribution and whiteness index are some of the quality characteristic requirements for selection of varieties in breeding programs, and raw materials for industrial processes. Starch yields ranges 20–35%, and vary with genotype. The crude protein (1–2%) and crude fat (∼1%) are considered minor components of cassava and are indicative of the poor nutritional quality. The cumulative of particles passing finer than sieve (D90) is commonly selected for industrial applications because it yields a large proportion of flour in the range 90–96% finer particle than sieve size. The amylose is the main genetic trait for categorising starches into waxy, semi-waxy, normal/regular and high amylose types when amylose content is 0–2, 3–15, 16–35, and > 35% of the total starch, respectively. Additionally, amylose is basic criteria for blending flours of different botanical sources. Cassava varieties are classified as sweet and bitter varieties when cyanide values are in the range 15–50 and 50–400 ppm, respectively. The a* (redness-greenness) and b* (yellowish) are considered as impurities in white fleshed cassava.

UTILIZATION OF DNA MARKERS FOR EVALUATING AMYLOSE CONTENT OF GRAIN IN RICE

2013 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dương Thanh Thủy ◽  
Taiichiro Ookawa
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Waxy Gene ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Branching Enzymes ◽  
Wx Gene ◽  
High Amylose ◽  
Suitable Marker ◽  
Granule Bound Starch Synthase

The sensory and functional properties of rice are predominantly associated with its amylose content. Granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) encoded by the Waxy (Wx) gene determines the synthesis of amylose, while starch branching enzymes encoded by Sbe genes are involved in the formation of amylopectin. Some studies have demonstrated that Wx gene is the major controller of amylose content but there are one or more modifying genes affecting the amylose content. Three markers,  microsatellite, Single – nucleotide – polymorphism (G/T SNP) in Wx gene and Single – nucleotide – polymorphism (T/C SNP) in Sbe1 gene, were tested for their association with amylose content using sixty-nine  rice accessions from twenty countries. Of the three markers, two markers in Wx gene are significantly associated with amylose content. The combination of two markers in Wx gene (haplotypes) explained 83.8% of the variation in amylose content and discriminated the three market classes of glutinous, low, intermediate and high amylose content of rice from each other. And T/C SNP in Sbe1 locus was not a suitable marker for amylose content. Keywords: marker, amylose content, Waxy gene.

The Sintering Behaviour and Mechanical Properties of Hydroxyapatite - Based Composites for Bone Tissue Regeneration

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1272-1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camelia Tecu ◽  
Aurora Antoniac ◽  
Gultekin Goller ◽  
Mustafa Guven Gok ◽  
Marius Manole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Cosmetic Surgery ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Oyster Shell ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Sintering Behavior ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
Human Teeth

Bone reconstruction is a complex process which involves an osteoconductive matrix, osteoinductive signaling, osteogenic cells, vascularization and mechanical stability. Lately, to improve the healing of the bone defects and to accelerate the bone fusion and bone augmentation, bioceramic composite materials have been used as bone substitutes in the field of orthopedics and dentistry, as well as in cosmetic surgery. Of all types of bioceramics, the most used is hydroxyapatite, because of its similar properties to those of the human bone and better mechanical properties compared to b-tricalcium phosphate [1]. Currently, the most used raw materials sources for obtaining the hydroxyapatite are: bovine bone, seashells, corals, oyster shell, eggshells and human teeth. There are two common ways to obtain hydroxyapatite: synthetically and naturally. Generally, for the improvement of the mechanical properties and the structural one, hydroxyapatite is subjected to the sintering process. Considering the disadvantages of hydroxyapatite such as poor biodegradation rate, b-TCP has been developed, which has some disadvantages too, such as brittleness. For this reason, the aim of this study is to look into the effect of adding magnesium oxide on the sintering behavior, the structure and the mechanical properties of the hydroxyapatite-tricalcium phosphate composites.

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