scholarly journals Influence of plant residues on the agrophysical properties of southern chernozem under different techniques of winter wheat sowing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Gongalo ◽  
◽  
E.N. Turin ◽  
K.G. Zhenchenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
No Till ◽  
Southern Chernozem ◽  
Optimal Values

A research was carried out to evaluate the effect of winter wheat plant residues on the content of productive moisture and on the soil structure and physical state under different tillage in the Steppe Crimea. A reliable moisture accumulation (115 mm in a meter soil layer) was revealed at the experimental plots where no-till was applied. The quality of soil structure under both farming systems (no-till and traditional one) can be assessed as an excellent one. Values are in the range of 78.0-81.3%. The coefficient of soil structure is in optimal values and averages 4.3.

scholarly journals Taxonomic structure of the southern chernozem under application of biological preparations and different farming systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (3) ◽  
pp. 032011
Author(s):  
T N Melnichuk ◽  
S F Abdurashytov ◽  
A Yu Egovtseva ◽  
E R Abdurashytova ◽  
E N Turin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Farming Systems ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
Virgin Soil ◽  
No Till ◽  
Southern Chernozem

Abstract The study of the taxonomic structure of the southern chernozem under influence of microbial preparations and various farming systems in the conditions of the southern steppe zone has been carried out. Metagenomic analysis of the microbiome of southern chernozem showed the presence of 174 genera representatives of prokaryotes, among which 17 are dominant, representing more than 1%. Farming systems cause changes in the taxonomic structure of the microbiome in comparison with virgin soil in the steppe zone. The influence of microbial preparations of complex action on the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microbiome of southern chernozem and increasing under no-till farming system has been established. The maximum content of water-soluble organic matter was found in virgin soil, which has higher amount of plant residues, up to 491 mg/kg of soil. Under the influence of farming systems its amount decreased in 4.2-8.5 times. The use of a complex of microbial preparations in the southern chernozem contributed to an increase in the amount of water-soluble fraction of humus depending on the farming system: 1.7 times with the conventional farming system and 3 times with no-till compared to the control without CMP.

scholarly journals Weed Flora and Soil Seed Bank Composition as Affected by Tillage System in Three-Year Crop Rotation

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Feledyn-Szewczyk ◽  
Janusz Smagacz ◽  
Cezary A. Kwiatkowski ◽  
Elżbieta Harasim ◽  
Andrzej Woźniak
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
No Till ◽  
Weed Flora ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Direct Sowing

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest around agricultural science and practice in conservation tillage systems that are compatible with sustainable agriculture. The aim of this study was to assess the qualitative and quantitative changes in weed flora and soil seed bank under reduced tillage and no-till (direct sowing) in comparison with traditional ploughing. In the crop rotation: pea/rape—winter wheat—winter wheat the number and dry weight of weeds increased with the simplification of tillage. The seed bank was the largest under direct sowing and about three times smaller in traditional ploughing. Under direct sowing, most weed seeds were accumulated in the top soil layer 0–5 cm, while in the ploughing system most weed seeds occurred in deeper layers: 5–10 and 10–20 cm. In the reduced and no-till systems, a greater percentage of perennial and invasive species, such as Conyza canadensis L., was observed. The results show that it is possible to maintain weed infestation in the no-till system at a level that does not significantly affect winter wheat yield and does not pose a threat of perennial and invasive weeds when effective herbicide protection is applied.

scholarly journals Influence of the tillage method on the development of leaf diseases of winter wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 02027
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Kremneva ◽  
K. E. Gasiyan ◽  
A. V. Ponomarev ◽  
A. Kokhmetova ◽  
S. I. Novoseletsky
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
No Till ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Tillage Method ◽  
Experimental Plots

To carry out effective plant protection measures, it is necessary to take into account all the factors affecting the quality of the crop. The aim of our research was to study the degree of development of leaf diseases of winter wheat and the rate of infestation of crops, depending on the tillage method. The studies were carried out in 2019-2020 at the experimental plots of “Kuban educational farm” in Krasnodar. For the research, four experimental plots with Steppe variety of soft winter wheat were created, where various soil cultivation systems were applied: 1 - No-Till (zero technology), 2 - moldboard-free technology, 3 - recommended, 4 - moldboard technology. The article presents data on the degree of development of diseases and the degree of infestation of winter wheat plants in the crops of test plots with various tillage systems. It was found that the most preferable is the use of the recommended type of treatment, since with it the least number of diseases develops and the degree of development of pathogens is reduced by 2-3 times in comparison with other options. The influence of the tillage method on the number and composition of phytopathogen spores was revealed.

Farming systems and conservation needs in the Northwest Wheat Region

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 52-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.I. Papendick
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Winter Precipitation ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
No Till

AbstractThe Northwest Wheat Region is a contiguous belt of 3.3 million ha in Idaho, Oregon and Washington. Its climate varies from subhumid (<650 mm annual precipitation) to semiarid (<350 mm), with more than 60% of the annual precipitation occurring during the winter. Winter wheat yields range from a high of 8 t/ha in the wetter zones to a low of 1.5 t/ha in the drier zones. Winter wheat is grown in rotation with spring cereals and pulses where annual precipitation exceeds 450 mm; winter wheat-fallow prevails where annual precipitation is less than 330 mm. Tillage practices are designed to maximize infiltration and retention of water through soil surface and crop residue management. Because of the combination of winter precipitation, steep topography, and winter wheat cropping, much of the region is subject to a severe water erosion hazard, accentuated by freeze-thaw cycles that increase surface runoff and weaken the soil structure. Wind erosion is a major problem in the drier zones, where cover is less and soils are higher in sand. Residue management, primarily through reduced tillage and no-till systems, is the first defense against both wind and water erosion, but yields often are higher with conventional intensive ti llage. Factors that limit yields with conservation farming include weed and disease problems and th e lack of suitable tillage and seeding equipment. Conservation strategies must shift from relying on traditional tillage methods to development of complete no-till systems. Spring cropping as a replacement for winter wheat also needs to be investigated. In some cases, tillage for water conservation must be made compatible with tillage for erosion control.

scholarly journals YIELD AND QUALITY OF WINTER WHEAT GRAIN ON THE BACKGROUND OF FERTILIZERS AND DIRECT SOWING ON ORDINARY CHERNOZEM UNDER STAVROPOL CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (24) ◽  
pp. 183-194
Author(s):  
N.N. Shapovalova ◽  
◽  
A.A. Voropaeva ◽  
N.A. Galushko ◽  
E.A. Menkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Preceding Crop ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
No Till ◽  
Direct Sowing

The problem of reducing crop yields during the transition from classical technology of cultivation to the technology without tillage (no-till) can be solved by the most effective use of fertilizers. The purpose of the research was to study the influence of mineral fertilizers on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain under direct sowing in the Stavropol Territory. Studies were carried out in 2015-2019 on the experimental field of the North Caucasus Federal Agricultural Research Centre. Winter wheat was sown using two cultivation techniques for growing crops with and without disturbing the soil through tillage. Preceding crops – pea and sunflower. Fertilizers were added to the rows simultaneously with the Triticum vulgare L. sowing; topsoil dressing was carried out using N52 according to the method of splitting dividers. Options (amount of fertilizers added to the rows): 1. Without fertilizers; 2. N6Р26; 3. N12Р52; 4. N24Р104; 5. N52Р52; 6. N52Р52К52; 7. N52; 8. N104Р52К52. In the third year of direct sowing (2017–2019), winter wheat showed high responsiveness to the addition of all doses of fertilizers in rows. The yield increase in case of pea being preceding crop varied between 0.76-3.06 t/ha; sunflower – 0.51–2.75 t/ha. N104P52K5 contributed to the highest and most stable yield – 6.89 t/ha and 5.92 t/ha after pea and sunflower, respectively. The increase from 1 kg of the active substance of the fertilizer was 14.7 and 13.2 kg of grain. The use of this dose of fertilizer minimized crop losses compared to the first year of wheat cultivation using no-till farming and classical agricultural technique. At the same time, the 3rd and 4th class grain was formed. Higher content of raw gluten compared to other doses of fertilizers was noted likewise: 1.6–9.8 % (preceding crop – pea) and 1.1–11.5 % (preceding crop – sunflower) more. Nitrogen fertilization played a significant role in increasing yields only after sunflower (the average increase was 0.21–0.86 t/ha).

scholarly journals State of microbiocenosis of southern chernozem under the no-till system

2020 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 04009
Author(s):  
T N Melnichuk ◽  
A Yu Egovtseva ◽  
S F Abdurashytov ◽  
E R Abdurashytova ◽  
E N Turin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
The State ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Virgin Soil ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
No Till ◽  
Southern Chernozem ◽  
Direct Sowing

Agricultural technologies aimed at reducing the tillage can be adopted as safer farming methods to preserve and improve the diversity of soil microbial communities. The area under the promising resource-saving no-till system (direct sowing) is increase in the conditions of the Steppe annually. The use of herbicides in such a farming system causes a negative effect on the soil biocenosis. But the introduction of agronomically useful microorganisms into the rhizosphere are increasing the resistance of plants against stress factors, their yields and product quality, and preserving soil fertility. The objective of this research was to assess the state of microbiocenosis of southern chernozem under the influence of no-till system and a complex of microbial preparations. The influence of direct sowing and microbial preparations on the state of microbocenosis of southern chernozem was established. The number of cellulolytic microorganisms increased under the influence of farming systems in comparison with the virgin soil. The use of microbial preparations contributed to an increase in the number of microorganisms of ecological and trophic groups and the representation of the majority of phyla, which also depended on the system of agriculture. A decrease in the representation of Acidobacteria and Verrucomicrobia and an increase in Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were observed in comparison with virgin soil.

scholarly journals Content of macronutrients in the plant residues of winter wheat while minimizing primary tillage

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 02005
Author(s):  
Dmitry Dubovik ◽  
Elena Dubovik ◽  
Alexander Shumakov ◽  
Bogdan Roik
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Large Mass ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Primary Tillage ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Negative Balance ◽  
Direct Sowing

As a result of the research, the influence of primary tillage practices (plowing, combined tillage, surface tillage, direct sowing) was studied on the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in plant residues in the soil, in the straw and grain of winter wheat, under the conditions of chernozem soils of Kursk Region. The balance of macronutrients coming from plant residues was calculated. It was found that in the spring period in the soil layer 0-20 cm under winter wheat there was more undecayed plant residues when subsoil practices of primary tillage were used. At the same time, as the depth of tillage decreased, a large mass of plant residues was concentrated in the upper 0-10 cm layer of the soil. By the harvest period, there was an increase in the amount of plant residues in the soil by 2.96-4.62 t/ha. At the same time, the highest indicators were observed in case of plowing and direct sowing 4.62 and 4.53 t/ha, respectively. The highest reserves of nitrogen and potassium in undecayed plant residues under winter wheat in the soil were found when using direct sowing (36.0 kg/ha), those of phosphorus when plowing (10.5 kg/ha) was used in the soil layer of 010 cm. The highest mass of winter wheat straw was formed against the background of plowing (6.2 t/ha), while the content of phosphorus and potassium in it was the highest (0.26% and 1.10%, respectively). The highest yield of winter wheat grain was formed against the background of plowing (4.40 t/ha), the lowest yield was with direct sowing (3.26 t/ha). Without the use of mineral fertilizers, a negative balance of macronutrients was formed.

scholarly journals Microbiocenosis of southern chernozem under the influence of no-till

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.N. Melnichuk ◽  
◽  
A.Yu. Egovtseva ◽  
S.F. Abdurashitov ◽  
E.R. Abdurashytova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Metagenomic Analysis ◽  
Trophic Groups ◽  
Virgin Soil ◽  
Cellulolytic Microorganisms ◽  
No Till ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Southern Chernozem

The purpose of the research was to assess microbocenosis of the southern chernozem under the influence of no-till and microbial preparations. A metagenomic analysis of the southern chernozem revealed 12 phyla, including 11 bacteria and 1 archaeon. The number of cellulolytic microorganisms increased under the influence of farming systems compared to virgin soil. The use of microbial preparations contributed to an increase in the number of microorganisms of ecological-trophic groups and the representation of the majority of phyla, which also depended on the farming system.

scholarly journals The influence of farming systems and microbial preparations on the structure of the microbocenosis of the rhizosphere of Triticum aestivum L.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Egovtseva ◽  
T. N. Melnichuk ◽  
S. F. Abdurashitov
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
Traditional Farming ◽  
Wheat Rhizosphere ◽  
Rhizosphere Microbiome ◽  
No Till

The use of microbial preparations contributed to a change in the taxonomic structure of winter wheat rhizosphere microbiome was established. A more significant effect of microbial preparations was noted under no-till technology on the structure of the microbiome than with the traditional farming system.

scholarly journals Kualitas Struktur Tanah di Setiap Bentuklahan di DAS Kaliwungu

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adhera Sukmawijaya ◽  
Junun Sartohadi
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Visual Evaluation ◽  
Structure Quality ◽  
Sustainable Soil Management ◽  
Aerial Vehicle

Pengelolaan tanah untuk pertanian yang berkelanjutan perlu untuk memeperhatikan 2 hal, yaitu bentuklahan dan tanah. Faktor tanah yang perlu diperhatikan adalah struktur tanah. Penelitian yang fokus pada bentuklahan, struktur tanah, dan implikasinya pada pengelolan belum pernah dilakukan di DAS Kaliwungu. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis struktur tanah pada setiap bentuklahan sebagai dasar untuk pengelolaan tanah yang berkelanjutan. Kualitas struktur tanah ditentukan dari observasi profil tanah pada setiap bentuklahan. Identifikasi bentuklahan dilakukan berdasarkan pengumpulan data dari Kendaraan Nirawak. Viusal Evaluation of Subsoil Strucutre (SubVESS) digunakan untuk menentukan kualitas struktur tanah berdasarkan karakteristik struktur tanah. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa area penelitian memiliki kualitas struktur tanah yang baik dengan mayoritas nilai kualitas strutktur tanah yang berkisan antara Ssq 1-3. Tidak diperlukan adanya perubahan dalam pengelolaan tanah pada area kajian.Soil management for sustainable agriculture needs to focus on 2 things, which are landform and soil. Soil factor that needs to be focused on is soil structure. The study that focused on landform, soil structure and its implication on soil management has never been done in Kaliwungu Watershed. This research aims to analyze soil structure on every landform as the basis to determine sustainable soil management. Soil structure quality was determine by soil profile observation on every landform. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) photographic data was used to identify each landform. Visual Evaluation of Subsoil Structure (SubVESS) was used to identify the quality of soil structure based on its characteristic. The result shows that study area has a good soil structure quality with the majority of soil layer has a good soil structure quality (Ssq 1-3). There is no need to change in soil management is needed.

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