scholarly journals Microbiocenosis of southern chernozem under the influence of no-till

Author(s):  
T.N. Melnichuk ◽  
◽  
A.Yu. Egovtseva ◽  
S.F. Abdurashitov ◽  
E.R. Abdurashytova ◽  
...  

The purpose of the research was to assess microbocenosis of the southern chernozem under the influence of no-till and microbial preparations. A metagenomic analysis of the southern chernozem revealed 12 phyla, including 11 bacteria and 1 archaeon. The number of cellulolytic microorganisms increased under the influence of farming systems compared to virgin soil. The use of microbial preparations contributed to an increase in the number of microorganisms of ecological-trophic groups and the representation of the majority of phyla, which also depended on the farming system.

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (3) ◽  
pp. 032011
Author(s):  
T N Melnichuk ◽  
S F Abdurashytov ◽  
A Yu Egovtseva ◽  
E R Abdurashytova ◽  
E N Turin ◽  
...  

Abstract The study of the taxonomic structure of the southern chernozem under influence of microbial preparations and various farming systems in the conditions of the southern steppe zone has been carried out. Metagenomic analysis of the microbiome of southern chernozem showed the presence of 174 genera representatives of prokaryotes, among which 17 are dominant, representing more than 1%. Farming systems cause changes in the taxonomic structure of the microbiome in comparison with virgin soil in the steppe zone. The influence of microbial preparations of complex action on the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microbiome of southern chernozem and increasing under no-till farming system has been established. The maximum content of water-soluble organic matter was found in virgin soil, which has higher amount of plant residues, up to 491 mg/kg of soil. Under the influence of farming systems its amount decreased in 4.2-8.5 times. The use of a complex of microbial preparations in the southern chernozem contributed to an increase in the amount of water-soluble fraction of humus depending on the farming system: 1.7 times with the conventional farming system and 3 times with no-till compared to the control without CMP.


2020 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 04009
Author(s):  
T N Melnichuk ◽  
A Yu Egovtseva ◽  
S F Abdurashytov ◽  
E R Abdurashytova ◽  
E N Turin ◽  
...  

Agricultural technologies aimed at reducing the tillage can be adopted as safer farming methods to preserve and improve the diversity of soil microbial communities. The area under the promising resource-saving no-till system (direct sowing) is increase in the conditions of the Steppe annually. The use of herbicides in such a farming system causes a negative effect on the soil biocenosis. But the introduction of agronomically useful microorganisms into the rhizosphere are increasing the resistance of plants against stress factors, their yields and product quality, and preserving soil fertility. The objective of this research was to assess the state of microbiocenosis of southern chernozem under the influence of no-till system and a complex of microbial preparations. The influence of direct sowing and microbial preparations on the state of microbocenosis of southern chernozem was established. The number of cellulolytic microorganisms increased under the influence of farming systems in comparison with the virgin soil. The use of microbial preparations contributed to an increase in the number of microorganisms of ecological and trophic groups and the representation of the majority of phyla, which also depended on the system of agriculture. A decrease in the representation of Acidobacteria and Verrucomicrobia and an increase in Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were observed in comparison with virgin soil.


Author(s):  
T.N. Melnichuk ◽  
◽  
A.A. Gongalo ◽  
A.Yu. Egovtseva ◽  
E.R. Abdurashytova ◽  
...  

Microbial preparations improve mineral nutrition of plants, protect against phytopathogens, and increase their resistance to stress factors. The aim of our research is to study the effect of microbial preparations on the biological activity of rhizosphere and the productivity of oil flax under no-till in the Crimean Steppe. Microbiological analysis of the rhizosphere of oil flax showed that there is a tendency to increase the number of microorganisms of various ecological and trophic groups both under the conditions of the conventional farming system (CFS) and no-till when seeds are inoculated with a complex of microbial preparations (CMP). Under CFS, the number of microorganisms using mineral forms of nitrogen as nutrition increased by 28 %; pedotrophs – by 37 %; ammonifiers and oligotrophs increased under both farming systems. The total number of nitrogen fixers increased by 29 % under CFS as a result of biological preparations use, while under no-till there was only a trend towards increasing the amount of azotobacter. The number of actinomycetes increased under the influence of CMP by 50% under direct sowing; micromycetes decreased under both farming systems. The number of cellulose-degrading microorganisms increased by 18 and 27 % under no- till and CFS, respectively. The yield of oilseed flax under no-till was 0.11 t/ha (12.9 %) higher than under conventional farming system. On average, over three years (2017-2019), an increase in yield amounted to 0.12 t/ha (19%) due to the use of microbial preparations.


Author(s):  
A.Yu. Egovtseva ◽  
◽  
T.N. Melnichuk ◽  

Microorganisms are the most important bioindicators of the environment and ecological risk assessment. The impact of the no-till farming system in combination with microbial preparations needs to be studied and is an urgent task aimed at preserving fertility. The aim of our study was to determine the effect of pre-sowing inoculation with complex microbial preparations (CMP) and farming systems (no-till and conventional farming system) on the microbocenosis of the rhizosphere of Triticum aestivum L. in the Crimean Steppe. Microbiological analysis of the rhizosphere showed a significant increase in the number of actinobacteria (twice). The number of micromycetes, among which there are many pathogens of various plant diseases, decreased under direct sowing by 23 % as a result of inoculation and amounted to 21.5 thousand CFU/g of soil. The number of cellulose-destroying microorganisms that form soil fertility increased under the influence of microbial preparations by 23 % under conventional farming system (10.0 thousand CFU/g of soil); by 20 % under no-till (15.4 thousand CFU/g of soil). Thus, it was found that the use of microbial preparations under both farming techniques contributed to an increase in the number of microorganisms of most ecological-trophic groups that participate in the transformation of nitrogen in the rhizosphere, enhanced enzymatic processes, reduced the development of pathogenic microbiota and, consequently, contributed to improving the state of soil biocenosis.


Author(s):  
A. Yu. Egovtseva ◽  
T. N. Melnichuk ◽  
S. F. Abdurashitov

The use of microbial preparations contributed to a change in the taxonomic structure of winter wheat rhizosphere microbiome was established. A more significant effect of microbial preparations was noted under no-till technology on the structure of the microbiome than with the traditional farming system.


Author(s):  
A.A. Gongalo ◽  
◽  
E.N. Turin ◽  
K.G. Zhenchenko ◽  
◽  
...  

A research was carried out to evaluate the effect of winter wheat plant residues on the content of productive moisture and on the soil structure and physical state under different tillage in the Steppe Crimea. A reliable moisture accumulation (115 mm in a meter soil layer) was revealed at the experimental plots where no-till was applied. The quality of soil structure under both farming systems (no-till and traditional one) can be assessed as an excellent one. Values are in the range of 78.0-81.3%. The coefficient of soil structure is in optimal values and averages 4.3.


Author(s):  
Amar Rouabhi ◽  
Abdelmalek Laouar ◽  
Abdelhamid Mekhlouf ◽  
Boubaker Dhehibi

Conservation agriculture is a concept which defines different farming systems. Its implementation depends on soil properties, climate and socio-economic considerations. Since two thousands, no-till technology; which is one facet of the conservation agriculture has begun to take place in the high plains of Sétif province-Algeria. Its adoption is facing several problems of socio-economic and technical issues. This work monitored the track of no-till adoption within a sample of 28 farmers during two years 2014 and 2016. During 2014 farmers were supported financially and technically through a subsidy program that aimed at the support of conservation agriculture via no-till technique. In 2016, the subsidy program has ended; hence, farmers have no longer incentives. Multivariate statistical analyses were performed to diagnose the evolution of no-till adoption and behavior’s farmers between the two periods. In 2016, results showed an increase of no-till area, even though, the drop of the number of adoptive farmers by 71%. The main reasons for adopting no-till according to the adoptive farmers were the minimization of farming operation costs and saving time. However, the major impediments facing no-till adoption; were the rise of weeding charges and the concern of weed infestation especially by bromus.sp, which is a vigorous prevalent weed, which locally developed some pesticide’s resistance. Also, the excessive use of pesticides may be considered as an environmental reason for no adopting no-till.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (95) ◽  
pp. 78-81
Author(s):  
L.I. Shkarivska

The changes of the soil’s humus soil within the rural areas are investigated for the organic farming system. The most significant impact of organic agriculture on humus content over 55% was observed on soddy podzolic soils (V>75%), the lowest –7,5% on typical chernozem (V≈16%). Changes in the qualitative composition of humus for the introduction of various types of organic substrates are analyzed.


The farming system in West Bengal is being shifted by integration between the set of cash crops and the main food harvest process. This change in diversified farming systems, where smallholders have a production base in rice can complement production; affect technical efficiency and farm performance. The goal of this study was to investigate the status of crop diversification on smallholders in West Bengal. First, crop diversification regions were developed in West Bengal based on the Herfindahl index, which were categorized into three regions. Three sample districts were studied separately at the block level, and 915 small farmers from 41 sample villages of 9 sample blocks were interviewed through a good structure questionnaire for field studies from the sample districts. West Bengal was gradually moving towards multiple crop production. Furthermore, increasing rice production reduced the marginal use of inputs for the production of other crops. Farming and other vital factors such as HYVs area to GCA, average holding size and per capita income in some districts of West Bengal can be identified as determinants of crop diversification.


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