Modeling Industrial Pipe Insulation Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (5) ◽  
pp. 1548-1554
Author(s):  
Kevin Herreman
Keyword(s):  
Insertion Loss ◽  
Sufficient Accuracy ◽  
Acoustic Model ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Noise Emission ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Insulation Systems ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Pipe Insulation ◽  
Insulation Performance

Reducing industrial noise emission utilizing jacketed pipe insulation is critical to reducing noise in industrial spaces. The ISO 15665 standard defines a testing process for measurement of the acoustical performance of installed and jacketed pipe insulation systems. However, the cost of testing per this standard, especially when using an external laboratory, can be very costly. That makes the development of a model to accurately estimate the performance of single, and multilayered, jacketed pipe insulation highly desirable. Utilizing a one-dimensional theoretical acoustic model along with empirical data, a model with sufficient accuracy to provide insertion loss results relative to the ISO 15665 standard was created. The creation and resulting functionality of the model for determining jacketed pipe insulation insertion loss and comparison of the resulting data to test results will be discussed herein.

Modeling Large Diameter Industrial Pipe Insulation Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (5) ◽  
pp. 1555-1560
Author(s):  
Kevin Herreman
Keyword(s):  
Large Diameter ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Noise Emission ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Diameter Pipe ◽  
Insulation Systems ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Pipe Insulation ◽  
Insulation Performance

As previously presented, reducing industrial noise emission utilizing jacketed pipe insulation is critical to reducing noise in industrial spaces. The ISO 15665 standard defines a testing process for measurement of the acoustical performance of installed and jacketed pipe insulation systems. To provide a cost-effective method for evaluating various types of multilayered jacketed pipe insulation a model was developed. The model accurately estimates the performance of single, and multilayered, jacketed pipe insulation. Validating the use of the model to very large pipe diameters is highly desirable as the cost to test is significantly higher than testing the medium or small diameter pipe insulation. The estimated insertion loss result from the model is compared to validation testing results for large diameter jacketed pipe insulation are reported herein.

Numerical and Experimental Investigation of the Acoustic and Flow Performance of Intake Systems

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Rusch ◽  
A. K. Dhingra
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Insertion Loss ◽  
Bench Test ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Test Results ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Intake System ◽  
Duct Systems ◽  
Cylindrical Duct

This paper investigates the acoustic and flow performance of an intake system using numerical and experimental techniques. The acoustic and flow performances are characterized by computing the Insertion Loss (IL) and the loss coefficient (LC) respectively. An indirect BEM formulation is used to predict the IL. The LC is computed by solving a one-dimensional fluid dynamics problem. For four simple cylindrical duct systems, numerical results for IL and LC are compared with experimental measurements. Finally, the acoustic and flow performance of an actual motorcycle intake is predicted and the results are compared to bench test results.

scholarly journals The Analysis of Small Investors’ Demands on a Thermal Insulation System for a Family House: A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2491
Author(s):  
Alena Tažiková ◽  
Zuzana Struková ◽  
Mária Kozlovská
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Construction Cost ◽  
Environmental Cost ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Insulation System ◽  
Insulation Systems ◽  
Small Investors ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Family House

This study deals with small investors’ demands on thermal insulation systems when choosing the most suitable solution for a family house. By 2050, seventy percent of current buildings, including residential buildings, are still expected to be in operation. To reach carbon neutrality, it is necessary to reduce operational energy consumption and thus reduce the related cost of building operations and the cost of the life cycle of buildings. One solution is to adapt envelopes of buildings by proper insulation solutions. To choose an optimal thermal insulation system that will reduce energy consumption of building, it is necessary to consider the environmental cost of insulation materials in addition to the construction cost of the materials. The environmental cost of a material depends on the carbon footprint from the initial origin of the material. This study presents the results of a multi-criteria decision-making analysis, where five different contractors set the evaluation criteria for selection of the optimal thermal insulation system. In their decision-making, they involved the requirements of small investors. The most common requirements were selected: the construction cost, the construction time (represented by the total man-hours), the thermal conductivity coefficient, the diffusion resistance factor, and the reaction to fire. The confidences of the criteria were then determined with the help of the pairwise comparison method. This was followed by multi-criteria decision-making using the method of index coefficients, also known as the method of basic variant. The multi-criteria decision-making included thermal insulation systems based on polystyrene, mineral wool, thermal insulation plaster, and aerogels’ nanotechnology. As a result, it was concluded that, currently, in Slovakia, small investors emphasize the cost of material and the coefficient of thermal conductivity and they do not care as much about the carbon footprint of the material manufacturing, the importance of which is mentioned in this study.

Mechanical Behavior of Ti-6Al-4V Manufactured by Electron Beam Additive Fabrication

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Ladani ◽  
Lalit Roy
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Lead Time ◽  
Aerospace Industry ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Great Resistance ◽  
Additive Fabrication ◽  
Anisotropy Effect ◽  
The Cost

Additive Layer Fabrication, in particular Electron Beam Additive Fabrication (EBAF), has recently drawn much attention for its special usability to fabricate intricately designed parts as a whole. It not only increases the production rate which reduces the production lead time but also reduces the cost by minimizing the amount of waste material to a great extent. Ti6Al4V is the most common type of material that is currently being fabricated using EBAF technique. This material has been used in aerospace industry for several reasons such as excellent mechanical properties, low density, great resistance to corrosion, and non-magnetism. The effects of build direction of layers (namely, addition of layers along one of the x, y & z directions with respect to the build table) and the anisotropy effect caused by it has not been explored vigorously. This anisotropy effect has been investigated in this work. Different mechanical properties such as Yield Strength (YS), Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS), and Modulus of Elasticity (E) of these three types of Ti6Al4V are determined using tensile tests and are compared with literature. The tensile test results show that YS and UTS for flat-build samples have distinguishably higher values than those of the side-build and top-build samples.

Design of the Automatic Guided Vehicle Control System Applied to Automotive Logistics

2014 ◽  
Vol 644-650 ◽  
pp. 381-384
Author(s):  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Hao Zhou ◽  
Guo Song Liu
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Vehicle Control ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Circuit Performance ◽  
Automatic Driving ◽  
Automatic Guided Vehicle ◽  
Distribution Logistics ◽  
Auto Parts ◽  
The Cost

In order to improve the efficiency of auto parts distribution logistics, to lower the cost of auto production in transportation logistics, and to reduce accidents, in this paper it is designed that an automatic guided vehicle control system to replace the manned tractors in the distribution sites. The system is equipped with an infrared homing device that can ensure the automated guided vehicle (AGV) along a predetermined route automatic driving at a given distribution information, without the needs to manually guided. Test results show that the circuit performance of AGV control system is stable to ensure the accuracy of the tracking in the practical application, and the mean absolute error of the tracking is less than 0.04m.

Novel Anti-Caking Materials in Compound Fertiliezer Based on Waste Animal/Plant Oil

2014 ◽  
Vol 875-877 ◽  
pp. 1454-1457
Author(s):  
Pan Hu ◽  
Yi He Zhang ◽  
Feng Shan Zhou ◽  
Yue Wang ◽  
Meng Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Synthesis ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Compound Fertilizer ◽  
Application Requirements ◽  
The Cost

A novel anti-caking material (E-Oil) was prepared from waste animal/plant oil and triethanolamine by catalytic synthesis in this study. The E-Oil was analyzed by FTIR and the anti-caking effect of anti-caking materials was described by caking ratio. The FTIR results showed that the reaction product of Waste Animal/Plant Oil and Hydramine was surfactant with anti-caking effect. The anti-caking test results indicated that E-Oil made the caking ratio of compound fertilizer decrease from 39.75% to 16.33%. Taking the cost into consideration, the optimal fraction of E Oil was 5‰ and the caking ratio could reach 16.33%, which could approximately meet the application requirements.

Cross-Comparison of One-Dimensional Thermal-Hydraulic Codes on Natural Circulation Analysis of NACIE Loop Test for Lead-Alloy Cooled Advanced Nuclear Energy Systems (LACANES)

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Hoon Shin ◽  
Il Soon Hwang ◽  
Massimiliano Polidori ◽  
Paride Meloni ◽  
Vincenzo Casamassima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Natural Circulation ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Hydraulic Loss ◽  
Lead Alloy ◽  
Test Results ◽  
One Dimensional

As one of the Generation-IV reactor concepts, lead-alloy-cooled advanced nuclear energy systems (LACANES) have been studied worldwide in order to utilize the advantages of good heat transfer properties, neutron transparency and chemical inertness with air and water. Since the Fukushima accident, the passive safety aspect of the LACANES is increasingly emphasized due to outstanding natural circulation capability. To investigate the thermal-hydraulic capability of LBE, an international cooperation has been performed under OECD/NEA program, under the guidance of the Nuclear Science Committee by a task force named as Lead Alloy Cooled Advanced Nuclear Energy Systems (LACANES) since 2007. This international collaboration had dealt with computational benchmarking of isothermal LBE forced convection tests in the phase I, and the working group published a guideline for using one-dimensional system codes to simulate LBE forced circulation test results from HELIOS loop. The phase II was started after that, to give an additional guideline in the case of natural circulation. NACIE, one of benchmarking targets for the phase II which is a rectangular-shape loop located at ENEA-Brasimone Research Centre, Italy. NACIE test results were benchmarked by each participant using their one-dimensional thermal-hydraulic codes, and they are to follow the guideline from the LACANES phase I for regions where hydraulic loss occurs. Due to the selection of hydraulic loss coefficient relations by users, the cross-comparison results of international participants showed some discrepancies and the estimated mass flow rates had 13% of maximum error. Also, the future R&D areas are identified.

scholarly journals Diagnostics on the cost-function in variational assimilations for meteorological models

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Michel
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Cost Function ◽  
Quadratic Forms ◽  
Standard Theory ◽  
Variational Assimilation ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Perfect System ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Meteorological Models ◽  
Variational Formulations

Abstract. Several consistency diagnostics have been proposed to evaluate variational assimilation schemes. The "Bennett-Talagrand" criterion in particular shows that the cost-function at the minimum should be close to half the number of assimilated observations when statistics are correctly specified. It has been further shown that sub-parts of the cost function also had statistical expectations that could be expressed as traces of large matrices, and that this could be exploited for variance tuning and hypothesis testing. The aim of this work is to extend those results using standard theory of quadratic forms in random variables. The first step is to express the sub-parts of the cost function as quadratic forms in the innovation vector. Then, it is possible to derive expressions for the statistical expectations, variances and cross-covariances (whether the statistics are correctly specified or not). As a consequence it is proven in particular that, in a perfect system, the values of the background and observation parts of the cost function at the minimum are positively correlated. These results are illustrated in a simplified variational scheme in a one-dimensional context. These expressions involve the computation of the trace of large matrices that are generally unavailable in variational formulations of the assimilation problem. It is shown that the randomization algorithm proposed in the literature can be extended to cover these computations, yet at the price of additional minimizations. This is shown to provide estimations of background and observation errors that improve forecasts of the operational ARPEGE model.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document