A case study on the noise effects of elevating existing train tracks

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (3) ◽  
pp. 3344-3349
Author(s):  
Joelle Suits
Keyword(s):  
Noise Source ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Radiated Noise ◽  
The Us ◽  
Grade Crossing ◽  
Main Track ◽  
Train Tracks ◽  
Elevated Structure ◽  
The Impact

When modeling rail noise on an elevated track, there are several adjustments that need to be considered relative to modeling at-grade operations. These adjustments include the effects of re-radiated noise from the track and support structure, reduced ground attenuation due to an elevated noise source and a reduction in the potential for shielding from adjacent rows of buildings. These adjustments are built into the model as a part of the design of a project. This case study examines a unique situation where a project involved elevating existing at-grade tracks to eliminate a bottleneck related to an at-grade crossing of two perpendicular train tracks. The project elevated one main track over the other and shifted the track closer to noise sensitive receivers. The US Federal Transit Administration and Federal Railroad Administration guidance, which were used to assess noise impacts, produced unexpected results during the initial assessment due mainly to the assumptions regarding the changes in shielding and ground attenuation with the elevated structure. This presentation will discuss the initial assumptions used in the project, the limitations of the model relative to changes in shielding and ground attenuation, and the solutions that were implemented to obtain reasonable results for the impact assessment.

Do oncology patients in an outpatient hospital receive the same care as patients in an office/clinic setting? A case study evaluating patients with non-metastatic HER2+ breast cancer (BC) receiving adjuvant trastuzumab.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e11603-e11603
Author(s):  
Deepa Lalla ◽  
Melissa Brammer ◽  
Annie Guérin ◽  
Geneviève Gauthier ◽  
Philippe Giguere-Duval ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Patterns ◽  
Treatment Discontinuation ◽  
Adjuvant Trastuzumab ◽  
Outpatient Hospital ◽  
Her2 Breast Cancer ◽  
The Us ◽  
Healthcare Insurance ◽  
The Impact

e11603 Background: It is unknown if quality of care received by patients (pts) with BC is impacted by the location at which care is received. Using a sample of pts with HER2+ BC receiving adjuvant trastuzumab (T), we compared T treatment patterns between pts treated in office/clinic (MD) or outpatient hospital (HOSP) settings. Methods: Non-metastaticBCadult women who received ≥2 T infusions in an MD or HOSP setting from 2008-2012 were selected from the US-based Humana database. Based on the site of care where T was received, pts were classified into MD or HOSP cohorts. Pts were followed from first T infusion date to treatment discontinuation, first metastasis, or end of continuous eligibility, for a maximum of 12 months (mos). T treatment duration, discontinuation (treatment gap of ≥45 consecutive days), and the proportion of pts completing the recommended 12 mos treatment indication were compared between cohorts. Results: 730 pts were included; 67% received T in an MD setting vs. 33% in a HOSP setting. Differences between cohorts were observed in terms of healthcare insurance plan: more pts in the HOSP setting had Medicare coverage (55.5% vs. 67.1%; p=.003). Average T duration was shorter in the HOSP setting (MD cohort: 241.9 days ; HOSP cohort: 191.3 days). Among pts observed for 12 mos, a higher proportion in the MD cohort completed the 12-mo treatment (84.3% in MD vs. 75.6% in HOSP [p=.034]). After adjusting for confounding factors, the HOSP cohort was 2.4 times more likely to discontinue treatment compared to the MD cohort ( p<.001). Conclusions: Duration of adjuvant T treatment for pts with non-metastatic HER2+ BC differed based on the site at which treatment was received. This suggests that oncology pts treated in an HOSP setting, vs. MD, may be at higher risk for treatment discontinuation or to receive a shorter course of treatment than recommended. Further research should explore the impact of these differing treatment patterns on outcomes.

The Budgetary Behavior of Local Governments and Intergovernmental Grant Policies: A Case Study for Japan

1985 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-415
Author(s):  
Hiromitsu Ishi
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations ◽  
Government Grants ◽  
The Us ◽  
Fiscal Behavior ◽  
Intergovernmental Grant ◽  
The Impact

The basic aim in this paper is to clarify intergovernmental fiscal relations in Japan. Particular attention is paid to the impact of various types of central government grants on the local government budgets. This is an important issue in a nation like Japan, where the fiscal system is strongly centralized. First, a model is constructed to express the local fiscal behavior under the present grant policies, following the past attempts developed in the United States of America. Then, the estimates of this model are attempted using available data, and some policy questions are examined. The main empirical conclusions that are drawn from the Japanese experience are much more plausible than those in the US case. This implies that the control of central government via various grant policies is more dominant in Japan.

scholarly journals Predicting the impact of sexual behavior change on adolescent STI in the US and New York State: a case study of the teen-SPARC tool

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Steven M. Goodreau ◽  
Emily D. Pollock ◽  
Li Yan Wang ◽  
Lisa C. Barrios ◽  
Richard L. Dunville ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
New York State ◽  
York State ◽  
The Us ◽  
Sexual Behavior Change ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Study on the Impact of Historic District Built Environment and Its Influence on Residents’ Walking Trips: A Case Study of Zhangzhou Ancient City’s Historic District

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4367
Author(s):  
Fen Zeng ◽  
Zhenjiang Shen
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Historic District ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Longitudinal Methods ◽  
The Us ◽  
Recreational Walking ◽  
Asian Context ◽  
The Impact

Walking maintains an indisputable advantage as a simple transport mode over short distances. Various situations have shown that when staying in a walk-friendly built environment, people are more likely to walk and interact with their surroundings. Scholars have reported some evidence of the influence of neighbourhood environments on personal walking trips. Most existing studies of the correlation between the built environment and walking, however, have been conducted in the West and are cross-sectional, which leaves a gap in addressing the causality between built environments and walking under the intervention of regeneration measures. This study takes a historic district of a mid-sized city in China as the research area and reports the changes in the traditional residential district’s built environment caused by the implementation of urban regeneration. In this paper, we use physical and perceptual indicators to measure the walkability of the built environment. We identify the changed content of the built environment’s walkability and the change of residents’ walking behaviour through longitudinal and quasi-longitudinal methods. The conclusion shows that the implementation of a regeneration project of the historic district has greatly changed perceived walkability, which has significantly promoted residents’ recreational walking trips, especially among the population of middle-aged and elderly people in the district. The conclusion that the built environment’s change promotes recreational walking is contrary to the research performed in sprawling Western contexts such as in the US, and it provides a meaningful supplement for research on the topic in an Asian context.

International interventions

2018 ◽  
pp. 69-86
Author(s):  
Fiona Bloomer ◽  
Claire Pierson ◽  
Sylvia Estrada Claudio
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Human Rights Treaties ◽  
The Us ◽  
Post Abortion ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Access To Contraception

International organisations play a role in challenging restricted access to abortion in national contexts. This chapter considers the use of human rights treaties and an analysis of how access to reproductive health is impacted in situations of conflict and humanitarian crisis. The role of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), is considered with reference to the case study of the Philippines. This case study illustrates how access to contraception provided a driver for legal action in a setting where access to abortion was severely restricted and how a post abortion care policy has provided an alternative way to deal with unsafe abortion. The impact of the Global Gag rule, which has restricted funding from the US to those working on reproductive health around the world, is explored. The case study of the IPPF organisation and its work on humanitarian issues provides insight into the challenges faced in providing reproductive health services in settings where resources are extremely limited.

Mexican fresh tomato exports in the North American market: A case study of the effects of productivity on competitiveness

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 839-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes Borja-Bravo ◽  
José Alberto García-Salazar ◽  
Rhonda K. Skaggs
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
The North ◽  
North American Market ◽  
The Us ◽  
Fresh Tomato ◽  
The Impact

Borja-Bravo, M., García-Salazar, J. A. and Skaggs, R. K. 2013. Mexican fresh tomato exports in the North American market: A case study of the effects of productivity on competitiveness. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 839–850. The North American market for fresh tomatoes (Lycopersicon escolentum Mill.) involves a complicated web of bilateral trading relationships between the United States, Mexico and Canada. Trade in fresh tomatoes between the three countries has changed significantly in recent years. In particular, Mexico's share of total US fresh tomato imports from all countries decreased from 93 to 88%, while Canada's share of US fresh tomato imports increased from 3 to 11% between 1996 and 2009. Mexico's declining competitive position in the US fresh tomato market is also evidenced by the fact that the Mexican share of combined Mexico–Canada exports to the United States decreased from 97% to 89% between 1996 and 2009. A spatial and inter-temporal model was used to analyze the impact of increased Mexican tomato yields on the North American fresh tomato market. Results indicate that for the average year between 2005 and 2008, 20% higher yields would have resulted in a 15.1% increase in Mexico's tomato production and a 28.9% increase in fresh tomato exports from Mexico to the United States. As a result of higher Mexican tomato sector productivity, Canadian and US producers’ shares of the US fresh tomato market would decrease and Mexico's would increase from 35.0 to 41.9%. The model shows that Mexico's share of US fresh tomato imports from both Mexico and Canada would grow from 88.1 to 90.3% as a result of the increased productivity. These results lead to the recommendation that increasing yields of this important export crop are key to maintaining and increasing the North American market competitiveness of Mexican-produced fresh tomatoes.

Performative enactments of teacher evaluation: Two preservice teachers and the edTPA

2020 ◽  
pp. 147821032094013
Author(s):  
Meghan A Kessler
Keyword(s):  
Preservice Teachers ◽  
Teacher Evaluation ◽  
Teacher Development ◽  
Teacher Candidates ◽  
New Teacher ◽  
Study Data ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Efficiency And Productivity

Teacher preparation and preservice evaluation practices in the US have seen increasing influence from social efficiency and productivity logics. While analyses of the impacts of such neoliberal ascendancies are diverse and numerous, this article focuses closely on the impact of neoliberalism in preservice teacher evaluation and its impact on new teacher development. In particular, the teacher candidates who participated in this study shared their experiences with and perceptions of the edTPA, a relatively new, standardized portfolio licensure assessment published by Pearson, Inc. Analysis of qualitative case study data found that the regulatory influence of external surveillance created tensions with teacher candidates’ desire to learn and grow whilst completing their evaluation materials. Furthermore, analysis found that these candidates’ critical perspectives implicated their completion of evaluation materials. When more critical of neoliberal influences in evaluation policy, candidates’ materials were constructed in a performative manner.

scholarly journals Noise Impact of Southgate Phase-2 Construction Project to the Settlement at Perumahan Tanjung Mas, Tanjung Barat

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
pp. 44-53
Author(s):  
Askarini Sekar Putri
Keyword(s):  
Noise Level ◽  
Noise Source ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
The People ◽  
Regulatory Standards ◽  
The Us ◽  
Level Meter ◽  
The Impact

Construction activities can increase noise that gives an impact on the people who live nearby. The impact of noise can cause psychological and physiological disorders. The purpose of this research is to analyze the effects of the noise level of the Southgate Phase-2 project for citizen activities at PerumahanTanjung Mas, Tanjung Barat. It is based on regulatory standards in KEPMEN LH no. 48 of 1996, KEPGUB DKI Jakarta no. 551 of 2001, and the LNP standard according to the US Department of Housing and Urban Development. The methods are doing observation and survey by using a questionnaire to find out the project situation and the noise level produced by using a sound level meter measuring instrument. The result shows that people feel discomfort from the noise of the project, especially at night. Most of the noise measurement result exceeds the noise quality standard and its effects up to 50 meters away from the noise source. The point which is about 5 meters away from the noise source is 63.73 dB (A) and point which is about 50 meters away from the noise source is 59.89 dB (A). Based on the results of the regression equation shows that houses within 120 meters of the project impacted by the noise that exceeds the noise quality standards for the residential area. The most complaints given by people of PerumahanTanjung Mas were feeling discomfort in daily activities (79%), and sleeping trouble (60%).

Filtering Populist Claims to Fight Populism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Martinico
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Constitutional Theory ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Constitutional Democracy ◽  
World War ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact

The new wave of populism that has emerged over the last five years in Europe and in the US urgently needs to be better understood in a comparative and historical context. Using Italy – including the experiment of a self-styled populist coalition government – as a case study, this book investigates how populists in power borrow, use and manipulate categories of constitutional theory and instruments of constitutional law. Giuseppe Martinico goes beyond treating constitutionalism and populism as purely antithetical to dive deeply into the impact of populism on the activity of some instruments of constitutional democracy, endeavoring to explore their role as possible fora of populist claims and targets of populist attacks. Most importantly, he points to ways in which constitutional democracies can channel populist claims without jeopardizing the legacy of post-World War II constitutionalism. This book is aimed at academics and practicing lawyers interested in populism and comparative constitutional law.

The Impact of the Cruise Industry on a Region's Economy: A Case Study of Port Canaveral, Florida

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley M. Braun ◽  
James A. Xander ◽  
Kenneth R. White
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Significant Component ◽  
Cruise Industry ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
The Us ◽  
Cruise Line ◽  
The Impact

The cruise industry has become a significant component of the US economy, and Port Canaveral has become the second largest cruise port in the country. This study focuses on the special considerations that must be taken into account in measuring the direct spending of the cruise industry, and uses a regional input–output model to estimate the total economic impact. The impacts are based on survey data for the following three groups: cruise line spending; cruise passenger spending; and ships' crew spending.

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