FAKTOR RISIKO KEJADIAN DISLIPIDEMIA PADA LANSIA (Studi Kasus Kontrol Pada Lansia di Poli Lansia RSUD. Bangkinang  Kabupaten Kampar Tahun 2016–2017)

Based on the data from the Central Bureau of Statistics in 2014, the population of the elderly reached 20.24 million or 8.03% of the whole Indonesian people. The older a person is, the more vulnerable he is to degenerative diseases, and one of them is dyslipidemia. The objective of the research was to find out the risk factor for the incidence of dyslipidemia and to determine the value of Odds Ratio of risk factor for dyslipidemia. The research used case-control study design. The data were gathered from patients’ medical records and from the respondents. The samples were 135 respondents with 45 of them were in case group and 90 of them were in control group. The result of bivariate analysis showed that all independent variables were correlated with the incidence of dyslipidemia (p<0.05). The result of multivariate analysis showed that the variable which had the most dominant correlation was smoking habit at p-value = 0.000 (p<0.05) and OR-value = 9.929 (85% CI 3.428-28.762) which indicated that smoking habit was the most influential risk factor for the incidence of dyslipidemia in the elderly. Keywords: The Elderly, Dyslipidemia, Gender, Obesity, Diabetes Mellitus, Smoking

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Risk Factors for Ectopic Pregnancy: A Multi-center Case Control Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-136639/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nooria Atta ◽

Fahima Aram ◽

Nafisa Naseri ◽

Mahbooba Sahak

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Ectopic Pregnancy ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Pelvic Surgery ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

History Of ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background: Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is defined as a pregnancy in which fertilized oocyte implants outside the endometrial cavity. Although there is no known etiology for ectopic pregnancy, some risk factors of EP have been determined. It has been evident that ectopic pregnancy can be of multifactorial origin. This multicenter research aims to study risk factors associated with increased risk of ectopic pregnancy in women living in Kabul. Methods: A multicenter case control study was conducted in five tertiary maternity hospitals located in Kabul, Afghanistan. A total of 457 pregnant women were included in this study. In the case group, women with diagnosed ectopic pregnancy, while in control group women with intrauterine pregnancy were included. For each case in this study, two controls were enrolled. Results: The mean (SD) age of women in case group was 27.9 (6) years while in control group it was 26.4 (5.5) years. This difference was not statistically significant. We found a significant association between history of abortion and EP (Adj. OR=1.57; 95%CI: 1.02, 2.42). Having history of abdominal/pelvic surgery was a risk factor for EP with adjusted OR 1.94 (95%CI: 1.15, 3.30). In this study we found an increasing risk of EP in women of 35 years or older compared to younger women (Crude OR=2.26; p= 0.024). In women reporting prior EP, the chance of its recurrence was increased (Crude OR= 9.64; 95%CI: 1.1, 83.2). No association of gravidity and parity was found with EP incidence. Conclusions: In this study we found a statistically significant association between history of abdominal/pelvic surgery and EP. In addition, history of abortion was suggested as a risk factor for ectopic pregnancy. In case of having a previous EP probability of its recurrence will be increased. Women with advanced age having other potential risk factors will be facing higher risk of EP.

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Multiple vaginal examinations and early neonatal sepsis

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20190848 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 876 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Usha Christopher ◽

Goldy S. J. ◽

Bewin Oral J. ◽

Adlin Rose C.

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Neonatal Sepsis ◽

Early Onset ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Maternal Risk Factors ◽

Maternal Risk ◽

Control Study

Background: Early onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) is caused mainly by organisms present in the genital tract. Maternal risk factors increase the incidence of EONS. This study was done to find out the association between one such risk factor i.e., multiple vaginal examinations and EONS.Methods: Case control study. 114 patients with three or more vaginal examinations after rupture of membranes were taken as cases and 114 patients with less than three vaginal examinations after rupture of membranes were taken as controls. All these babies were followed up for the development of EONS.Results: Of the 114 cases, 6 babies developed EONS. None of the babies in the control group developed EONS. So, 3 or more vaginal examinations after rupture of membranes in labour is significantly associated with early onset neonatal sepsis with p-value of 0.01305.Conclusions: Multiple vaginal examinations after rupture of membranes is a risk factor for early onset neonatal sepsis.

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Anthropometric measurements associated with intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly: a case-control study

Medical Journal of Indonesia ◽

10.13181/mji.v28i4.2680 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 365-9

Author(s):

Andy Ardiansyah ◽

Sugeng Yuwana

Keyword(s):

Intertrochanteric Fracture ◽

Case Control Study ◽

The Elderly ◽

Case Control ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Intertrochanteric Fractures ◽

Steroid Use ◽

Control Study

BACKGROUND Femoral intertrochanteric fracture is an important cause of disability in the elderly. Low muscle mass, especially those of the lower limbs, has been associated with osteoporosis and higher fall incidents. This study was aimed to assess the association between the anthropometric indices and intertrochanteric fractures. METHODS This case-control study was performed from September 2013 to July 2015. The criteria of case group were elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures admitted in Dr. Sardjito Hospital within 72 hours after a low energy injury without multiple fractures or pathological fracture. For control group, the subjects were matched according to age and gender without any fracture. Thigh and calf circumferences were done on healthy limbs. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated. History of steroid use was obtained. Adjusted odds ratio (OR) was calculated using logistic regression after analyzed with student's t-test or chi-square test. RESULTS There were 82 subjects on each group. Smaller thigh and calf circumferences and also lower BMI were risk factors of intertrochanteric fractures. Thigh circumference <39 cm (aOR 5.12; 95% CI 2.30–11.43; p < 0.001) and calf circumference <29 cm (aOR 9.42; 95% CI 4.14–21.40; p < 0.001) were independently associated with intertrochanteric fracture after adjustment of BMI and steroid use. CONCLUSIONS Calf and thigh circumferences were independently associated with femoral intertrochanteric fractures in Indonesian elderly.

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A Prospective Randomised Case Control Study on the Role of Probiotics in Controlling Chronic Kidney Disease Progression

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i49a33329 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 264-271

Author(s):

A. Sai Keshava Reddy ◽

P. Dhana Lakshmi ◽

N. Hima Bindu ◽

R. E. Ugandar ◽

Y. Sai Vani

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Case Group ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease Progression ◽

Kidney Disease Progression ◽

Control Study

Aim: To study the role of probiotics in controlling chronic kidney disease progression. Sample: To correlate renal parameters like creatinine, urea, uric acid, PCR in patients with chronic kidney disease. Study Design: It is a Prospective case control study Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Nephrology, Santhiram Medical college and General Hospital, between December 2020 – May 2021. Methodology: We included 150 patients with chronic kidney disease from in and out patient departments. In this study patients are divided into two groups; case and control group. Control group is treated with normal conventional therapy whereas the case group is treated with conventional therapy along with probiotics. The lab parameters like creatinine, PCR, urea, uric acid were analyzed before and after the therapy in both groups. Results: The lab parameters were analyzed by paired student`s t- test and the p value of these parameters were found to be in control group creatinine ranges from (4.42+/- 2.84 to 3.54+/- 2.73) and in case/ interventional group creatinine ranges from (5.13+/-2.43 to 2.29+/-1.57) shows <0.001. It shows significant improvement in these parameters in both control and case group. CKD stages were analyzed by Chi- square test, the p value of CKD stages in case group was found to be <0.0001 and in control group it was found to be 0.03. Conclusion: It shows that there is significant improvement is found in both interventional (case) and non-interventional (control) groups. But more betterment is observed in case group than in control group. Hence probiotics are used as a natural bio-treatment to control the progression of CKD and improves the quality of life.

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Association of Dementia in Ischemic Stroke: A Case Control Study

Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience ◽

10.3329/bjn.v30i1.57363 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 35-44

Author(s):

Abu Jafor Md Salahuddin ◽

Md Rezaul Karim Khan ◽

Md Muniruzzaman Bhuiyan ◽

Nuruddin Md Eusuf ◽

Rased Imam Zahid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Smoking Habit ◽

Target Population ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Alzhiemer's Disease ◽

Control Study

Objectives: To evaluate the association of dementia in ischemic stroke. Methodology: This case control study was carried out in the department of Neurology at BSMMU, Dhaka from 1st January 2010 to 31st December 2011 for duration of two years to evaluate the association of dementia in ischemic stroke. The target population for this study include all patients presented with ischemic stroke at the range of 3 to 6 months after stroke with the age group of 40 to 70 years are included in this study and patients of dementia other than ischemic stroke like Alzhiemer’s disease, vit-B12 deficiency, thyroid dysfunction were excluded from this study. A total number of 120 respondents were included in this study. Age & sex matched 60 patients of ischemic stroke were selected as cases and rest 60 people were taken as control group. Informed written consent was taken from each patient or his/ her attendant. All information regarding history and physical findings; and other risk factors for dementia were collected to fill up the preformed questionnaire. Relevant physical examinations like nervous system examination, selected general and systemic examination were recorded. Result & Observation: Dementia was present in case and control group 18(30.0%) and 2(3.3%) respectively. The difference was statistically significant (p=0.001). Present smoking habit was more in case (45.0%) than in control group (16.7%) which was statistically significant (p=0.001) with a OR of 4.07 with a 95% CI of 1.89-8.75. Past smoking habit was more in case (16.7%) than control group (11.7%). Non-smoker was more in control (71.7%) than case group (38.3%). Diabetes mellitus was more common in case group (38.3%) than control group 5(8.3%) which was statistically significant (p=0.001) with a 6.84 OR and 95% CI of 2.39-19.6. Conclusion: The study permit to conclude that dementia is directly associated with ischemic stroke. We found a correlation between age, family history of dementia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia with dementia. Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2014; Vol. 30 (1): 35-44

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Role of matrilin-1 (MATN1) polymorphism in class III skeletal malocclusion with mandibular prognathism in Deutero-Malay race: a case-control study

Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics ◽

10.1186/s43042-021-00131-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Avi Laviana ◽

Bergman Thahar ◽

Ani Melani ◽

Endah Mardiati ◽

Lita Putri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Class Iii ◽

Mandibular Prognathism ◽

Skeletal Malocclusion ◽

Malay Population ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background Several studies have identified different genes that control the final dimension and structure of the mandible. Prognathism of the mandible is thought to correlate with these genes; however, no specific gene has been assigned as a risk factor due to various genome-wide scan results in different races. Previous studies that involved the Han ethnic group in China and Korea suggested matrilin-1 (MATN1) polymorphism as the contributor for mandibular prognathism. To date, no study has been conducted to understand the role of MATN1 in Deutero-Malay population. This study aimed to detect MATN1 gene polymorphism in the promoter and exon 5 regions, which is a proposed risk factor in class III skeletal malocclusion with mandibular prognathism in Deutero-Malay population. This was a case-control study with purposive sampling method that involved 47 class III skeletal malocclusion subjects with mandibular prognathism (case group) and 47 class I skeletal relation subjects (control group) performed in the Molecular Genetics Laboratory of Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia. DNA isolated from buccal mucous epithelia and MATN1 gene was amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing technique. Data were then analyzed statistically to observe the frequency of allele/genotype MATN1 in class III skeletal malocclusion and mandibular prognathism patients in comparison with the normal mandibular as well as to identify the risk factor of mandibular prognathism. Result The frequency of the 354 T > C(rs20566) CC genotype gene polymorphism in the case group was significantly higher than in the control group. The odd ratio (OR) value of the case group was also higher than in the control group (χ2 = 4.89; p = 0.027; OR = 6.27). Conclusions Our results show that the polymorphism of 354 T > C in the exon 5 region of the CC genotype MATN1 gene is a risk factor for class III skeletal malocclusion with mandible prognathism in Deutero-Malay population.

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Determination of the Effect of High-Dose Intralipid in Compared to Its Gradual Dose in Very Low Birth Weight Newborns: A Case-control Study

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2019/v30i230267 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Mandana Kashaki ◽

Arash Bordbar ◽

Ali Mazouri ◽

Nikta Nikbakht ◽

Babak Jafarvand

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Very Low Birth Weight ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Case Group ◽

High Dose ◽

Control Study ◽

Gradual Dose

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of high dose intralipid in compared to its gradual dose in very low birth weight newborns in Iran. Methods: This study was a case-control study that conducted on 104 very low birth weight infants (<1500 g) referred to Akbarabadi hospital of Tehran (Iran) in 2016. The infants were randomly assigned to two groups (case group: 52 vs. control group: 52). The control group received intralipid 20% with a dose of 1 g/kg/24 h in the first and second day of the study, then from 3rd day to 3 g/kg /24h was raised. But, the case group received 3 g/kg/24 h of intralipid 20% from the first day and continued until the end of the study. In both groups, the study lasted for up to 30 days. Data were collected and analyzed using SPSS22 software. Also P-Value <0.05 was considered as a significant level. Results: The results showed mean daily weight gain in case group is higher than control group and this difference was significant statistically (P-Value < 0.05). Also, although the mean of blood sugar, triglyceride, HCO3, the number of positive blood culture and the number of positive CPR in case group were higher than control group, but these differences were not statistically significant (P-Value >0.05). Conclusion: Given that the better and faster growth of newborns in the intralipid group with high-dose in compared to intralipid group with gradual dose, the use of higher initial doses is recommended in newborns with very low birth weight.

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PERIODONTITIS AND MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION RISK: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY

Pakistan Heart Journal ◽

10.47144/phj.v54i4.2141 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 315-320

Author(s):

Raima Bashir ◽

Mervyn Hosein ◽

Zil- e - Rubab ◽

Tahir Saghir ◽

Fizza Saher

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Myocardial Infarct ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Case Group ◽

Control Study

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the association of periodontitis and Myocardial Infarction (MI) and contributes as a potential risk factor for its incidence. Methodology: This multi-centre, case-control study enrolled 125 participants. Case group comprising of Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) = 55, control group consisting of non – AMI = 70. Both groups were assessed for presence of periodontitis along with specific risk factors that were recorded in a modified proforma comprising of questions pertaining to demographics, oral hygiene practices and oral eating habits. Chi-square test was used to assess association and p-value was considered significant at ≤0.05. Results: Periodontitis was found to be prevalent in 71% of Myocardial Infarction (MI) patients with an OR 4.125 (95% CI, 1.934 - 8.797) as compared to 37% in Control (non-Myocardial Infarct). Increasing age, male gender, illiteracy, unemployment/retirement, low socio-economic status, being overweight, no dental visits, and smoking (both duration & frequency) were found to be statistically significantly associated with occurrence of periodontitis and myocardial infarction in the study. Conclusion: Periodontitis was found to be prevalent among the MI patients suggesting a causal link between these two conditions that can be reduced by adopting a healthy lifestyle, refraining from smoking, good oral hygiene and visiting a dentist for regular check-up.

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Vitiligo associated hypoacusis: a case control study

International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20160958 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 77

Author(s):

Abhishek Maheshwari ◽

Rajlaxmi Panigrahi ◽

Shruti Mahajan

Keyword(s):

Head And Neck ◽

Pure Tone ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Hearing Threshold ◽

Pure Tone Audiometry ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Case Group ◽

Control Study

Background: Vitiligo is a progressive depigmenting cutaneous disorder, resulting from the loss of melanocytes. In the inner ear, melanocytes are believed to play an important role in development and normal functioning of stria vascularis. Acoustic abnormalities in vitiligo patients remain obscured for long durations. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of subclinical sensorineural hearing loss in vitiligo patients, if any, in comparison with controls and to detect any relevant demographic or clinical finding characteristic of hypoacusis in vitiligo patients.Methods: A prospective case control study was undertaken in 50 vitiligo patients (case group), who were compared with another 50 age and sex matched healthy volunteers (control group). All cases underwent detailed dermatological and ENT examination and were subjected to tests like pure tone audiometry, transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE).Results: A statistically significant (p value = 0.039), higher average pure tone hearing threshold (APT-HT) was noted in vitiligo patients in comparison with the control group. Vitiligo originating at the head and neck was strongly associated with hypoacusis (54.55%, 6 of 11 cases). TEOAE reproducibility % was reduced to 42.6% in the vitiligo group.Conclusion: Vitiligo is associated with subclinical sensorineural hypoacusis. Vitiligo with its primary site in head and neck region and co-exixting leucotrichia shows a strong association with asymptomatic sensorineural hypoacusis in such patients. Pure tone audiometery and TEOAE can be effectively used to assess and follow up vitiligo patients for asymptomatic subclinical sensorineural hypoacusis.

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Associations between Red Blood Cell and Platelet Transfusions and Retinopathy of Prematurity

Neonatology ◽

10.1159/000512020 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Tobias Hengartner ◽

Mark Adams ◽

Riccardo E. Pfister ◽

Diane Snyers ◽

Jane McDougall ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Same Sex ◽

Live Births ◽

Adjusted Logistic Regression ◽

Control Study

Aim: The aim of this study is to examine possible associations between the transfusion of RBC or platelets (PLTs) and the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in infants. Methods: This retrospective, national, case-control study included all live births in Switzerland between 2013 and 2018. We investigated preterm infants at a gestational age of <28 weeks, who developed higher stage ROP (≥stage 2, n = 178). Each case infant was matched to another of the same sex who did not develop ROP (n = 178, control group). Results: When compared with the control group, we observed higher numbers of RBC transfusions per infant and higher percentages of infants receiving PLT transfusions in the case group. An adjusted logistic regression analysis revealed that both RBC (odds ratio [OR] 1.081, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.020–1.146) and PLT transfusions (OR = 2.502, 95% CI 1.566–3.998) numbers were associated with ROP development. Conclusions: Multiple RBC and PLT transfusions are associated with higher stage ROP development. Prospective studies are required to determine their potential as risk factors.

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