CHARACTERISTICS OF PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IN PATIENTS WITH PSORIASIS

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
M.V. Mashina ◽  
A.S. Nesterov ◽  
K.A. Korobochkina ◽  
A.V. Bylinkina ◽  
E.A. Kozyreva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Severe Psoriasis ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Key Words Psoriasis ◽  
Sensorimotor Polyneuropathy ◽  
Inflammatory Dermatosis ◽  
Excessive Proliferation

Psoriasis is a chronic non-infectious inflammatory dermatosis characterized by excessive proliferation of epithelial cells, impaired differentiation, often involving the musculoskeletal system. Materials and Methods. The authors examined 60 patients with psoriasis, 39 men and 21 women, aged from 21 to 69 (the average subject age was 46.3±13.94). All patients underwent a standard dermatological and neurological examination. Motor function was assessed according to knee jerk, elbow jerk and Achilles jerk. Pain sensitivity was established after pricking the thumb dorsum with a special blunt-end needle. Nonparametric methods were used for statistical analysis. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used to check the differences between independent groups of patients. The distribution of characteristic was assessed using a probability calculator. Differences were statistically significant at 95 % probability (p<0.05). Results. Mild psoriasis was found in 8 patients (13.3 %), moderate-to-severe psoriasis – in 14 patients (23 %) (PASI=11–30), severe psoriasis – in 38 patients (63.7 %) (PASI>30). Type I psoriasis was detected in 32 patients (53.2 %), type II – in 28 patients (46.8 %). Dysfunctions of the peripheral nervous system were found in 30 patients (50 %). In 12 subjects (20 %) symmetrical sensory and motor disturbances were observed in the distal parts of all four limbs. In 9 patients (15 %) symmetrical decrease in knee and Achilles jerks was observed. Symmetrical decrease in tactile and temperature sensitivity in the distal parts of the lower extremities was noted in 9 patients with psoriasis (15 %). Conclusion. Distal symmetric sensorimotor polyneuropathy is common in patients with psoriasis. Severe psoriasis is accompanied by distal symmetric sensorimotor polyneuropathy. Key words: psoriasis, comorbidity, demyelination, polyneuropathy. Псориаз – это хронический неинфекционный воспалительный дерматоз, характеризующийся избыточной пролиферацией эпителиоцитов, нарушением их дифференциации, нередко вовлекающий в процесс опорно-двигательный аппарат. Материалы и методы. Обследовано 60 больных псориазом, из них 39 мужчин и 21 женщина в возрасте от 21 до 69 лет (средний возраст обследуемых 46,3±13,94 года). Всем больным проводился стандартный дерматологический и неврологический осмотр. Двигательная функция исследовалась с помощью оценки коленного, локтевого и ахиллова рефлексов. Болевая чувствительность устанавливалась после укола тыльной поверхности большого пальца специальной иглой с притупленным концом. Для статистического анализа использовались непараметрические методы. Для проверки отличий между независимыми группами больных применялся Mann – Whitney U-test. Распределение признака оценивалось с помощью вероятностного калькулятора. Статистические значимыми считались отличия при уровне вероятности более 95 % (p<0,05). Результаты. Легкая степень псориаза установлена у 8 (13,3 %) больных, умеренно тяжелый псориаз – у 14 (23 %) пациентов (индекс PASI 11–30 баллов), тяжелая форма псориаза – у 38 (63,7 %) больных (индекс PASI более 30 баллов). Псориаз I типа определялся у 32 (53,2 %) больных, II типа – у 28 (46,8 %). У 30 (50 %) больных обнаружены нарушения функции периферической нервной системы. У 12 (20 %) чел. наблюдались симметричные сенсорные и двигательные нарушения в дистальных отделах всех четырех конечностей. У 9 (15 %) чел. отмечалось симметричное снижение коленного и ахиллова рефлексов. Девять (15 %) больных псориазом имели симметричное снижение тактильной и температурной чувствительности в дистальных отделах нижних конечностей. Выводы. У больных псориазом часто встречается дистальная симметричная сенсорно-моторная полинейропатия. Тяжелое течение псориаза сопровождается дистальной симметричной сенсорно-моторной полинейропатией. Ключевые слова: псориаз, коморбидность, демиелинизация, полинейропатия.

Origin and specification of type II sensory neurons in Drosophila

Development ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 121 (9) ◽  
pp. 2923-2936 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Brewster ◽  
R. Bodmer
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Precursor Cells ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Sensory Organs ◽  
Mutant Analysis

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) of Drosophila is a preferred model for studying the genetic basis of neurogenesis because its simple and stereotyped pattern makes it ideal for mutant analysis. Type I sensory organs, the external (bristle-type) sensory organs (es) and the internal (stretch-receptive) chordotonal organs (ch), have been postulated to derive from individual ectodermal precursor cells that undergo a stereotyped pattern of cell division. Little is known about the origin and specification of type II sensory neurons, the multiple dendritic (md) neurons. Using the flp/FRT recombinase system from yeast, we have determined that a subset of md neurons derives from es organ lineages, another subset derives from ch organ lineages and a third subset is unrelated to sensory organs. We also provide evidence that the genes, numb and cut, are both required for the proper differentiation of md neurons.

scholarly journals Polyneuropathy following COVID-19 infection: the rehabilitation approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. e242330
Author(s):  
Ahmad Saif ◽  
Anton Pick
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Critical Illness ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Sensorimotor Polyneuropathy ◽  
System Disease ◽  
Symmetrical Pattern

A range of neurological manifestations associated with COVID-19 have been reported in the literature, but the pathogenesis of these have yet to be fully explained. The majority of cases of peripheral nervous system disease published thus far have shown a symmetrical pattern. In contrast, we describe the case of a patient with asymmetrical predominantly upper-limb sensorimotor polyneuropathy following COVID-19 infection, likely due to a multifactorial pathological process involving critical illness neuropathy, mechanical injury and inflammatory disease. His presentation, management and recovery contribute to the understanding of this complex condition and informs rehabilitation approaches.

scholarly journals Differential Effects of Three CanonicalToxoplasmaStrains on Gene Expression in Human Neuroepithelial Cells

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 1363-1373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianchun Xiao ◽  
Lorraine Jones-Brando ◽  
C. Conover Talbot ◽  
Robert H. Yolken
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nucleotide Metabolism ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Neuroepithelial Cells ◽  
The Central Nervous System

ABSTRACTStrain type is one of the key factors suspected to play a role in determining the outcome ofToxoplasmainfection. In this study, we examined the transcriptional profile of human neuroepithelioma cells in response to representative strains ofToxoplasmaby using microarray analysis to characterize the strain-specific host cell response. The study of neural cells is of interest in light of the ability ofToxoplasmato infect the brain and to establish persistent infection within the central nervous system. We found that the extents of the expression changes varied considerably among the three strains. Neuroepithelial cells infected withToxoplasmatype I exhibited the highest level of differential gene expression, whereas type II-infected cells had a substantially smaller number of genes which were differentially expressed. Cells infected with type III exhibited intermediate effects on gene expression. The three strains also differed in the individual genes and gene pathways which were altered following cellular infection. For example, gene ontology (GO) analysis indicated that type I infection largely affects genes related to the central nervous system, while type III infection largely alters genes which affect nucleotide metabolism; type II infection does not alter the expression of a clearly defined set of genes. Moreover, Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA) suggests that the three lineages differ in the ability to manipulate their host; e.g., they employ different strategies to avoid, deflect, or subvert host defense mechanisms. These observed differences may explain some of the variation in the neurobiological effects of different strains ofToxoplasmaon infected individuals.

Review of the Toxicology of Mineral Spirits

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie A. Amoruso ◽  
John F. Gamble ◽  
Richard H. McKee ◽  
Arlean M. Rohde ◽  
Andrew Jaques
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Systemic Effects ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Class A ◽  
Boiling Range ◽  
Class C ◽  
Mineral Spirits

This review of the toxicology of mineral spirits covers studies of the major classes of mineral spirits and several toxicologically important mineral spirit constituents. This review cites data from numerous previously unpublished animal toxicology studies conducted on mineral spirits during the past 30 years, expanding the existing database on the toxicology of this group of hydrocarbon solvents. The data can be used to better evaluate the potential effects associated with exposure to these materials, including health and environmental reviews such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency High Production Volume (HPV) chemical program and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) HPV Screening Information Data Set (SIDS) program. The majority of animal toxicology studies in the available literature were conducted on mineral spirits categorized as ASTM D235 Type I Class A (149°C to 213°C boiling range; 8% to 22% aromatics) and demonstrate that Type I Class A mineral spirits have a low order of acute toxicity and do not produce significant systemic effects. Some additional studies conducted with ASTM D235 Type II Class C mineral spirits (177°C to 213°C boiling range; <2% aromatics) suggest that Type II Class C mineral spirits have similar toxicity to Type I Class A mineral spirits, though there is some evidence that Type II, Class C mineral spirits have a lesser degree of central nervous system (CNS) effects than the higher aromatic containing Type I Class A materials. In addition, toxicity data on selected chemical constituents of mineral spirits (e.g., n-nonane, n-decane, n-undecane) indicate that these chemicals have similar toxicological properties to mineral spirits. Overall, the data showed that mineral spirits have a low order of acute toxicity and do not appear to produce toxicologically relevant systemic effects. Ongoing studies are evaluating the concerns associated with chronic low-level exposure and central nervous system effects.

scholarly journals Atypical antipsychotics and the negative symptoms of schizophrenia

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. King
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Antipsychotic Medication ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Atypical Antipsychotics ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Cortical Atrophy ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

The concept of positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia can be traced back to Hughlings Jackson (1889) who taught that disease does not create, it sets free, and accordingly positive symptoms could be seen as ‘release’ phenomena resulting from ‘dissolution’ of the highest cerebral centres of the nervous system. Crow (1980) revived the dichotomy and proposed a Type I syndrome, characterised by positive symptoms, and a Type II syndrome, characterised by negative symptoms. He thought the latter was due to cortical atrophy and responded poorly to antipsychotic medication. In their review of the distinction, Walker & Lewine (1988) found a stronger relationship between premorbid dysfunction and negative symptoms than with positive symptoms. They also found there was a stronger influence of genetic factors on negative symptoms than positive symptoms.

scholarly journals Insulin-Like Growth Factors in the Peripheral Nervous System

Endocrinology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 149 (12) ◽  
pp. 5963-5971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelli A. Sullivan ◽  
Bhumsoo Kim ◽  
Eva L. Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Type I ◽  
Igf Binding Proteins ◽  
Motor Neuron Diseases ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Igf Binding

IGF-I and -II are potent neuronal mitogens and survival factors. The actions of IGF-I and -II are mediated via the type I IGF receptor (IGF-IR) and IGF binding proteins regulate the bioavailability of the IGFs. Cell viability correlates with IGF-IR expression and intact IGF-I/IGF-IR signaling pathways, including activation of MAPK/phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase. The expression of IGF-I and -II, IGF-IR, and IGF binding proteins are developmentally regulated in the central and peripheral nervous system. IGF-I therapy demonstrates mixed therapeutic results in the treatment of peripheral nerve injury, neuropathy, and motor neuron diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In this review we discuss the role of IGFs during peripheral nervous system development and the IGF signaling system as the potential therapeutic target for the treatment of nerve injury and motor neuron diseases.

scholarly journals Differential Spatiotemporal Expression of Type I and Type II Cadherins Associated With the Segmentation of the Central Nervous System and Formation of Brain Nuclei in the Developing Mouse

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Polanco ◽  
Fredy Reyes-Vigil ◽  
Sarah D. Weisberg ◽  
Ilirian Dhimitruka ◽  
Juan L. Brusés
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Brain Nuclei

Type I and type II classical cadherins comprise a family of cell adhesion molecules that regulate cell sorting and tissue separation by forming specific homo and heterophilic bonds. Factors that affect cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion include cadherin binding affinity and expression level. This study examines the expression pattern of type I cadherins (Cdh1, Cdh2, Cdh3, and Cdh4), type II cadherins (Cdh6, Cdh7, Cdh8, Cdh9, Cdh10, Cdh11, Cdh12, Cdh18, Cdh20, and Cdh24), and the atypical cadherin 13 (Cdh13) during distinct morphogenetic events in the developing mouse central nervous system from embryonic day 11.5 to postnatal day 56. Cadherin mRNA expression levels obtained from in situ hybridization experiments carried out at the Allen Institute for Brain Science (https://alleninstitute.org/) were retrieved from the Allen Developing Mouse Brain Atlas. Cdh2 is the most abundantly expressed type I cadherin throughout development, while Cdh1, Cdh3, and Cdh4 are expressed at low levels. Type II cadherins show a dynamic pattern of expression that varies between neuroanatomical structures and developmental ages. Atypical Cdh13 expression pattern correlates with Cdh2 in abundancy and localization. Analyses of cadherin-mediated relative adhesion estimated from their expression level and binding affinity show substantial differences in adhesive properties between regions of the neural tube associated with the segmentation along the anterior–posterior axis. Differences in relative adhesion were also observed between brain nuclei in the developing subpallium (basal ganglia), suggesting that differential cell adhesion contributes to the segregation of neuronal pools. In the adult cerebral cortex, type II cadherins Cdh6, Cdh8, Cdh10, and Cdh12 are abundant in intermediate layers, while Cdh11 shows a gradated expression from the deeper layer 6 to the superficial layer 1, and Cdh9, Cdh18, and Cdh24 are more abundant in the deeper layers. Person’s correlation analyses of cadherins mRNA expression patterns between areas and layers of the cerebral cortex and the nuclei of the subpallium show significant correlations between certain cortical areas and the basal ganglia. The study shows that differential cadherin expression and cadherin-mediated adhesion are associated with a wide range of morphogenetic events in the developing central nervous system including the organization of neurons into layers, the segregation of neurons into nuclei, and the formation of neuronal circuits.

Abnormalities in Central Nervous System Development in Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type II

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn Clark Emery ◽  
Nancy C. Karpinski ◽  
Lawrence Hansen ◽  
Eliezer Masliah
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Osteogenesis Imperfecta ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Nervous System Development ◽  
Type I ◽  
Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Neuroblast Migration

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) type II is a perinatally lethal condition resulting from mutations in type I collagen genes. In addition to characteristic skeletal anomalies, OI type II has recently been shown to be associated with neuropathological alterations, specifically perivenous microcalcifications, and impaired neuroblast migration. In light of these findings, and because type I collagen promotes neuritic maturation both in vitro and in vivo, we sought to determine if additional central nervous system (CNS) developmental anomalies could be found in previously autopsied OI type II cases, and if specific abnormalities correlate with OI subtypes. We retrospectively studied brains of nine patients diagnosed with OI. Of these, seven were OI type II: five were OI type IIA, one was type IIB, and one was type IIC. One OI type I specimen and one OI type III brain were included for comparison, as well as five controls. The IIC brain showed hippocampal malrotation, agyria, abnormal neuronal lamination, diffuse hemorrhage, and peri-ventricular leukomalacia (PVL). The IIB brain had white matter gliosis, PVL, and perivascular calcifications, but was normally developed. Of the five type IIA brains, two showed migrational defects with coexisting PVL and gliosis, two were normally developed with similar white matter injuries, and one was grossly normal. These findings support the contention that collagen mutations might negatively impact CNS development.

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