Les réseaux urbains: un exemple d'application de la théorie des systèmes auto organisés critiques / Urban networks: a case study of the critical self-organized system theory

2003 ◽  
Vol 112 (631) ◽  
pp. 227-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Dauphiné
Keyword(s):  
System Theory ◽  
Urban Networks ◽  
Self Organized

Criticality: How Changes Preserve Stability in Self-Organizing Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 1613-1629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Accard
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
System Theory ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Fundamental Issue ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Self Organized Criticality ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Self Organizing

Self-organizing systems are social systems which are immanently and constantly recreated by agents. In a self-organizing system, agents make changes while preserving stability. If they do not preserve stability, they push the system toward chaos and cannot recreate it. How changes preserve stability is thus a fundamental issue. In current works, changes preserve stability because agents’ ability to make changes is limited by interaction rules and power. However, how agents diffuse the changes throughout the system while preserving its stability has not been addressed in these works. We have addressed this issue by borrowing from a complex system theory neglected thus far in organization theories: self-organized criticality theory. We suggest that self-organizing systems are in critical states: agents have equivalent ability to make changes, and none are able to foresee or control how their changes diffuse throughout the system. Changes, then, diffuse unpredictably – they may diffuse to small or large parts of the system or not at all, and it is this unpredictable diffusion that preserves stability in the system over time. We call our theoretical framework self-organiz ing criticality theory. It presents a new treatment of change and stability and improves the understanding of self-organizing.

scholarly journals Early Front-End Innovation Decisions for Self-Organized Industrial Symbiosis Dynamics—A Case Study on Lignin Utilization

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Gabriel ◽  
Josef-Peter Schöggl ◽  
Alfred Posch
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Symbiosis ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Front End ◽  
Lignin Utilization

scholarly journals Network Structure of Intercity Trips by Chinese Residents under Different Travel Modes: A Case Study of the Spring Festival Travel Rush

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Rong Zhang ◽  
Jinghu Pan ◽  
Jianbo Lai
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Location Based Service ◽  
Urban Networks ◽  
The Core ◽  
Spring Festival ◽  
Population Migrations ◽  
Local Aggregation ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
Hub Cities

With the advent of big data, the use of network data to characterize travel has gradually become a trend. Tencent Migration big data can fully, dynamically, immediately, and visually record the trajectories of population migrations with location-based service technology. Here, the daily population flow data of 346 cities during the Spring Festival travel rush in China were combined with different travel modes to measure the spatial structure and spatial patterns of an intercity trip network of Chinese residents. These data were then used for a comprehensive depiction of the complex relationships between the population flows of cities. The results showed that there were obvious differences in the characteristics of urban networks from the perspective of different modes of travel. The intercity flow of aviation trips showed a core-periphery structure with national hub cities as the core distribution. Trips by train showed a core-periphery structure with cities along the national railway artery as the core. This gradually decreased toward hinterland cities. Moreover, the intercity flow of highway trips indicated a spatial pattern of strong local aggregation that matched the population scale.

scholarly journals GAMBARAN KREATIVITAS GURU DALAM PENERAPAN KURIKULUM 2013 SEKOLAH DASAR DI SURABAYA

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Uni Kartika Sari ◽  
Nono Hery Yoenanto
Keyword(s):  
System Theory ◽  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Curriculum Implementation ◽  
Grand Theory ◽  
Instrumental Case Study ◽  
Teacher Creativity

This research aims to determine teacher creativity in the 2013 curriculum implementation of elementary school in Surabaya. The teacher's creativity refers to Guilford's creativity (1967) that involves fluency of thinking, flexibility, originality and elaboration. Meanwhile, the Bronfenbrenner’s ecological system theory used as the grand theory. This research focuses on “X” and “Y” elementary schools. The instrumental case study took as design research, which used variant participants who interviewed by researcher such as teachers, principals and parents. This study uses a thematic analysis of data. Findings indicate that teacher creativity in the 2013 curriculum implementation have been carried out well where from fluency, flexibility and elaboration in planning of learning, process and evaluating learning outcomes of student. Meanwhile, the originality that related with the teacher's idea in planning learning still lacks authenticity. Furthermore, teacher also lack to creativity of assessment due to the thematic assessment content that depend respective educational units.

scholarly journals Understanding the Informal Morphology of Villages-in-the-City: A Case Study in Hanoi City, Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13136
Author(s):  
Ngo Kien Thinh ◽  
Yun Gao
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Production Of Space ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Informal Urbanism ◽  
The City ◽  
Practical Level

This paper explores the production of space in the villages-in-the-city (ViCs) through a morphological perspective. During the urbanization process, rural villages originally located in the peri-area of a metropolis are eventually merged into the urban landscape. Due to lack of proper planning, these villages have faced serious criticism due to informality, self-organized development and sub-standard living conditions, and planning policies tend to focus on demolition rather than on incrementally upgrading ViCs on the same site. In this paper, we focus on the fluidity of spaces in ViCs by drawing on a case study in Hanoi, Vietnam. The key research methods are mapping, observation and visual recording. The findings illustrate how informal urbanism works in ViCs regarding spatial structure, public/private interfaces and incremental upgrading. On a theoretical level, this research helps to enrich the description of the morphological characteristics of ViCs with relation to the effects of rapid urbanization. On a practical level, this study contributes to the ways in which researchers and planners can engage with incremental changes in the integrated village.

scholarly journals Pandemic makers: Emergent networks of collective entrepreneurship in response to crisis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Browder ◽  
Angela Forgues ◽  
Stella Seyb ◽  
Howard Aldrich
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Learned Resourcefulness ◽  
Local Networks ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Collective Entrepreneurship ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Entrepreneurial Action ◽  
Emergent Networks

In response to COVID-19 and the shortage of personal protective equipment, the maker community activated local networks in a display of collective action. We conducted a multiple case study of emergent networks to understand how makers self-organized for collective entrepreneurial action while facing resource constraints and legitimacy deficits. Although the maker community has endeavored to break free from institutional constraints, they nonetheless formed relationships with institutions in need. They deployed learned resourcefulness and learned legitimation strategies with varying degrees of effectiveness. Our findings contribute to the literature on resourcefulness, legitimation, and collective action in entrepreneurship processes.

scholarly journals Institutional Lens upon Industrial Symbiosis Dynamics: The case of Persian Gulf Mining and Metal Industries Special Economic Zone

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 6192
Author(s):  
Shiva Noori ◽  
Gijsbert Korevaar ◽  
Andrea Ramirez Ramirez
Keyword(s):  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Industrial Clusters ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Special Economic Zone ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Industrial Symbiosis ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Economic Zone

Industrial Symbiosis (IS) is a collaboration between nearby industrial plants to exchange waste material and energy and achieve economic and environmental benefits that cannot be obtained individually. IS emergence in a cluster requires both technical potentials for material and energy exchange and social readiness for collaboration. In this paper, to gain insight into IS dynamics in emerging industrial clusters; we investigate shared concepts governing actors’ behavior in the form of rules and regulations, and social norms and practices. We implemented the IS dynamics framework to reveal which dynamics are supported either by the legislation or actors’ preferences. The Persian Gulf Mining and Metal Industries Special Economic Zone in Iran is used as a case study. The case study revealed that previous successful collaborations in the cluster were often self-organized, but stakeholders preferred to initiate new IS collaborations if financial incentives and infrastructure are provided. Meanwhile, the institutional analysis showed that institutional arrangements (e.g., pricing and penalties) are not in favor of IS emergence. Even though stakeholders might engage in self-organized IS because of inherent problems such as resource scarcity, the lack of clear and effective institutions could hinder IS. This understanding can help both the government and stakeholders in their strategies for future collaborations under different economic and environmental policies.

Nonviolent Communal Strategies in Insurgencies Case Study on Afghanistan

2019 ◽  
pp. 203-226
Author(s):  
Christoph Zürcher
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Armed Groups ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
External Actors

In insurgencies, rural communities are the most vulnerable segment of society. Rural communities in Afghanistan are traditionally highly self-organized and capable of collective action. It is therefore reasonable to assume that communities will make collective efforts to minimize the risks of getting harmed. Using qualitative and survey data, this chapter investigates this proposition and shows that three strategies are often used and believed by respondents to be effective: negotiating with armed groups, neutrality, and self-defense. It describes these strategies and highlights the conditions under which they may be more or less effective. It then discusses how external actors can inadvertently reduce the space for such civil actions and make communities less safe, and what can be done to avoid this.

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