RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PLASMA TESTOSTERONE LEVELS AND RISK FACTORS IN MALE PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES

Background: Testosterone is vital hormone for men’s health and a keyplayer in glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and cardiovascular pathology. Testosterone deficiency is associated with age, many chronic health conditions and other metabolic disorders. Objectives: Of this study to assess the concentration of plasma testosterone in male patients with type 2 diabetes, and evaluate the relationship between plasma testosterone levels and the assosiated risk factors. Methods: 54 male patients with type 2 diabetes and 31 non diabetes subjects over 45 years old, were assessed plasma tetosterone and lipidemia concentration and risk factore including age, BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure. Results: The concentration of plasma testosterone in type 2 diabetic male patients was lower than that in normal male subjects (4.5± 1.59 vs 5.27± 1.59 ng/ml, p< 0.05). There was significantly difference of plasma tetosterone levels between diabetic patients and controls of < 60 ages and ≥ 60 ages were respectively (4.07± 1.19 vs 5.36± 1.89 ng/ml) and (4.76± 1.76 vs 5.22 ±1.39 ng/ml, p <0.05). There was correlation between plasma testosterone levels with WC (r = - 0.4242, p< 0.01) and BMI (r = -0.37, p<0.01) and no relationship significatively between plasma testosterone concentration with blood pressure and lipidemia in diabetic patients. Conclusions: Concentration of plasma testosterone in type 2 diabetic male patients was lower than that in healthy subjects of similar age, related with age, VB and BMI. Key words: Testosterone, diabetes, risk factors.

CNDP1, NOS3, and MnSOD Polymorphisms as Risk Factors for Diabetic Nephropathy among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Malaysia

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1155/2019/8736215 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mohd Jokha Yahya ◽

Patimah Binti Ismail ◽

Norshariza Binti Nordin ◽

Abdah Binti Md Akim ◽

Wan Shaariah Binti Md Yusuf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Diabetic Nephropathy ◽

Manganese Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Multiplicative Model ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type 2 Diabetic ◽

Mode Of Inheritance

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a high incidence of nephropathy. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of a genetic polymorphism of carnosinase (CNDP1-D18S880and -rs2346061), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3-rs1799983), and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD-rs4880) genes with the development of diabetic nephropathy among Malaysian type 2 diabetic patients. A case-control association study was performed using 652 T2DM patients comprising 227 Malays (without nephropathy = 96 and nephropathy = 131), 203 Chinese (without nephropathy = 95 and nephropathy = 108), and 222 Indians (without nephropathy = 136 and nephropathy = 86). DNA sequencing was performed for theD18S880ofCNDP1, while the rest were tested using DNA Sequenom MassARRAY to identify the polymorphisms. DNA was extracted from the secondary blood samples taken from the T2DM patients. The alleles and genotypes were tested using four genetic models, and the best mode of inheritance was chosen based on the leastpvalue. Thers2346061ofCNDP1was significantly associated with diabetic nephropathy among the Indians only with OR = 1.94 and 95% CI = (1.76–3.20) and fitted best the multiplicative model, whileD18S880was associated among all the three major races with the Malays having the strongest association with OR = 2.46 and 95% CI = (1.48–4.10), Chinese with OR = 2.26 and 95% CI = (1.34–3.83), and Indians with OR = 1.77 and 95% CI = (1.18–2.65) in the genotypic multiplicative model. The best mode of inheritance for bothMnSODandNOS3was the additive model. ForMnSOD-rs4880, the Chinese had OR = 2.8 and 95% CI = (0.53–14.94), Indians had OR = 2.4 and 95% CI = (0.69–2.84), and Malays had OR = 2.16 and 95% CI = (0.54–8.65), while forNOS3-rs1799983, the Indians had the highest risk with OR = 3.16 and 95% CI = (0.52–17.56), followed by the Chinese with OR = 3.55 and 95% CI = (0.36–35.03) and the Malays with OR = 2.89 and 95% CI = (0.29–28.32). The four oxidative stress-related polymorphisms have significant effects on the development of nephropathy in type 2 diabetes patients. The genes may, therefore, be considered as risk factors for Malaysian subjects who are predisposed to T2DM nephropathy.

Serum Levels of Progranulin Are Closely Associated with Microvascular Complication in Type 2 Diabetes

Disease Markers ◽

10.1155/2015/357279 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Lin Xu ◽

Bo Zhou ◽

Huixia Li ◽

Jiali Liu ◽

Junhui Du ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Microvascular Complications ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Diabetic Microangiopathy ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Objective. Progranulin (PGRN) was recently introduced as a novel marker of chronic inflammatory response in obesity and type 2 diabetes capable of directly affecting the insulin signaling pathway. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between PGRN and type 2 diabetics with microvascular complications.Methods. PGRN serum levels and glucose metabolism related substance were measured in 84 type 2 diabetic patients with or without microangiopathies and 12 health persons. Further analyses of serum PGRN in different stages of diabetic microangiopathies were conducted.Results. Serum levels of PGRN were markedly higher in type 2 diabetic patients with microangiopathies. PGRN serum levels increased with the progress of diabetic microangiopathies with significantly highest values detectable in clinical diabetic nephropathy (CDN) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) groups. Serum PGRN concentrations in all individuals positively and markedly correlated with systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI), triglyceride (TG), urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CRE), white blood cell (WBC), disease duration, IL-6, and TNF-α, while correlating negatively and significantly with eGFR. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that only UAER and CRE were independently associated with serum PGRN.Conclusion. PGRN might be considered as a marker for diabetic microangiopathy and its severity.

The effects of obesity along with other risk factors on type 2 diabetic patients in the northwest of Libya

World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews ◽

10.30574/wjarr.2020.8.2.0413 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 117-123

Author(s):

Khaled Ali ALawaini ◽

Mustafa Ali Abugila

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Family History ◽

Positive Family History ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Face To Face ◽

High Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽

Type 2 diabetes has several causes, such as family history, age, physical inactivity, and unhealthy food. Obesity is a significant cause of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Microvascular and macrovascular complications are associated with long-term diabetes. However, the main objective in this study is to search for complications and risk factors related to diabetes. Therefore, 472 diabetic patients with type 2 diabetes from northwest Libya participated in this study. Face-to-face interviews conducted using a questionnaire asking each patient information about name, age, sex, duration of disease, family history, and measured body mass index (BMI). A biochemical analysis (FPG, HbA1c, cholesterol, and triglyceride) was also performed on diabetic patients. Our results showed that 60.6% of type 2 diabetic patients had a positive family history. Poor glycemic control identified by high fasting plasma glucose (FPG) 186±9 mg/dl, and glycated hemoglobin was (HbA1C) 8.36%±1.8.

Follow-up and treatment pattern during Ramadan and evaluation of the outcome of Ramadan fasting on clinical, biochemical and metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a realworld, multi-center, prospective observational study

BIRDEM Medical Journal ◽

10.3329/birdem.v11i1.51027 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 30-38

Author(s):

Nazmul Kabir Qureshi ◽

Nazma Akter ◽

Zafar Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Prospective Observational Study ◽

Treatment Pattern ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Ramadan Fasting ◽

Background: There are variable effects of Ramadan fasting on clinical and biochemical variables of diabetic people. Anti-diabetic agents are often adjusted during this time to reflect changes in lifestyle. The study was conducted to understand the diversity of follow-up, treatment pattern, clinical, and biochemical outcome of Ramadan fasting among type 2 diabetic patients who observed Ramadan fast. Methods: This real-world, multi-center, prospective, observational study was conducted at the diabetes outpatient department of National Healthcare Network (NHN) Uttara Center of Bangladesh Diabetic Somity (BADAS), Dhaka, Bangladesh and outpatient department of MARKS Hormone and Diabetes clinic, MARKS Medical College &Hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh upon randomly selected type 2 diabetic patients, recruited 1 to 12 weeks prior to the Ramadan and followed up till 12 weeks post-Ramadan period. Finally, a total of 271 participants completed satisfactory follow up. Data was collected before, during, and after Ramadan using a set of questionnaires in a face to face interview. Results: The majority (80.1%) of participants received pre-Ramadan education, counseling, adjustment of medication and other direction to help them cope with Ramadan fasting. A significant reduction of weight, body mass index (BMI)) and blood pressure were reported after Ramadan fast (p<0.001). None of the studied participants experienced severe hyper/hypoglycemia or acute complications requiring hospitalization or an emergency room visit. Metformin was the commonest prescribed anti-diabetic medication. Premixed insulin was the commonest insulin regimen during study period. Three most commonly adjusted oral anti-diabetic drugs were gliclazide, glimepiride, metformin and insulin doses were also adjusted. Mean of fasting and prandial capillary blood glucose decreased from pre-Ramadan period to post-Ramadan period (P<0.05). HbA1c decreased during post-Ramadan period compared to pre-Ramadan visit (P=0.13). A significant reduction in the triglyceride level was observed during post-Ramadan follow up (P< 0.05). Conclusion: The study revealed that a safe fasting can be observed with proper pre-Ramadan work-up. Ramadan fasting resulted into significant reduction of weight, BMI, blood pressure, lipid profile and improved glycemic status in patients with type 2 diabetes. Birdem Med J 2021; 11(1): 30-38

Evaluation of the Prevalence of Sleep Disorder among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Referring to Ghaem Hospital from 2016 to 2017

Current Diabetes Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573399816666200527140340 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Zahra Mazloum Khorasani ◽

Vahid Roshan Ravan ◽

Sepideh Hejazi

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Sleep Disorders ◽

Sleep Disorder ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Objectives: Diabetes is the most common metabolic disease in primary health care. The prevalence and severity of diabetes can be influenced through lifestyle modification. This study was aimed to identify the prevalence of sleep disorders as a modifiable lifestyle factor among diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: This cross‐sectional study was conducted on 190 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who referred to the Internal Medicine Clinic of the Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran from 2016 to 2017. A demographic questionnaire and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Assessment questionnaire (sleep disorder was defined as scores higher than 5) was filled for each subject. Blood tests including haemoglobin A1 C (Hb A1C), fasting blood sugar (FBS) and 2 hour post prandial glucose as well as the assessment of blood pressure, body mass index (BMI) were performed for all patients. Data were analysed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 16. Results: Age of the patients (male to female ratio was 71/119s) was 56.31 ± 7.37 years. BMI more than 25 kg/m2 was observed in 145 (76.3%) of patients . Mean Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Assessment score was 7.48 ± 4.11. Fifty‐one (26.8%) patients were good sleepers and 139 (73.2%) were poor sleepers. There was a significant relationship between sleep disorder and age (p=0.019) and female gender (p=0.017) but no other variables including level of education, occupation, HbA1 C, FBS, 2 hour post prandial glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Discussion: Sleep disorders were common among type 2 diabetic patients especially women. It is recommended that sleep disorders should be screened in diabetic patients. Treatment and prevention of sleep disorders through sleep hygiene education including recommendation to have normal nocturnal sleep should be focused by practitioners in type 2 diabetic patients especially women. Appropriate measures should be taken to manage sleep disorders by weight control in this population.

Correlation between albumin creatinine ratio and hypertension in type 2 diabetes

Journal of Health Studies ◽

10.31101/jhes.1351 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Vitasari Indriani ◽

Wahyu Siswandari ◽

Pugud Samudro ◽

Nor Sri Inayati

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type Diabetes ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Creatinine Ratio ◽

Kidney Dysfunction ◽

Albumin Creatinine Ratio ◽

Diabetes Patients

Hypertension is often found in patients with type 2 diabetes. Albumin Creatinine Ratio (ACR) is used to detect early symptoms of kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study is to determine the correlation between ACR and hypertension, as well as its relationship with other risk factors in type diabetes patients 2. Data were collected from 112 diabetic patients at PROLANIS FKTP Banyumas to see ACR and blood pressure. The results showed that poor glycemic control could be one of the risk factors. It can be concluded that detecting kidney dysfunction through ACR and starting treatment as early as possible can avoid the worst possibilities in type 2 diabetes patients.

Risk Factors of Hypertension among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Imo state, South East of Nigeria

Asian Journal of Medicine and Health ◽

10.9734/ajmah/2020/v18i1030253 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 65-72

Author(s):

Ugonma, Winnie Dozie ◽

Nnenna, Vivian Okonkwo ◽

Okwuchi, Blessed Nworuh ◽

Somtochukwu, Mercy Orji ◽

Chidozie Joakin Nwaokoro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Family History ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

History Of ◽

Family History Of Hypertension ◽

Background: Hypertension is among the important causes of non-communicable disease burden worldwide. It has raised public health concerns in both developed and developing nations. It mostly occurs in patients with diabetes and the prevalence depends on duration, type and age of the patient. The study aimed at determining the risk factors of hypertension among type 2 diabetic patients in Imo State, Nigeria. Methods: A hospital-based descriptive survey design involving 50 patients attending hospital was used. Structured questionnaire complemented with interview schedule was used to collect data from the respondents. Data were analyzed using frequency and mean score. Hypotheses were tested using Chi-square at 5% significance level. Results: The result showed that the majority (70.0%) of the patients was hypertensive, 54.0% of the patients used dietary control and drugs in the treatment of the diseases. Furthermore, it was found that 54.0% ate salty foods always, 58.0% of the patients added extra table salt in their meals, 54.0% ate canned foods and 82.0% took sugary drinks always. It was also found that 66.0% ate always from restaurants and 58.0% ate more of starchy foods. The result further showed that 74.0% of the patients avoided physical exercise and 70.0% indicated that doing stress works made them get anxious. Eighty percent of the patients had hypertension in their family history and the 74.0% indicated it was their brother/sister. The X2 result showed a significantly association between family history of hypertension and type 2 diabetes X2(121, N = 50) = 187, p = 0.000. It was also found that dietary pattern was significantly associated with risk of type 2 diabetes X2(121, N = 50) = 187, p = 0.000. Conclusion: Dietary pattern and family history of hypertension were significantly associated with type 2 diabetes. It was recommended that sensitization campaigns be organized to educate women on the effect of diets on diabetes. Also, family history of hypertension should be ascertained from patients to ensure early detection and treatment of diabetes.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERPENGARUH TERHADAP TERJADINYA HIPERTENSI PADA PENDERITA DIABETES MELITUS TIPE II (Studi di Wilayah Puskesmas Kabupaten Pati)

Jurnal Litbang Media Informasi Penelitian Pengembangan dan IPTEK ◽

10.33658/jl.v13i1.92 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 47-59

Author(s):

Gracilaria Puspa Sari ◽

Marek Samekto ◽

Mateus Sakundarno Adi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Chi Square ◽

Type 2 Diabetic ◽

Ethical Clearance

ENGLISHThe prevalence of hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients is 1,5-3 times higher than in nondiabetic The objectives of this research is to explain the risk factors affecting hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients. The research used an observational studies with case-control study design in Primary Healthcare Centers patients in Pati Regency of 2014. Case group were 57 patients with hypertension in type 2 diabetes, while control group were the type 2 diabetes patients without hypertension. Data were obtained from medical records and qualitative interviews. Chi-square test in bivariate and multiple logistic regression in multivariate analysis. This study has been obtained ethical clearance from The Ethical Committee of Health Research Medical Faculty of Diponegoro University or dr. Kariadi Hospital. Results : factors that influence hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients were physical activity (OR=6.4; 95% CI: 2.18-18.77; p=0.001), diabetes duration ≥ 5 years (OR=5.4; 95% CI: 1.97 – 14.704; p=0.001), and medication adherence (OR=3.6; 95% CI: 1.32-9.83; p=0.012). Other risk factors that not significantly influenced were age ≥45 years, male, diet compliance, history of hypertension, smoking, salt consumption, coffee consumption, and sleep duration. INDONESIAPrevalensi hipertensi pada penderita DM tipe 2 lebih tinggi dibandingkan non DM tipe 2. Tujuan penelitian untuk menjelaskan faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap terjadinya hipertensi pada penderita DM tipe 2 di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kabupaten Pati tahun 2014. Jenis Penelitian observasional dengan rancangan studi kasus kontrol pada pasien Puskesmas. Kelompok kasus adalah 57 pasien DM tipe 2 dengan hipertensi sedangkan kelompok kontrol adalah 57 pasien DM tipe 2 tanpa hipertensi. Data diperoleh dari observasi catatan medis dan wawancara. Uji chi-square pada analisis bivariat dan analisis multivariat dengan regresi logistik ganda. Penelitian ini telah memdapatkan Ethical clearance dari Komisi Etik FK UNDIP/RSUP dr. Kariadi Semarang. Hasil Penelitian : faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap terjadinya hipertensi pada penderita DM tipe 2 adalah aktivitas fisik kurang (OR=6,4; 95% CI: 2,18 - 18,77; p=0,001), lama menderita DM ≥5 tahun (OR=5,4; 95% CI: 1,97 - 14,704; p=0,001), dan kepatuhan minum obat DM (OR=3,6; 95% CI: 1,32 - 9,83; p=0,012). Faktor yang tidak berpengaruh adalah : usia ≥45 tahun, jenis kelamin laki-laki, kepatuhan diet DM, riwayat hipertensi, kebiasaan merokok, kebiasaan makan asin, kebiasaan minum kopi, dan lama waktu tidur.

CONTROL OF GLYCEMIA AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES IN PRIMARY CARE IN MONTENEGRO

Facta Universitatis Series Medicine and Biology ◽

10.22190/fumb180213004c ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 016

Author(s):

Milena M. Cojić ◽

Ljiljana Cvejanov-Kezunović ◽

Jelena Stanković ◽

Nebojša Kavarić ◽

Maja Koraćević ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

The Mean

Some observational studies have shown that only a small number of diabetic patients achieve optimum control of glycaemia and cardiovascular risk factors. The aim of this study was to analyze whether patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated in primary care achieve adequate control of glycemic levels and cardiovascular risk factors. This was a retrospective, record-based, cross-sectional study that included eligible patients from 35 to 90 years old with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated in Primary Health Care Center in Podgorica. We investigated electronic records of 531 diabetic patients. The observed prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus among individuals between ages 35 and 90 years, was 11,84 %. Half of the patients were female. The mean age was 65,88±9,86 years. The mean value of HbA1c was 7,56±1,71. Fifty-nine percents of patients achieved optimal levels of HbA1c ≤ 7 %. Also, more than half of patients achieved target levels of blood pressure while 27.9% achieved LDL ≤ 2.6 mmol/L. Fifty percent of patients were non-smokers and 45.1 % were obese. Among patients on primary prevention only 5.7 % had met all target levels while on secondary prevention that number was even smaller 3.7 %. Our study showed that control of HbA1c and blood pressure was similar to other studies but reaching target levels of LDL was challenging for our patients. Further analysis are needed in order to discover the reasons for poor control of certain CVRF and to develop strategies for its optimal management.

Influence of the dynamics of body weight on the risk factors of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes during the first year of insulin treatment

Obesity and metabolism ◽

10.14341/2071-8713-5067 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 22-25

Author(s):

T S Dzhavakhishvili ◽

T I Romantsova ◽

O V Roik

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Insulin Therapy ◽

Insulin Treatment ◽

Insulin Analogues ◽

First Year ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether insulin treatment-induced weight gain had an adverse impact on cardiovascular risk factors in insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients during the first year after initiating insulin therapy when insulin analogues or human insulins are used. A total of 157 patients with newly insulinized type 2 diabetes were included in the study. The patients were divided in two groups. First group consisted of subjects (mean age 57 [45; 73], duration of diabetes of 10 years [4; 16]) who had received long-acting basal (glargine, detemir), premixed (biphasic insulin aspart 30, Humalog Mix 25) or short-acting (aspart, lispro) insulin analogues. Patients from second group (mean age 59 [46; 75], duration of diabetes of 10 years [5; 15]) were treated with intermediate-acting basal (Protophane, Humulin NPH insulin), premixed (biphasic human insulin 30, Humulin M3) and regular (Actrapid, Humulin R) human insulins. Our study has shown that insulin-induced weight gain may not adversely affect cardiovascular risk factors, particularly, lipid profile, in insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients during the first year after initiating insulin therapy. Use of insulin analogues for treatment of type 2 diabetes patients results in better glycaemic control, significant declines in blood lipid concentrations, less increase in waist circumference compared with human insulins during the first year after initiating insulin therapy.