scholarly journals К вопросу о режиме водных объектов Охотско-Колымского водораздела

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-76
Author(s):  
V. M. Mikhailov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Practical Importance ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Aerospace Materials ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
North East ◽  
Tectonic Movements

The article discusses previously unexplored hydrological and hydrogeological manifestations of smallscale tectonics on a number of lakes and streams in the North-East of Russia. The research involves the results of the author's own observations, analysis of cartographic and aerospace materials of different years as well as published and interrogation data. Regime and evolution of the investigated objects display significant (to several years) variability within short time intervals, manifested in intense fluctuations of water levels in lakes, including their complete draining, absorption of rivers flow, and a number of other effects. The most unusual of them are: 1) counter-directed underground and surface water flows at one of the lakes' extremity; 2) an underground reservoir existence in low reaches of a stream. Most of the time, it drains the surface flow but occasionally it generates volleys of water many times exceeding the extreme floods on streams of comparable sizes. In high-water periods, it functions as a low-debit spring whose output oscillates daily under the influence of tidal force. Many of the studied objects are situated in localities of low-contrast relief without distinct features of tectonic activity. Undoubtedly, the presence of such features does not exclude the processes similar to the abovementioned, though in areas with intense and high-amplitude tectonic movements they are mostly obscure. Probably, in mountainous parts, including foothills, they are widespread. The results presented indicate the need for searching unconventional approaches to interpreting similar observations and using the maximum possible amount of available information. Practical importance of such studies is implied by the necessity to consider the possibility of local tectonic movements when designing industrial and civil objects. The leading inventory in this case should be the study of hydrological and hydrogeological peculiarities of regimes at the sites proposed and the retrospective analysis of cartographic and aerospace materials, examples of which are presented in this paper.

Das waldreiche obere Theresiental (Transkarpatien, Ukraine) – geografisch-ökologische und sozioökonomische Beschreibung | The forest-rich upper Theresian Valley (Transcarpathia, Ukraine): a geographic-ecological and socio-economical description

2007 ◽  
Vol 158 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Vasyl Sabadosh ◽  
Oleg Suprunenko
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
High Water ◽  
The State ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Orange Revolution

The upper Theresian Valley lies along the southwest-facing ridge of the Ukrainian Carpathians. Despite expansive forestation high water levels are frequent. The forest belongs to the state and is centrally administrated. Felling is sometimes outsourced to private companies and private companies have also been founded to process the timber. Job opportunities have become fewer and illegal work is increasing. A new democratic awareness has emerged since the «Orange Revolution» in 2004. With foreign investors, however, new risks emerge. The authors recommend giving monies from forest management to the communities, the founding of new wood processing enterprises and more transparent information.

Lake and inland dunes as interconnected Systems: The story of Lake Tresssee and an adjacent dune field (Schleswig-Holstein, North Germany)

The Holocene ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 095968362098168
Author(s):  
Christian Stolz ◽  
Magdalena Suchora ◽  
Irena A Pidek ◽  
Alexander Fülling
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
High Water ◽  
Alluvial Fan ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Dune Field ◽  
The North ◽  
Sand Drift

The specific aim of the study was to investigate how four adjacent geomorphological systems – a lake, a dune field, a small alluvial fan and a slope system – responded to the same impacts. Lake Tresssee is a shallow lake in the North of Germany (Schleswig-Holstein). During the Holocene, the lake’s water surface declined drastically, predominately as a consequence of human impact. The adjacent inland dune field shows several traces of former sand drift events. Using 30 new radiocarbon ages and the results of 16 OSL samples, this study aims to create a new timeline tracing the interaction between lake and dunes, as well, as how both the lake and the dunes reacted to environmental changes. The water level of the lake is presumed to have peaked during the period before the Younger Dryas (YD; start at 10.73 ka BC). After the Boreal period (OSL age 8050 ± 690 BC) the level must have undergone fluctuations triggered by climatic events and the first human influences. The last demonstrable high water level was during the Late Bronze Age (1003–844 cal. BC). The first to the 9th century AD saw slightly shrinking water levels, and more significant ones thereafter. In the 19th century, the lake area was artificially reduced to a minimum by the human population. In the dunes, a total of seven different phases of sand drift were demonstrated for the last 13,000 years. It is one of the most precisely dated inland-dune chronologies of Central Europe. The small alluvial fan took shape mainly between the 13th and 17th centuries AD. After 1700 cal. BC (Middle Bronze Age), and again during the sixth and seventh centuries AD, we find enhanced slope activity with the formation of Holocene colluvia.

Assessment of urban flooding by dual drainage simulation model RisUrSim

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.G. Schmitt ◽  
M. Thomas ◽  
N. Ettrich
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Model Verification ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Urban Flooding ◽  
Insurance Company ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Urban Drainage Systems

The European research project in the EUREKA framework, RisUrSim is presented with its overall objective to develop an integrated planning tool to allow cost effective management for urban drainage systems. The project consortium consisted of industrial mathematics and water engineering research institutes, municipal drainage works as well as an insurance company. The paper relates to the regulatory background of European Standard EN 752 and the need of a more detailed methodology to simulate urban flooding. The analysis of urban flooding caused by surcharged sewers in urban drainage systems leads to the necessity of a dual drainage modeling. A detailed dual drainage simulation model is described based upon hydraulic flow routing procedures for surface flow and pipe flow. Special consideration is given to the interaction between surface and sewer flow during surcharge conditions in order to most accurately compute water levels above ground as a basis for further assessments of possible damage costs. The model application is presented for a small case study in terms of data needs, model verification and first simulation results.

Performance of Light Coastal Structures Under Normal and High Water Conditions

1975 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Kamphuis
Keyword(s):  
Lake Erie ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Coastal Structures ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Protection Structures

A number of lightweight coastal protection structures, built on the Lake Erie shore are discussed in this paper. There were two constraints on the design; limited funds and a very precarious downdrift beach. Thus the structures were inexpensive and the protection was low-key to prevent damage downdrift. In 1972–1974 these structures were subjected to a combination of large waves and high water levels and thus they were tested well beyond their design limits.The paper discusses the structures, their performance under normal conditions, and their performance during and after the abnormally high water levels. It is found that inexpensive, low-key structures are sufficiently strong to survive normal conditions, but fail by overtopping and flanking under conditions beyond their low design limits.

scholarly journals Free-surface flow simulations for discharge-based operation of hydraulic structure gates

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Erdbrink ◽  
V. V. Krzhizhanovskaya ◽  
P. M. A. Sloot
Keyword(s):  
Free Surface ◽  
Hydraulic Structure ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Local Flow ◽  
Gate Operation ◽  
Flow Equations ◽  
Flow Simulations

We combine non-hydrostatic flow simulations of the free surface with a discharge model based on elementary gate flow equations for decision support in the operation of hydraulic structure gates. A water level-based gate control used in most of today's general practice does not take into account the fact that gate operation scenarios producing similar total discharged volumes and similar water levels may have different local flow characteristics. Accurate and timely prediction of local flow conditions around hydraulic gates is important for several aspects of structure management: ecology, scour, flow-induced gate vibrations and waterway navigation. The modelling approach is described and tested for a multi-gate sluice structure regulating discharge from a river to the sea. The number of opened gates is varied and the discharge is stabilized with automated control by varying gate openings. The free-surface model was validated for discharge showing a correlation coefficient of 0.994 compared to experimental data. Additionally, we show the analysis of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results for evaluating bed stability and gate vibrations.

scholarly journals Active tectonics around the Mediterranean region: site studies and application of new methodologies

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Cucci ◽  
Paolo Marco De Martini ◽  
Eulalia Masana ◽  
Kris Vanneste
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Active Tectonics ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Tectonic Processes ◽  
Critical Facilities ◽  
Basic Studies ◽  
Tectonic Movements

<p>More than 25 years have passed since the definition of Active Tectonics as "tectonic movements that are expected to occur within a future time span of concern to society", formulated in a milestone book by the National Research Council on this topic (Studies in Geophysics, Active Tectonics, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. 1986), and those words have still to be considered the most suitable and exhaustive way to explain this branch of the Earth Sciences. Indeed only bridging together basic studies ("tectonic movements"), rates of occurrence ("time span") and hazard assessment ("society") can we fully evaluate ongoing tectonic activity and its associated hazards. The broad Mediterranean Sea region is a paradigmatic area from this point of view, as on one hand this region displays in a relatively limited geographic extent a great variety of tectonic processes such as plate collision, subduction, volcanic activity, large-magnitude earthquakes, active folding and faulting, vertical uplift and/or subsidence. On the other hand, all the above mentioned tectonic processes can potentially affect a total population of about 450 million, mostly concentrated in fast-growing urban areas and/or close to industrial compounds and critical facilities often located nearby hazard sources. […]</p>

scholarly journals PRE- and POST-STORM LiDAR SURVEYS FOR ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT ON COASTAL EROSION

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-3/W8 ◽  
pp. 261-266
Author(s):  
A.-L. Montreuil ◽  
M. Chen ◽  
A. Esquerré ◽  
R. Houthuys ◽  
R. Moelans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Coastline Change ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Sustainable management of the coastal resources requires a better understanding of the processes that drive coastline change. The coastline is a highly dynamic sea-terrestrial interface. It is affected by forcing factors such as water levels, waves, winds, and the highest and most severe changes occur during storm surges. Extreme storms are drivers responsible for rapid and sometimes dramatic changes of the coastline. The consequences of the impacts from these events entail a broad range of social, economic and natural resource considerations from threats to humans, infrastructure and habitats. This study investigates the impact of a severe storm on coastline response on a sandy multi-barred beach at the Belgian coast. Airborne LiDAR surveys acquired pre- and post-storm covering an area larger than 1 km<sup>2</sup> were analyzed and reproducible monitoring solutions adapted to assess beach morphological changes were applied. Results indicated that the coast retreated by a maximum of 14.7 m where the embryo dunes in front of the fixed dunes were vanished and the foredune undercut. Storm surge and wave attacks were probably the most energetic there. However, the response of the coastline proxies associated with the mean high water line (MHW) and dunetoe (DuneT) was spatially variable. Based on the extracted beach features, good correlations (r>0.73) were found between coastline, berm and inner intertidal bar morphology, while it was weak with the most seaward bars covered in the surveys. This highlights the role of the upper features on the beach to protect the coastline from storm erosion by reducing wave energy. The findings are of critical importance in improving our knowledge and forecasting of coastline response to storms, and also in its translation into management practices.</p>

scholarly journals Changes in composition of aquatic bird assemblages associated with changing in water levels in the Aquatic Terrestrial Transitional Zone of the Pantanal wetland Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e4479108555
Author(s):  
Josué Ribeiro da Silva Nunes ◽  
Carolina Joana da Silva ◽  
Solange Kimie Ikeda-Castrillon ◽  
Nilo Leal Sander
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Transitional Zone ◽  
High Water ◽  
Flood Pulse ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Aquatic Birds ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Paraguay River ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pantanal Wetland

The Pantanal wetland Mato Grosso, Brazil is among the largest floodplains in the world, with a mosaic of different habitats and rich aquatic and terrestrial biota. The habitat mosaics are found in the Chacororé and Sinhá Mariana lake System. These parental lakes of the Cuiabá River, a left tributary of the Upper Paraguay River, are known for their aquatic productivity and scenic beauty. The characteristics of these lakes and their floodplains are showed through the difference between their waters, the diversity of the aquatic macrophytes communities, fish communities and aquatic birds. Our study looked at changes in limnological variables as well as diversity of aquatic birds, during high water or flooded phase; medium water or receding phase; and the low water or dry phase. We used a temporary small lagoon in the floodplain of this system as our study area. The flood pulse is the main ecological factor affecting the Pantanal; it modifies ecological process and species composition. The water depth decreases during the season, decreasing electrical conductivity, dissolved phosphate and nitrate, water transparency, dissolved oxygen and biomass of aquatic macrophyte; and increasing calcium, total phosphorus and total nitrogen. We also observed increase in species richness and abundance of aquatic birds during the receding phase. Results show that the number of species (density) of aquatic birds increased from 10 to 30 species and the numbers of individuals from 40 to 936. The maximum richness and abundance of aquatic birds was registered during the receding phase.

scholarly journals Determination of Recent Movements of Lithosphere in Regions with Chemogenic Sediments on the Surface in the Dinarides Region

2014 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Almin Đapo ◽  
Boško Pribičević ◽  
Lidija Špiranec
Keyword(s):  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Isostatic Equilibrium ◽  
Tectonic Movements ◽  
Chemical Sediments ◽  
Carbonate Deposits ◽  
Significant Mass

Abstract In the area of carbonate or karst Dinarides, besides the dominant carbonate rocks and subordinate clastics, in more places more significant mass of chemical sediments can be found, represented by gypsum and anhydrite. As chemical sediments are specifically lighter than overlying rocks, they have been, during the long geological history, trying to achieve isostatic equilibrium, or get out on the ground surface. In recent times, in areas with chemical sediments, a larger tectonic activity is noted than in the wider environment. This is certainly reflected in increased vertical and tangential displacements along major faults in relation to the surrounding area, which are built mainly of carbonate deposits. Determining the amount of movement of diapiric bodies, as absolute and relative, using the most modern surveying methods, precisely would assist the understanding of the tectonic movements and recent structural relations in a wider area

scholarly journals The geology of the north-eastern corner of Greenland - photogeological studies and 1993 field work

1994 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 21-33
Author(s):  
H.F Jepsen ◽  
J.C Escher ◽  
J.D Friderichsen ◽  
A.K Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Field Work ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Mobile Belt ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Upper Proterozoic ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Field Season ◽  
Upper Boundary ◽  
Middle Proterozoic

Late Archaean and Early Proterozoic crust-forming events in North-East and eastern North Greenland were succeeded by Middle Proterozoic sedimentation and volcanic activity; Late Proterozoic through Tertiary sedimentation was interrupted by several periods of tectonic activity, including the Caledonian orogeny in East Greenland and the Mesozoic deformation of the Wandel Hav mobile belt. Photogeological studies helped pinpoint areas of special interest which were investigated during the short 1993 field season. Insights gained during field work include: the nature of the crystalline basement terrain in the Caledonian fold belt, redefinition of the upper boundary of the Upper Proterozoic Rivieradal sandstones, revision of Caledonian nappe terminology, and the northern extension of the Caledonian Storstrømmen shear zone.

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