scholarly journals Паразиты рыб горных озер бассейна Верхней Колымы. 1. Озера большой и малый Дарпир.

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-108
Author(s):  
V. V. Pospekhov ◽  
◽  
G. I. Atrashkevich ◽  
O. M. Orlovskaya ◽  
E. I. Mikhailova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Definitive Host ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Parasite Fauna ◽  
Mountain Lakes ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
Parasitic Copepods ◽  
Number Of Species

The first data on the parasite fauna of fish from the mountain lakes Bolshoy and Maly Darpir at the southern spurs of the Chersky Ridge (Momsky District, Yakutia) are presented. 7 species of fish have been studied, in which 34 species of parasites have been found: 33 species of helminths and 1 species of parasitic copepods, belonging to 22 genera, 16 families, 12 orders, 7 classes of 4 types of the animal kingdom. Trematodes completely dominate by the number of species among helminths (16 species); cestodes are half as many (8 species); these are followed by nematodes and spiny-headed worms (5 and 4 species, respectively). The greatest variety of parasites was found in the East Siberian grayling (22 species) and the Arctic char (19 species). Next to the latter in terms of the number of parasite species, there went the Kolyma sculpin (13 species), round whitefish (10 species each), sucker (9 species), eelpout, and common minnow (7 species each). Only one parasite species, the Neoechinorhynchus salmonis Ching, 1984 spiny-headed worm, is common for all studied fish. The second species of spiny-headed worms, Pseudoechinorhynchus borealis (Linstow, 1901), not found only in the round whitefish, was first recorded in fish of the Okhotsk-Kolyma area and in the sucker as a new definitive host.

Speciation of cestoda. Evidence for two sibling species in the complex Bothrimonus nylandicus (Schneider 1902) (Cestoda: Cyathocephalidea)

Parasitology ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Renaud ◽  
C. Gabrion
Keyword(s):  
Sibling Species ◽  
Definitive Host ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Congeneric Species ◽  
Biochemical Genetic ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Biological Differences

SUMMARYUsing biochemical genetic methods, we have distinguished 2 sibling species in the complex Bothrimonus nylandicus (Schneider, 1902), which infest 2 congeneric species of sole (Solea lascaris and Solea impar) on European coasts (Atlantic and Mediterranean). Neither of the parasite species is specific for either of the sole species, but one of them is present all year round, whereas the other is absent in the autumn and winter and only appears in the spring, subsequently disappearing at the end of the summer. Only S. impar lives in the Mediterranean, and is equally infested by both cestodes, whereas both species occur in the Atlantic and each of them is preferentially infested by 1 species of cestode. The shortness of the adult stage of the parasite in the definitive host and the presence of 2 life-cycles associated with competition between the 2 hosts in the Atlantic could be responsible for the biological differences observed and for maintaining the sibling species in sympatry.

scholarly journals Inventory and comparison of abundance of parasitic copepods on fish hosts in the western Wadden Sea (North Sea) between 1968 and 2010

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouter Koch ◽  
Peter Boer ◽  
Johannes IJ. Witte ◽  
Henk W. Van der Veer ◽  
David W. Thieltges
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Wadden Sea ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Parasite Fauna ◽  
Fixed Number ◽  
Fish Host ◽  
Host Size ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Parasitic Copepods ◽  
Fish Hosts

A conspicuous part of the parasite fauna of marine fish are ectoparasites, which attach mainly to the fins or gills. The abundant copepods have received much interest due to their negative effects on hosts. However, for many localities the copepod fauna of fish is still poorly known, and we know little about their temporal stability as long-term observations are largely absent. Our study provides the first inventory of ectoparasitic copepods on fish from the western Wadden Sea (North Sea) based on field data from 1968 and 2010 and additional unpublished notes. In total, 47 copepod parasite species have been recorded on 52 fish host species to date. For two copepod species parasitizing the European flounder (Platichthys flesus), a quantitative comparison of infection levels between 1968 and 2010 was possible. Whereas Acanthochondria cornuta did not show a change in the relationship between host size and infection levels, Lepeophtheirus pectoralis shifted towards the infection of smaller hosts, with higher infection levels in 2010 compared to 1968. These differences probably reflect the biology of the species and the observed decrease in abundance and size of flounders during the last decades. The skin-infecting L. pectoralis can probably compensate for dwindling host abundance by infecting smaller fish and increasing its abundance per given host size. In contrast, the gill cavity inhabiting A. cornuta probably faces a spatial constraint (fixed number of gill arches), thus limiting its abundance and setting a minimum for the host size necessary for infections.

Summer stream habitat preferences of Nunavik anadromous Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) fry and parr

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique Dubos ◽  
André St-Hilaire ◽  
Normand E Bergeron
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Stream Habitat ◽  
Physical Habitat ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Slow Velocity

Arctic char is a fish species known to occupy diverse habitats within the Arctic region. However, summer habitat use during the juvenile stage of the anadromous form is largely unknown. The present study aims to characterize fry and parr summer habitat preferences. Surveys were conducted by electrofishing, associated with physical habitat characterization on several rivers of the Ungava Bay, Nunavik, Canada. At the microhabitat and station scales, fry showed significant habitat preferences for shallow water and slow velocity. At the mesohabitat scale, fry showed a significant habitat selectivity for riffles. This habitat selectivity implies that habitat models can be built to evaluate the potential of habitat suitability for Arctic char fry. However, no significant habitat selectivity was found for parr. Parr size was nonetheless positively correlated with velocity, which was found to be a limitative factor for juvenile habitat use. This first attempt at modeling juvenile anadromous Arctic char habitat in rivers emphasizes the importance of selecting an appropriate spatial scale and reiterates the fact that parr showed relatively high plasticity in stream habitat selection.

Is there a cost of parasites to caribou?

Parasitology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. HUGHES ◽  
S. D. ALBON ◽  
R. J. IRVINE ◽  
S. WOODIN
Keyword(s):  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Apparent Competition ◽  
Range Shift ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Contributory Factor ◽  
Ovibos Moschatus ◽  
Winter Range ◽  
Nematode Parasites

SUMMARYMacroparasites potentially play a significant but often ignored role in the ecology and dynamics of wild ruminant populations. In the Arctic, parasites may impact on host populations by exacerbating the effects of seasonal and limited forage availability on the condition, fecundity and survival of individuals. We studied the effects of abomasal nematode parasites and warble flies, Hypoderma tarandi, on condition and pregnancy of caribou Rangifer tarandus in the Dolphin-Union herd, Nunavut, Canada. By the end of winter, female caribou over 2 years old showed a significant decrease in body weight with increasing nematode burden, and a decrease in back fat depth with increasing warble abundance. These effects were exaggerated in the non-pregnant fraction of the population. High warble larvae burdens were also associated with significantly reduced probability of being pregnant. Our research demonstrates a negative relationship between parasites and caribou condition that may have consequences for their fitness. Additionally, we discuss the possibility that muskox Ovibos moschatus share some parasite species with the caribou and could lead to elevated burdens in the sympatric host. Parasites may have been a contributory factor in a previous winter range-shift of the caribou herd and this may reflect a form of apparent competition between the two ungulate species.

scholarly journals First record of Schulmanela petruschewskii Shulman, 1948 (Nematoda: Capillariidae) from cultured Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Turkey

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-275
Author(s):  
Z. Pekmezci ◽  
S. Umur
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
New Record ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Liver Parenchyma ◽  
First Record ◽  
Parasite Fauna ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
First Time ◽  
North Latitude

AbstractThe nematode Schulmanela petruschewskii (Shulman, 1948) was identified during the parasitological examination on the liver parenchyma in one specimens of a cultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) which reared in Derbent Dam Lake in Samsun, Turkey (41°25′6′’ North latitude, 35°49′52′’ East longitude) in August 2008. This parasite species was not previously reported from Turkey. With the present study we report S. petruschewskii for the first time in Turkey. This specimen which is a parasite of cultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is a new record for the Turkish parasite fauna. Original measurements and figures are presented.

Gastrointestinal helminth parasites of the common wallaroo or euro, Osphranter robustus (Gould) (Marsupialia: Macropodidae) from Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Beveridge
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Species ◽  
Parasite Fauna ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminth ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Common ◽  
Specific Species

Abstract The gastrointestinal helminth parasites of 170 common wallaroos or euros, Osphranter robustus (Gould), collected from all mainland states in which the species occurs as well as the Northern Territory, are presented, including previously published data. A total of 65 species of helminths were encountered, including four species of anoplocephalid cestodes found in the bile ducts and small intestine, and 61 species of strongylid nematodes, all but two of which occurring in the stomach, and with the remainder occurring in the terminal ileum, caecum and colon. Among the mainland subspecies of O. robustus, 52 species of helminths were encountered in O. r. robustus, compared with 30 species in O. r. woodwardi and 35 species in O. r. erubescens. Of the parasite species encountered, only 17 were specific to O. robustus, the remaining being shared with sympatric host species. Host-specific species or species occurring in O. robustus at a high prevalence can be classified as follows: widely distributed; restricted to northern Australia; restricted to the northern wallaroo, O. r. woodwardi; found only in the euro, O. r. erubescens; found essentially along the eastern coast of Australia, primarily in O. r. robustus; and species with highly limited regional distributions. The data currently available suggest that the acquisition of a significant number of parasites is due to co-grazing with other macropodids, while subspeciation in wallaroos as well as climatic variables may have influenced the diversification of the parasite fauna.

scholarly journals Do the fastest sperm within an ejaculate swim faster in subordinate than in dominant males of Arctic char?

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (7) ◽  
pp. 1019-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Vaz Serrano ◽  
Ivar Folstad ◽  
Geir Rudolfsen ◽  
Lars Figenschou
Keyword(s):  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Social Dominance ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Sperm Cells ◽  
Sperm Velocity ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Sperm Swimming Speed

Theoretical models predict that subordinate males should have higher sperm velocity to compensate for their disadvantaged mating role and because they experience sperm competition more frequently than dominant males. Differences in mean velocity between sperm of dominants and subordinates in the predicted direction are also documented for a few species, including the Arctic char, Salvelinus alpinus (L., 1758). Yet, this difference in mean velocity does not imply that the fastest sperm within an ejaculate, which are those most likely to fertilize eggs, swim faster in subordinates than in dominants. We studied the 5% and 10% fastest sperm cells in ejaculates of dominant and subordinate Arctic char. Before individuals attained their status, there were no differences in velocity between the fastest sperm of males that later became dominant or subordinate. Yet, after establishment of social position, subordinates showed significantly higher sperm swimming speed of the fastest cells in the first 30 s post activation (i.e., at 15, 20, and 30 s post activation). Males that became subordinates showed no change in sperm speed of the fast cells compared with those at pre-trial levels, whereas males that became dominant reduced the speed of their sperm (15 s post activation) compared with those at pre-trial levels. Our results suggest that males which attain social dominance are unable to maintain high sperm velocity, even among the small fraction of the fastest cells.

Parasite diversity and microsatellite variability in native and introduced populations of four Neogobius species (Gobiidae)

Parasitology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 139 (11) ◽  
pp. 1493-1505 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. ONDRAČKOVÁ ◽  
A. ŠIMKOVÁ ◽  
K. CIVÁŇOVÁ ◽  
M. VYSKOČILOVÁ ◽  
P. JURAJDA
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
River System ◽  
Parasite Fauna ◽  
Source Population ◽  
Parasite Diversity ◽  
Parasite Species Richness ◽  
Introduced Populations ◽  
Microsatellite Diversity

SUMMARYSpecies introduced into new areas often show a reduction in parasite and genetic diversity associated to the limited number of founding individuals. In this study, we compared microsatellite and parasite diversity in both native (lower Danube) and introduced populations of 4 Ponto-Caspian gobies, including those (1) introduced from within the same river system (middle Danube; Neogobius kessleri and N. melanostomus), and (2) introduced from a different river system (River Vistula; N. fluviatilis and N. gymnotrachelus). Microsatellite data confirmed the lower Danube as a source population for gobies introduced into the middle Danube. Both native and introduced (same river system) populations of N. kessleri and N. melanostomus had comparable parasite species richness and microsatellite diversity, possibly due to multiple and/or continual migration/introduction of new individuals and the acquisition of local parasites. Reduced parasite species richness and microsatellite diversity were observed in introduced (different river system) populations in the Vistula. A low number of colonists found for N. fluviatilis and N. gymnotrachelus in the Vistula potentially resulted in reduced introduction of parasite species. Insufficient adaptation of the introduced host to local parasite fauna, together with introduction into an historically different drainage system, may also have contributed to the reduced parasite fauna.

Effect of temperature on the P4501A response in winter- and summer-acclimated Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) after oral benzo[a]pyrene exposure

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 1370-1375
Author(s):  
Even H Jørgensen ◽  
Johannes Wolkers
Keyword(s):  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Hydrocarbon Contamination ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Biomarker Response ◽  
P450 Enzyme ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

In this study, the time-dependent P450 response to oral benzo[a]pyrene exposure at 1 and 10°C was investigated in winter- and summer-acclimated Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus). In both seasons, a strong induction of CYP1A activities and protein levels (measured only in the winter experiment) were seen at both 1 and 10°C. At 1°C, the responses were delayed and more long-lasting than at 10°C. No within-season difference between 1 and 10°C in the magnitude of the induction response was found, but due to elevated baseline CYP1A activities, the induction response was seven times lower in winter- as compared with the response in summer-acclimated Arctic char. The results show that the CYP1A enzymes of the Arctic char respond to temperature changes in a compensatory way, and they are promising with respect to the applicability of the P450 enzyme system of the Arctic char as a biomarker for monitoring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination in high-latitude environments. More studies are needed, however, to reveal seasonal differences in the biomarker response to pollutants.

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