scholarly journals Topical issues of improving the competence of local governments in the field of urban planning in the context of municipal reform

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 118-124
Author(s):  
Oleh Kurchin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Legal Standards ◽  
Municipal Reform

The article is devoted to the study of topical issues of improving the competence of local governments in the field of urban planning activities in the context of municipal reform. It is argued that the implementation of the European legal standards of urban planning activities of local self-government should be dialectically combined with the general adaptation of Ukrainian land, urban planning, architectural legislation to universal and European principles and norms, in particular with respect to the proper standardization of state architectural and construction control with the transfer of most of the relevant powers to level of executive bodies of local self-government. Thus, European legal standards of urban planning of local governments are framework, creating a certain conceptual standardized model of representative and executive local institutions as urban entities, which is filled with standardized, objectified and filled with specific functions and powers at the national level through the adoption of special institutions, legislative acts. At the same time, the optimal in the current conditions of constitutional decentralization form of implementation of European legal standards of urban planning of local governments is the transformation of the basic principles of sustainable urban development, embodied in universal and regional (European) sources of recommendation. It is emphasized that local self-government today is an integral part of the implementation and livelihood of the population, acting within a single policy of public authorities of each country. In today's world, local self-government is also the basis for the development of democracy, the formation of a common interest and responsibility of residents in the development and resolution of issues at the local level, including urban planning as one of the most important key issues of local importance. At the present stage, the role of international (universal and regional) legal standards for the regulation of urban planning is constantly growing, which requires the development of appropriate ways to implement such standards in the national legal system. It is argued that integrated urban development policies can help to improve these factors, for example, through the cooperation of all participants, support for the creation of network models and the optimization of local structures. The policy of integrated urban development promotes social and intercultural dialogue.

scholarly journals One metropolis, two scenarios. Sustainable urban development contraddictions in the metropolitan area of Lima

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Torres ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Collaborative Governance ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Trade Offs

Despite the new urban planning thinking and legislation evolution since 2016 towards sustainable development, in practice, there is a limited legal framework for planning which makes it more challenging for local governments. As a result, two main scenarios have taken place in the Metropolitan Area of Lima: the unsustainable urban growth at the metropolitan level, and sustainable urban development building at the local level. In an attempt to contextualize the current state of Lima’s territorial planning, the research captures the nature and trajectory of this contradiction to conduct the various trade-offs inherent in sustainable urban development. The results show that urban planning unawareness, and fragmented governance without continuity across government periods, have led to distrust at the metropolitan level diminishing its urban development towards social and environmentally sustainable development. However, integrated planning and collaborative governance with stakeholders enabled the strengthening of resilience with risk mitigation in informal urban settlements at the local level. The research concludes that new transformations call for new behaviors. Consequently, appropriate collaborative governance becomes a collective power for sustainable urban development growth.

scholarly journals Drivers and Benefits of Integrating Climate Adaptation Measures into Urban Development: Experience from Coastal Cities of Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 750
Author(s):  
Nurrohman Wijaya ◽  
Vilas Nitivattananon ◽  
Rajendra Prasad Shrestha ◽  
Sohee Minsun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Coastal Cities

Integrating climate adaptation measures into urban development has emerged as a holistic approach to minimize climate change impacts and to enhance urban resilience. Although there has been an initial implementation of the integrated strategy at the national level, the progress of its adoption at the local level is relatively less studied. The study aims to examine the integration development of climate adaptation measures into urban development strategies by looking at its drivers and benefits in two coastal cities of Indonesia, i.e., Semarang and Bandar Lampung. Both cities have experienced climate change impacts and the preliminary effort of the integration process. The study was depended on close-ended Likert-scale questions with key actors representing local authorities and relevant stakeholders. Then, a Weighted Average Index was applied to transform their perceptions. The assessment of their knowledge of related issues was conducted. Secondary data was obtained from a desk study. The study found out that the effort of the integration process had influenced stakeholder’s understanding of the issue of climate change and urban development, as well as its relationship. The level of stakeholder’s knowledge related to the issue was very high. The result also revealed that the most influencing driver of the integration process is related to the motivation and initiative of municipal officers. It significantly contributed local governments to adopt its integration strategy. There was a strong consensus regarding the benefits of the integration process. They believed that it could ensure sustainable urban development in the future. This empirical study distinguishes the significance of integration development based on the local perspective for the approach improvement. The results could be applied to encourage other local municipalities in other emerging coastal cities.

Integrating Slum Upgrading and Vulnerability Reduction in Mozambique

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-115
Author(s):  
Mathias Spaliviero
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Peace Agreement ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Vulnerability Reduction ◽  
Extreme Flood ◽  
Slum Upgrading

Due to its location, Mozambique suffers from cyclical flooding associated with heavy rains and cyclones. In recent years, extreme flood events affected millions of people, disrupting the economic recovery process that followed the peace agreement in 1992. Despite this natural threat, most of the population continues to live in flood prone areas both in rural environment, due to the dependency on agricultural activities, and in urban environment, since unsafe zones are often the only affordable option for new settlers. This paper presents a brief analytical review on different issues related with urban informal settlements, or slums, based on different project activities developed by the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT) in Mozambique. The aim is to identify applicable strategies to reduce vulnerability in urban slums, where approximately 70 percent of the urban population live. The implemented project activities target different organisational levels in an integrated manner, seeking for active involvement of the Government, local authorities and communities at each implementation stage, from decision-making to practical implementation. They consist of three main components: 1) supporting policy-making in order to ensure sustainable urban development, 2) delivering a comprehensive training and capacity building based on the mainstreaming concept of “Learning How to Live with Floods” as valid alternative to resettlement, and 3) facilitating participatory land use planning coupled with physical upgrading interventions at the local level. In the long-term, the intention of UN-HABITAT is to progressively focus on community-based slum upgrading and vulnerability reduction activities, coordinated by local authorities and actively monitored by central institutions, in improving and managing basic services and infrastructures (i.e. water supply, drainage, sanitation, waste management, road network, etc). This type of bottom-up experiences should then represent a basis for setting up a slum upgrading intervention strategy to be applied at the national level.

scholarly journals Large-Scale and Refined Green Space Identification-Based Sustainable Urban Renewal Mode Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Rong Guo ◽  
Xiaoya Song ◽  
Peiran Li ◽  
Guangming Wu ◽  
Zhiling Guo
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Environmental Index ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Transportation Accessibility ◽  
Urban Function ◽  
Green Model

Urban sustainable renewal has received extensive attention in a wide range of fields, including urban planning, urban management, energy management, and transportation. Given that environmental resource conservation is critical to urban sustainability renewal, this study highlighted the imbalance among green space, urban development, and transportation accessibility. Here, a novel node-place-green model is presented to measure sustainable urban development; meanwhile, deep learning is utilized to identify and extract the green space to measure the environmental index. Based on the generated node, place, and green value, urban developing status could be classified into nine modes for further analysis of transportation, urban function, and ecological construction. The experimental results of Harbin reveal the feasibility of the proposed method in providing specific guidelines for urban planning and policies on sustainable development.

URBAN PLANNING WITH THE GOALS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Elvira Gromilina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Mixed Use ◽  
Environmental Goals

The problem of urban planning in the context of globalization and the intensification of urban growth is considered in the context of sustainable development. Under UN-Habitat regulations, urban development must be in line with five principles: compactness, high density, mixed use, variety, limited land-use specialization. Compact urban development is a model for sustainable urban development, based on the synergy of three main dimensions: social, economic and environmental. In contrast to the approach to territorial zoning, the compact city model pays attention not only to the development of mixed land use, but also to social needs in places of employment, leisure, recreation, as well as the need for economic resources. In order to identify strategies for designing a sustainable architectural and planning structure, theoretical approaches to the practice of urban planning are investigated. Implementation of the provisions of UN-Habitat is aimed at reducing energy consumption and harmful emissions, preserving biodiversity, reducing the cost of infrastructure and increasing labor productivity, which helps to achieve a balance of social, economic and environmental goals of sustainable development.

Evolution of cities in Borneo: a kaleidoscope of urban landscapes for planning future resilient cities

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Kozlowski ◽  
Rahinah Ibrahim ◽  
Khairul Hazmi Zaini
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Central State ◽  
Unique Region ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
State And Local

PurposeThis study aims to examine the trajectory of the urban growth of Borneo by portraying its resilient settlements in the pre-colonial times, tropical sensitive colonial architecture, the built environment of the post–independence period and finally the contemporary city image. This is followed by a comparative study of its major urban centres and determining how globalisation and neoliberalism impact the traditional urban settlements of this island and poses a threat to its rich biodiversity.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses case study research methodology involving selected cities on the Island of Borneo including Kota Kinabalu, Sandakan, Miri and Kuching (Sabah and Sarawak, Malaysia), Bandar Seri Begawan (Brunei), and major cities of the state of Kalimantan, Indonesia. Data collection includes a literature review, content analysis, field assessment and observations. The major research objectives would address past and current issues in the selected urban environment of Borneo. They address the historical evolution of major cities of Borneo, current urban development trends, the deterioration of the traditional urban fabric as a result of post–independence development and later globalisation.FindingsThis study found that the rich cultural tradition and climate-responsive architecture from the past have been discontinued to pave way for fast track and often speculative development. The results contribute in the convergence of existing shortcomings of cities from three nations on Borneo Island in guiding future sustainable urban planning agenda for achieving a resilient city status while reinstating the character and the sense of place. The study expects the recommendations to become prerequisites for future urban planning in sensitive tropical regions.Originality/valueThis research identified a new “Borneo approach” to urban development. The study strongly recommends top priorities for the central, state and local governments of Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia allowing the planners and decision-makers to establish a new tropical urban planning initiative with the ample design practice for this unique region in Southeast Asia. The results of this study can serve as the guiding principles for other urban environments in fragile and sensitive tropical regions.

scholarly journals Seducing for Truth and Justice: Civil Society Initiatives for the 1965 Mass Violence in Indonesia

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Lestari Wahyuningroem
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Mass Violence ◽  
The World

The article examines both civil society initiatives that seek to address the mass violence of 1965 and 1966 and the state's responses to them. Unlike other political-transition contexts in the world, a transitional justice approach is apparently a formula that state authorities have found difficult to implement nationally for this particular case. The central government has, through its institutions, sporadically responded to some of the calls from civil society groups and has even initiated policy reforms to support such initiatives. Nevertheless, these responses were not sustained and any suggested programmes have always failed to be completed or implemented. Simultaneously, however, NGOs and victims are also voicing their demands at the local level. Many of their initiatives involve not only communities but also local authorities, including in some cases the local governments. In some aspects, these “bottom-up” approaches are more successful than attempts to create change at the national level. Such approaches challenge what Kieran McEvoy refers to as an innate “seductive” quality of transitional justice, but at the same time these approaches do, in fact, aim to “seduce” the state to adopt measures for truth and justice.

Policy analysis and evidence-based decision making at the local level

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Mossberger ◽  
David Swindell ◽  
Nicholet Deschine Parkhurst ◽  
Kuang-Ting Tai
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Municipal Reform ◽  
Reinventing Government ◽  
Local Use

Local governments in the U.S. have many policy responsibilities and relatively more autonomy in decision making than in many countries. Yet, there is a gap in recent research on the use of policy analysis and data-driven decision making in local governments. Historically, the use of data and evidence has influenced change at the local level, from municipal reform in the 20th century to reinventing government. Currently, there are calls for more evidence-based policymaking, and we offer some recent survey evidence on the use of policy analysis and data at the local level, as well as case studies that further demonstrate how evidence gets used. Given great variation in government size, capacity, governance and policies at the local level, along with the potential for experimentation and comparison, greater research attention to local use of analysis and data could contribute to both scholarship and practice.

scholarly journals Evaluating Comparative Research: Mapping and Assessing Current Trends in Built Heritage Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nir Mualam ◽  
Nir Barak
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
National Level ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
Heritage Studies ◽  
Anglo American

The question leading this research is: what are the attributes and scales of comparative research that applies to built heritage studies? The paper begins by recognizing the interrelatedness of built heritage protection and sustainable urban development. While comparative research into built heritage studies analyses and documents existing practices, policies and impacts, its generalizable capacities are often lacking and therefore less applicable to policy-makers. In an attempt to further the potential contribution of such studies, the paper maps comparative built heritage research based on a critical review of over 100 articles and books. The analysis of these sources relies on an evaluative categorization of comparative built heritage studies. This categorization consists of four criteria: the number of compared cases, their geographic location, the scope of comparison and its degree of structuredness. The findings suggest that heritage studies compare a relatively small number of cases; they are quite structured; focus on local as well as national-level analysis; and lean towards Western-centered comparisons. The paper concludes by suggesting that built heritage studies can contribute to sustainable urban development policies by taking on comparative research that has a large enough N, expanding non-Eurocentric and Anglo-American research, comparing local jurisdictions in more than one country and by utilizing highly structured categories for comparison.

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