scholarly journals Assessment of Antibiotics and Fluoride Toothpastes against Pathogenic Bacteria associated with Dental Caries

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Vibrio Spp

Dental caries is the most contagious disease throughout the world. In the present study, a total of 100 dental caries patients were selected and samples from these patients were collected through sterile pincers for microbiological examination. A total of 9 different pathogenic bacterial isolates were identified through conventional culturing technique and among them maximum number of occurrence was by Salmonella spp (26.13%), followed by E. coli (17.39%), Proteus spp (17.39%), Shigella spp (8.69%), Pseudomonas spp (8.69%), Vibrio spp (8.69%), Enterobacter spp (4.34%), Yersinia spp (4.34%) and S. mutans (4.34%). Furthermore, antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed by 9 different commercially available antibiotics i.e. vancomycin, erythromycin, clindamycin, amoxicillin, tetracycline, rifampicin, ampicillin, ticarcillin and metronidazole/silver sulphadizine. Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method was used against test organisms and it was observed that all these antibiotics expressed significant activity against greater part of test organisms but few of them showed resistance to metronidazole/silver sulphadizine. In addition to this, different toothpastes encoded as TP-1, TP-2, TP-3, TP-4 and TP-5 were used at a concentration of 20 mg/mL in order to evaluate their activity against test organisms and it was observed that all these toothpastes showed significant activity against isolated bacteria. It was concluded that all these toothpastes contained fluoride which supports to avoid tooth decay and promote minty fresh breath. Furthermore, it was recommended that avoid usage of too much sweets, chocolates, candies especially in children/adults, and there must be a proper use of toothpastes twice a day at every stage of life. Keywords: Dental Caries, Pathogenic Bacteria, Antibiotics, Fluoride Toothpastes

scholarly journals Antibacterial Potential of the Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Stachytarpheta Indica

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Christian Godwin Akuodor ◽  
Monday Pius Udia ◽  
Charles Emeka Udenze ◽  
John Onyemaechi Ogbonna
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Objective: There is increasing need for potent antimicrobial agents to tackle the problem of diseases in man. In view of this, the activities of methanol stem bark extract of Stachytarpheta indica was evaluated against some disease causing microorganisms. Method: The activity of the extract against S. aureus, P.aeruginosa, E. coli, S. typhi and Shigella spp was determined using agar diffusion technique. Results: The methanol stem bark extract demonstrated significant activity against the test organisms. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of the stem bark extract ranged from 12-60 μg/ml. Conclusion: Further isolation of active compound responsible for the antibacterial activity could be the potential sources of new antibacterial agents. Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-4 (2013), Pages 5-10 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v4i4.8248 

Multidrug resistant Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli from a popular Ready-to-Eat local food (Fufu) from commercial food vendors in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courage Kosi Setsoafia Saba ◽  
Akosua Bonsu Karikar ◽  
Enoch Yeleliere ◽  
Patrick Takyi ◽  
Stephen Wilson Kpordze
Keyword(s):  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles

Microbial contamination of vended foods are of public health importance due to the potential of becoming a reservoir of foodborne pathogens and resistant strains of bacteria. This study looked at the presence of pathogenic bacteria in a popular Ready-To-Eat (RTE) traditional food, Fufu in Ghana. Sixty (60) Fufu samples were obtained from various food joints categorized as Opened, Semi-closed and Closed or Restaurants. Samples were processed and analyzed using standard bacteriological methods. The susceptibility profiles of the isolates were obtained by using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method with the EUCAST guidelines with the five antibiotics. Prevalence of E. coli was 85% and Salmonella species was 68%. Microbial count of isolated E. coli ranged from 0 to 3×106 cfu/ml. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) among the different modes of operations. Fufu samples from Opened, Semi-closed and Closed joints were respectively contaminated with E. coli and Salmonella species as follows: 92%, 76%; 80%, 60% and 80%, 65%. The Salmonella species showed highest resistance to erythromycin (58.5%) and E. coli species were commonly resistant to Ceftazidime (88.2%) and Ceftriaxone (94.1%). All isolates were susceptible to nitrofurantoin. Multidrug resistance was detected among 27.5% of E. coli strains and 14.6% of Salmonella species. Fufu from the different eating joints in the Tamale Metropolis were substantially contaminated with multidrug resistant pathogens. The study recommends surveillance studies of resistant pathogens in foods, increased education and training of food vendors on sanitation, food handling and safety practices in the region.

scholarly journals Microbiological quality assessment for drug resistant pathogenic microorganisms from the fresh vended fruit juices

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurunnahar Akter Lucky ◽  
Ifra Tun Nur ◽  
Tasnia Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Fruit Juices ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Juice Processing ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Vibrio Spp

Fruit juices are very popular due to their freshness and taste. These juices contain all the nutritive values those were present in whole fruits. Fresh juices are healthful drink for people of all ages. But the condition is quite opposite if they become contaminated with pathogenic bacteria during the juice processing. Because of the nutritive properties juice can give enough opportunities to the microorganisms to survive and multiply. In our current study we included eight types of fresh juices to study the microbial load. All the samples were heavily contaminated. Total bacterial and fungal count was found to be up to 3.0×107 cfu/ml and 2.6×106 cfu/ml, respectively. Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. was present only in one sample. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas spp. were the most prominent in all of the eight samples. Vibrio spp. was found in six samples ranging from 2.0×102 cfu/ml to 2.9×104 cfu/ml. All the pathogenic isolates showed drug resistance towards the most commonly prescribed antibiotics indicating the risk of difficulty in eradicating diseases.Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.6(1) 2016: 7-10

scholarly journals Prevalence of Pathogenic Bacteria in Shrimp Samples Collected from Hatchery, Local Markets and the Shrimp Processing Plant

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Majibur Rahman ◽  
Farjana Rahman ◽  
Farzana Afroze ◽  
Farzana Yesmin ◽  
Kazi Kaniz Fatema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Local Markets ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Export Quality ◽  
Klebsiella Spp ◽  
Vibrio Spp

Export quality frozen shrimps comprise as one of the major economic interests in Bangladesh. During cultivation or processing and packaging, microbial condition is an important issue to maintain the quality of shrimps. Eight shrimp samples, of which, one from hatchery, 3 from local markets and 4 processed export quality samples were studied for microbiological risk assessment (MRA). One hatchery, three market and two export quality shrimp samples were found to contain bacterial pathogens probationary identified as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Vibrio spp., Aeromonas spp., Pseudomonas spp., Listeria spp., Shigella-like organisms, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella spp. and two other processed export quality shrimp samples were completely free of pathogens of any type. Surprisingly, the later two processed export quality shrimp samples showed antibacterial activity against E. coli, Klebsiella sp. and Vibrio sp.Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 29, Number 1, June 2012, pp 7-10

scholarly journals Study of Microbiological Quality of Fresh Juices Vended in Dhaka City

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
Kayseri Afroz ◽  
Tahmina Shammi ◽  
Md Shahidul Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Vibrio Spp

Fresh juices sold by the street vendors are rich in nutritional value and considered as popular drink in Dhaka city .They can be easily contaminated by pathogenic bacteria from unhygienic environment of food preparation area and serves as a potential source of food borne outbreaks. Freshly produced juices of papaya (n = 2), wood apple (n = 2), wood apple and papaya juice (1), lemon (n = 2), and sugarcane (n = 3) were examined for the total bacterial mload, coliforms, Staphylococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Vibrio spp., Salmonella spp., and Shigella spp. in this study. Total bacterial load in eight samples were within 0 to 107 cfu/ml, six samples exhibited the presence of staphylococci within the range of 0 to 105 cfu/ml. Total coliforms were detected in six samples which ranged from 104 to 105 cfu/ ml. Vibrio spp., Salmonella spp., and Shigella spp. were isolated by enrichment and selective plating method. Eight samples demonstrated the presence of Vibrio spp. and none of them were positive for Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. Antibiotic sensitivity patterns were determined against eight isolates using Erythromycin (15μg), Amoxicillin (10 μg), Gentamicin (10 μg), Vancomycin (30 μg), Ciprofloxacin (5 μg), Rifampicin (5 μg), Azithromycin (15 μg), Neomycin (10 μg) and Cefexime (5 μg). Klebsiella sp. (n = 1), Vibrio sp. (n = 2), Enterobacter sp. (n = 1), and Proteus sp. (n = 1) showed multi drug resistance in this study. Contamination of street vended juices pose risks to consumers health and requires adequate attention of appropriate authority. Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 36 Number 1 June 2019, pp 49-53

scholarly journals Bacteriological quality of cage-cultured abalone Haliotis asinina

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-159
Author(s):  
Jhonamie A. Mabuhay-Omar ◽  
Genese Divine B. Cayabo ◽  
Lota A. Creencia
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Standard Limit ◽  
Normal Standard ◽  
Vibrio Spp ◽  
Foodborne Infections

Abalone is one of the most highly priced seafood delicacies and prepared in various dishes like breaded, soup, steamed and sashimi. They are susceptible to microbial contamination since it is eaten raw sometimes and pathogenic microorganisms can be hazardous to consumers. The present study was carried out to determine the coliform load and the presence of presumptive pathogenic bacteria in cage-cultured abalone in Taytay, Palawan, Philippines. The study was limited to the detection of coliform and some presumptive pathogenic bacteria in different parts of abalone such as gut, gills and mantle. The result of the study revealed that the count of coliforms present in the mantle and gills of abalone falls within the normal standard limit (7 – 21 MPN 100g-1 sample). On the other hand, the gut of abalone was beyond the standard limit (460 MPN 100g-1 sample). Moreover, the gut of abalone harbors Vibrio spp., Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. and general enteric bacteria. Foodborne infections caused by Vibrio, Salmonella and Shigella are common in Asia.

scholarly journals Post harvest bacterial load in the gut of Ompok pabda (Hamilton, 1822) from two fish markets of Brahmanbaria

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-251
Author(s):  
Tanjila Akter ◽  
Gawsia Wahidunnessa Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Cultured Fish ◽  
Shigella Spp

This study was conducted to enumerate the post harvest bacterial load in the gut of captured and cultured Ompok pabda by spread plate method using different selective culture media. The bateriological parameters, such as total viable bacterial counts (TVBC), total coliform counts (TCC), total fecal coliform counts (E. coli), pathogenic bacteria Salmonella spp, Shigella spp. and Vibrio cholerae were determined. Highest bacterial load was found in the month of July and lowest in January. The quantitative and qualitative aspects of gut microbes showed that TVBC of captured O. pabda were found 9.2 × 106, 7.0 × 107, 9.5 × 106 cfu/g and that of cultured fish were 1.56 × 107, 7.2 × 107 and 2.24 × 107 cfu/g during pre-monsoon, monsooon and post-monsoon, respectively. The bacteriological quality of fish from both captured and cultured sources did not comply with ICMSF standard. Pathogenic bacteria E. coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp. and Vibrio cholerae were also detected from both captured and cultured O. pabda. The findings of this study indicated that the fish collected from the local fish markets were contaminated with different pathogenic bacteria that reflect the unhygienic conditions of the markets. Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(2): 243-251, 2019

scholarly journals Study of the in vitro Anti-bacterial Susceptibility of the Commercially Available Antibiotics in Suspension or Solution Forms Collected within Dhaka Metropolis

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
Asma Akter Bhuiyan ◽  
Mehran Mosharraff Hossain Niloy ◽  
Anamika Chakrabarty ◽  
Syeda Muntaka Maniha ◽  
Rashed Noor
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Solution ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Antibacterial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
The City

Consumption of a range of antibiotics upon bacterial infections is a common chemotherapeutic practice. Current study attempted to detect the in vitro anti-bacterial activities of such finished medicaments against some of the selected bacterial strains in order to examine their sustainable effectiveness against microorganisms. A total of six categories of samples were randomly collected from different pharmacies within the city of Dhaka. The antibacterial susceptibility tests were conducted employing the Kirby-Bauer (agar well diffusion) method. The test bacterial strains used in this study were Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and P. putida and P. fluorescence. While E. coli was found to be sensitive towards all the antibiotics used, others showed resistance to a significant extent. flucloxacillin, cephradine and salbutamol were noticed to be completely inactive against Pseudomonas species. Besides, the salbutamol was found only to suppress the growth of E. coli but the other five test organisms were completely resistant against this antibiotic solution. Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 36 Number 2 December 2019, pp 79-83

scholarly journals Preharvest Transmission Routes of Fresh Produce Associated Bacterial Pathogens with Outbreak Potentials: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (22) ◽  
pp. 4407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chidozie Declan Iwu ◽  
Anthony Ifeanyi Okoh
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Fresh Produce ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

Disease outbreaks caused by the ingestion of contaminated vegetables and fruits pose a significant problem to human health. The sources of contamination of these food products at the preharvest level of agricultural production, most importantly, agricultural soil and irrigation water, serve as potential reservoirs of some clinically significant foodborne pathogenic bacteria. These clinically important bacteria include: Klebsiella spp., Salmonella spp., Citrobacter spp., Shigella spp., Enterobacter spp., Listeria monocytogenes and pathogenic E. coli (and E. coli O157:H7) all of which have the potential to cause disease outbreaks. Most of these pathogens acquire antimicrobial resistance (AR) determinants due to AR selective pressure within the agroecosystem and become resistant against most available treatment options, further aggravating risks to human and environmental health, and food safety. This review critically outlines the following issues with regards to fresh produce; the global burden of fresh produce-related foodborne diseases, contamination between the continuum of farm to table, preharvest transmission routes, AR profiles, and possible interventions to minimize the preharvest contamination of fresh produce. This review reveals that the primary production niches of the agro-ecosystem play a significant role in the transmission of fresh produce associated pathogens as well as their resistant variants, thus detrimental to food safety and public health.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal distribution of faecal indicators and multidrug resistant bacteria in a multiple-use freshwater lake: the case of Lake Hawassa, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deresse Daka ◽  
◽  
Hunachew Beyene ◽  
Simachew Dires ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
The City

Background: Aquatic environments close to cities are frequently used as sources for water and at the same time overloaded with a variety of pollutants either through direct or indirect discharges of untreated wastes and sewage. This condition is also worsened by the indiscriminate disposal of untreated wastes and sewage vigorously into used water. Sewage contaminated waters are known to carry microorganisms, some of which are pathogenic to humans. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the extent of temporal and spatial levels of microbial pollution and sources of pollution in Lake Hawassa. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Lake Hawassa, which was sampled twice during 2017. A total of 26 samples of lake water were collected from 14 stations using a boat. Entry points of incoming streams, waste receiving sites, and areas upstream of anthropogenic impact, recreational and bathing sites were considered. Microbiological characterisation was performed using selective media and basic biochemical tests. Antibiotic sensitivity was tested with different antibiotics using the Kirby-Bauer agar disk diffusion method. Result: All samples were positive for pathogenic bacteria, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Enterobacteriaceae were the most common bacteria identified from the samples, including Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp, Shigella spp, Proteus spp and Gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus. The predominant bacteria found in the samples include E. coli, which constituted 22/26 (84.6%) of the total samples, followed by Salmonella and Shigella spp. All bacterial isolates were resistant to penicillin and ampicillin. The Salmonella spp were sensitive only to norfloxacin and gentamicin. Conclusion: A spatial variation with the occurrence of bacterial isolates has been observed. High concentrations and many different species were found in areas of human activities and in areas receiving direct pollutants from the city. This study revealed that multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogenic bacteria are found in Lake Hawassa. There is a possibility of outbreak of diseases associated with the isolated antibiotic-resistant pathogens for which the antibiotic resistance genes are transportable within aquatic bacterial communities. We recommend that the city administration take care of the municipal wastewater or effluents from healthcare facilities that enter the lake. It is also recommended that the government take steps to control anthropogenic activities near the water body.

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