Faculty Opinions recommendation of Virulence of Leucobacter chromiireducens subsp. solipictus to Caenorhabditis elegans: characterization of a novel host-pathogen interaction.

ABSTRACT We describe the pathogenic interaction between a newly described gram-positive bacterium, Leucobacter chromiireducens subsp. solipictus strain TAN 31504, and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. TAN 31504 pathogenesis on C. elegans is exerted primarily through infection of the adult nematode uterus. TAN 31504 enters the uterus through the external vulval opening, and the ensuing uterine infection is strongly correlated with a significant reduction in host life span. Young worms can feed and develop on TAN 31504, but not preferably over the standard food source. C. elegans worms reared on TAN 31504 as the sole food source develop into thin adults with little intestinal fat stores, produce few progeny, and subsequently cannot persist on the pathogenic food source. Within 12 h of exposure, adult worms challenged with TAN 31504 alter the expression of a number of C. elegans innate immunity-related genes, including nlp-29, which encodes a neuropeptide-like protein. C. elegans worms exposed briefly to TAN 31504 develop lethal uterine infections analogous to worms exposed continuously to pathogen, suggesting that mere contact with the pathogen is sufficient for the host to become infected. TAN 31504 produces a robust biofilm, and this behavior is speculated to play a role in the virulence exerted on the nematode host. The interaction between TAN 31504 and C. elegans provides a convenient opportunity to study bacterial virulence on nematode tissues other than the intestine and may allow for the discovery of host innate immunity elicited specifically in response to vulva-uterus infection.

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Proteomic Characterization of a Natural Host–Pathogen Interaction: Repertoire of in Vivo Expressed Bacterial and Host Surface-Associated Proteins

Journal of Proteome Research ◽

10.1021/pr5010086 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 120-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Megan A. Rees ◽

Oded Kleifeld ◽

Paul K. Crellin ◽

Bosco Ho ◽

Timothy P. Stinear ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Host ◽

Host Pathogen Interaction ◽

Host Pathogen ◽

Associated Proteins

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Identification and Functional Characterization of Xanthomonas oryzae Pv. oryzae Isolates

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2020/v39i430533 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 78-84

Author(s):

Diksha Kumari ◽

Bishun Deo Parasad ◽

Sangita Sahni ◽

Abhijeet Ghatak

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Virulent Strain ◽

Functional Characterization ◽

Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽

Host Pathogen Interaction ◽

Ncbi Accession ◽

Host Pathogen ◽

Rice Leaves ◽

Increased Activity

Rice is a model crop for studying host - pathogen interaction with one of the most devastating pathogens viz. Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). In the present investigation, an attempt was made to isolate a virulent strain of Xathomonas oryzae from infected rice leaves and production of antioxidant enzymes, which are widely used in studying host - pathogen interactions. Among five isolates of X. oryzae pv. oryzae, SboBLB3 showed greater virulence as it showed susceptibility symptoms in infected rice leaves. The NCBI accession number of SboBLB3 was MH986180, which was obtained by sequencing 16s rDNA. The increased activity of antioxidant enzymes after SboBLB3 further confirms its virulence. Induction of antioxidant enzymes showed that SboBLB3 is a virulent strain of X. oryzae and can be used in host - pathogen interaction at molecular level.

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Salmonella Evades d-Amino Acid Oxidase To Promote Infection in Neutrophils

mBio ◽

10.1128/mbio.01886-14 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Brian R. Tuinema ◽

Sarah A. Reid-Yu ◽

Brian K. Coombes

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Cell Types ◽

Acid Oxidase ◽

Amino Acid Oxidase ◽

Bacterial Killing ◽

Host Pathogen Interaction ◽

Early Stages ◽

Host Pathogen ◽

Novel Host

ABSTRACTNeutrophils engulf and kill bacteria using oxidative and nonoxidative mechanisms. Despite robust antimicrobial activity, neutrophils are impaired in directingSalmonellaclearance and harbor viable intracellular bacteria during early stages of infection that can subsequently escape to more-permissive cell types. The mechanisms accounting for this immune impairment are not understood. We report thatSalmonellalimits exposure to oxidative damage elicited byd-amino acid oxidase (DAO) in neutrophils by expressing an ABC importer specific ford-alanine, a DAO substrate found in peptidoglycan stem peptides. ASalmonella dalSmutant defective ford-alanine import was more susceptible to killing by DAO through exposure to greater oxidative stress during infection. This fitness defect was reversed by selective depletion of neutrophils or by inhibition of DAOin vivowith a small-molecule inhibitor. DalS-mediated subversion of neutrophil DAO is a novel host-pathogen interaction that enhancesSalmonellasurvival during systemic infection.IMPORTANCENeutrophils engulfSalmonelladuring early stages of infection, but bacterial killing is incomplete. Very little is known about howSalmonellasurvives in neutrophils to gain access to other cell types during infection. In this study, we show thatd-amino acid oxidase (DAO) in neutrophils consumesd-alanine and that importing this substrate protectsSalmonellafrom oxidative killing by neutrophil DAO. Loss of this importer results in increased bacterial killingin vitro, in neutrophils, and in a mouse model of infection, all phenotypes that are lost upon inhibition of DAO. These findings add mechanistic insight into a novel host-pathogen interaction that has consequences on infection outcome.

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The glycomes of Caenorhabditis elegans and other model organisms

Biochemical Society Symposium ◽

10.1042/bss0690117 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 69 ◽

pp. 117-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Stuart M. Haslam ◽

David Gems ◽

Howard R. Morris ◽

Anne Dell

Keyword(s):

Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Structural Data ◽

Model Organisms ◽

Entire Genome ◽

C Elegans ◽

The Face ◽

Area Of Concern ◽

Nematode Worm

There is no doubt that the immense amount of information that is being generated by the initial sequencing and secondary interrogation of various genomes will change the face of glycobiological research. However, a major area of concern is that detailed structural knowledge of the ultimate products of genes that are identified as being involved in glycoconjugate biosynthesis is still limited. This is illustrated clearly by the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans, which was the first multicellular organism to have its entire genome sequenced. To date, only limited structural data on the glycosylated molecules of this organism have been reported. Our laboratory is addressing this problem by performing detailed MS structural characterization of the N-linked glycans of C. elegans; high-mannose structures dominate, with only minor amounts of complex-type structures. Novel, highly fucosylated truncated structures are also present which are difucosylated on the proximal N-acetylglucosamine of the chitobiose core as well as containing unusual Fucα1–2Gal1–2Man as peripheral structures. The implications of these results in terms of the identification of ligands for genomically predicted lectins and potential glycosyltransferases are discussed in this chapter. Current knowledge on the glycomes of other model organisms such as Dictyostelium discoideum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Drosophila melanogaster is also discussed briefly.

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