Faculty Opinions recommendation of The treatment outcome of psychotic disorders by traditional healers in central Sudan.

Background. The concept of duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) has recently attracted much interest because of its possible relationship to treatment outcome and implications for preventive efforts with reference to psychotic disorders, especially schizophrenia. In this paper we review critically the literature concerning the concept and its importance.Methods. Articles concerned with measuring DUP and those that have been suggested to provide indirect or direct evidence of the effect of DUP on treatment outcome are reviewed.Results. Evidence thus far suggests that DUP may be related to ease of reducing psychotic symptoms once treatment begins for first episode patients, but there is no evidence of a relationship to likelihood of relapse. There has been little investigation of the relationship of DUP to other long-term outcomes such as negative symptoms and cognitive functioning neither have the possible confounds of DUP been widely investigated or controlled.Conclusions. It is important that there should be more thorough investigations of DUP, its correlates, and the extent to which it does mediate any advantages of earlier intervention.

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The traditional belief system in relation to mental health and psychiatric services in Sudan

International Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/s1749367600002940 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 18-19

Author(s):

E. A. Sorketti ◽

N. Z. Zuraida ◽

M. H. Habil

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Health Services ◽

Low Income ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Belief System ◽

Traditional Healers ◽

Low Income Countries ◽

Social Scientists ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Central Sudan

Traditional healers' centres may constitute community resources for people with a mental illness. Many low-income countries are seeking to integrate mental health into their mainstream health services and primary healthcare, so as to decrease the duration of untreated illness. Traditional healers can help to meet these needs. A series of four studies has been conducted in central Sudan. In-patients with mental disorders undergoing treatment with traditional healers were recruited, as well as some of the healers themselves. The resulting observations should help practitioners trained in Western psychiatry to better understand traditional healing as an alternative healthcare system. The results should contribute to current debates on whether or not traditional healers in Africa should be officially recognised as healthcare providers. They should also deepen social scientists' understanding of the role of culture in mental health and help policy makers to improve mental health services.

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Childhood maltreatment and treatment outcome in psychotic disorders: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica ◽

10.1111/acps.13077 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 140 (4) ◽

pp. 295-312 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

S. Thomas ◽

M. Höfler ◽

I. Schäfer ◽

S. Trautmann

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Treatment Outcome ◽

Childhood Maltreatment ◽

Psychotic Disorders ◽

Meta Analysis

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Duration of untreated psychosis and its relationship to clinical outcome

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.187.48.s19 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 187 (S48) ◽

pp. s19-s23 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

Ross M. G. Norman ◽

Shôn W Lewis ◽

Max Marshall

Keyword(s):

Treatment Outcome ◽

Psychotic Disorders ◽

Independent Predictor ◽

Experimental Designs ◽

First Year ◽

Positive Symptoms ◽

Duration Of Untreated Psychosis ◽

Substantial Evidence ◽

Neurotoxic Effects ◽

Quasi Experimental

BackgroundA major reason for interest in early intervention for psychotic disorders is the hypothesised relationship between longer duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) and poorer outcome of treatment.AimsTo critically examine the evidence concerning DUP being related to treatment outcome and possible mediators of any such relationship.MethodA systematic review of studies in which DUP is assessed and its relationship to treatment outcome is examined. In addition, studies relevant to possible neurotoxic effects of DUP were reviewed.ResultsThe research is entirely of a correlational nature and, therefore, firm conclusions regarding causation are not possible. There is, however, substantial evidence of DUP being an independent predictor of treatment outcome, particularly remission of positive symptoms, over the first year or so of treatment. Findings regarding the possible neurotoxic effects of DUP are inconsistent.ConclusionsThere continues to be evidence consistent with DUP influencing aspects of treatment outcome. Non-correlational studies, such as quasi-experimental designs, could provide stronger evidence regarding causality.

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Perceptions of Community Health Workers (CHW) On Barriers And Enablers To Care For People With Psychosis In Rural Mozambique: Findings of a Focus Group Discussion Study Using The Capability, Opportunity, Motivation and Behavior Framework (COM-B Framework).

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1163377/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dirceu Mabunda ◽

Déborah Oliveira ◽

Mohsin Sidat ◽

Francine Cournos ◽

Milton Wainberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Focus Group ◽

Community Health ◽

Community Health Workers ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Psychotic Disorders ◽

Health Workers ◽

Traditional Healers ◽

Rural Settings ◽

And Behavior

Abstract Background: Psychotic disorders contribute significantly to the global disease burden by causing disability, impaired quality of life, and higher mortality in affected people compared with the general population. In rural settings, where there is limited or no access to healthcare, individuals living with psychotic disorders often seek support from Community Health Workers (CHWs). However, little is known about what CHWs know about psychosis and how they manage such cases. This study aimed to explore the CHWs perception of psychosis and their experiences and beliefs about the factors that might enable or hinder care taking for patients with psychosis in rural settings in Mozambique. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted in rural districts of Maputo Province, a southern region of Mozambique, using six focus group discussions with participation of 79 CHWs. Thematic analysis was used informed by the Capabilities, Opportunities, Motivation and Behavior framework (COM-B).Results: Nine primary themes were identified. Overall, CHWs perceived psychosis as treatable medical conditions and held a positive attitude about being part of the care taking process of patients with psychosis in rural settings. Partnerships with key-stakeholders such as traditional healers, health care workers and families, were perceived by CHWs as enablers to improve access to care in rural areas. However, stigma, myths, and lack of competencies to treat people with psychosis were perceived by CHWs as barriers for appropriate care. Conclusion: CHWs, with adequate support, can play an important role in the care of patients with psychosis in rural settings, including identification of patients requiring care and referring them to appropriate healthcare professionals, and follow-up of medicated patients with psychosis within the rural remote setting. Training of CHWs should consider inclusion of basic mental health care competencies.

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Characteristics of visitors to traditional healers in central Sudan

Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal ◽

10.26719/1999.5.1.79 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 79-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

I. M. Ahmed ◽

J. J. Bremer ◽

M. M. Magzoub ◽

A. M. Nouri

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Traditional Healers ◽

Traditional Healing ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Central Sudan

Traditional healing is widespread in Sudan and traditional healers are well respected by the community. This study aimed to assess the characteristics of visitors attending traditional healers, the reasons for visits, the frequency of visits, satisfaction with visits and advantages and disadvantages of visits. The results showed that children under ten years did not take part in visits; most of the visitors were between 21 and 40 years [61%]and were women [62%]. Visitors were less educated compared to the general population in the area. The main reasons given for attending traditional healers were treatment [60%]and blessing [26%]. Visitors did not mention any disadvantages to visiting traditional healers

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Psychosocial Risks and Management for Children and Adolescents With 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome

Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups ◽

10.1044/2019_pers-sig5-2019-0002 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 633-640 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Canice E. Crerand ◽

Ari N. Rabkin

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Abilities ◽

Psychotic Disorders ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

22Q11.2 Deletion Syndrome ◽

Deletion Syndrome ◽

22Q11.2 Deletion ◽

Psychosocial Risks ◽

Empirically Supported ◽

Specific Education

Purpose This article reviews the psychosocial risks associated with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, a relatively common genetic condition associated with a range of physical and psychiatric problems. Risks associated with developmental stages from infancy through adolescence and early adulthood are described, including developmental, learning, and intellectual disabilities as well as psychiatric disorders including anxiety, mood, and psychotic disorders. Other risks related to coping with health problems and related treatments are also detailed for both affected individuals and their families. Conclusion The article ends with strategies for addressing psychosocial risks including provision of condition-specific education, enhancement of social support, routine assessment of cognitive abilities, regular mental health screening, and referrals for empirically supported psychiatric and psychological treatments.

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Assessing Mental and Behavioral Disorder Impairment: Overview of Sixth Edition Approaches

Guides Newsletter ◽

10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2008.novdec01 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Norma Leclair ◽

Steve Leclair ◽

Robert Barth

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

Behavioral Disorders ◽

Psychotic Disorders ◽

Behavioral Disorder ◽

Behavioral Impairment ◽

Central Nervous System Damage ◽

Brain Functioning ◽

Sixth Edition ◽

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽

Mental And Behavioral Disorders

Abstract Chapter 14, Mental and Behavioral Disorders, in the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Sixth Edition, defines a process for assessing permanent impairment, including providing numeric ratings, for persons with specific mental and behavioral disorders. These mental disorders are limited to mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and psychotic disorders, and this chapter focuses on the evaluation of brain functioning and its effects on behavior in the absence of evident traumatic or disease-related objective central nervous system damage. This article poses and answers questions about the sixth edition. For example, this is the first since the second edition (1984) that provides a numeric impairment rating, and this edition establishes a standard, uniform template to translate human trauma or disease into a percentage of whole person impairment. Persons who conduct independent mental and behavioral evaluation using this chapter should be trained in psychiatry or psychology; other users should be experienced in psychiatric or psychological evaluations and should have expertise in the diagnosis and treatment of mental and behavioral disorders. The critical first step in determining a mental or behavioral impairment rating is to document the existence of a definitive diagnosis based on the current edition of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The article also enumerates the psychiatric disorders that are considered ratable in the sixth edition, addresses use of the sixth edition during independent medical evaluations, and answers additional questions.

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Errata

Guides Newsletter ◽

10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2008.marapr02 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 5-5

Keyword(s):

Psychotic Disorders ◽

Pain Syndrome ◽

Vestibular Disorders ◽

Loss Of Function ◽

Sixth Edition ◽

Neurologic Disorders ◽

Upper And Lower Extremities ◽

Impairment Ratings ◽

Extensive List ◽

Mental And Behavioral Disorders

Abstract Although most chapters in the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Sixth Edition, instruct evaluators to perform impairment ratings by first assigning a diagnosis-based class and then assigning a grade within that class, Chapter 13, The Central and Peripheral Nervous System, continues to use a methodology similar to that of the fifth edition. The latter was criticized for duplicating materials that were presented in other chapters and for producing different ratings, so the revision of Chapter 13 attempts to maintain consistency between this chapter and those that address mental and behavioral disorders, loss of function in upper and lower extremities, loss of bowel control, and bladder and sexual function. A table titled Summary of Chapters Used to Rate Various Neurologic Disorders directs physicians to the relevant chapters (ie, instead of Chapter 13) to consult in rating neurologic disorders; the extensive list of conditions that should be addressed in other chapters includes but is not limited to radiculopathy, plexus injuries and other plexopathies, focal neuropathy, complex regional pain syndrome, visual and vestibular disorders, and a range of primary mood, anxiety, and psychotic disorders. The article comments in detail on sections of this chapter, identifies changes in the sixth edition, and provide guidance regarding use of the new edition, resulting in less duplication and greater consistency.

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