scholarly journals Herbicide tolerance of maize genotypes in the wet 2016 year

2017 ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Péter Bónis ◽  
Tamás Árendás ◽  
Eszter Sugár ◽  
Csaba Szőke ◽  
Éva Darkó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Normal Dosage

The herbicide tolerance levels of 49 Martonvásár inbred parents were examined in Martonvásár in a herbicide susceptibility trial in 2016. The normal dosage recommended in the permit documentations and double dosage were used for the 12 small-plot herbicide treatments performed in two repetitions. Spraying of early post-emergent herbicides was carried out in the 1–2-leaf stage, while post-emergent treatments were applied in the 7–8-leaf stage of maize. The extent of phytotoxicity was scored for the early post-emergent herbicides two and four weeks after treatments and for the post-emergent herbicides two weeks after treatments, respectively. Some of the herbicides examined are not approved in seed production; however it is important to know the reaction of maize parent genotypes for every type of herbicides. The active agent topramezone was withdrawn from the market in 2015, but it was included in the trials as its usage was allowed until stocks run out in 2016. The herbicide agents were examined as follows: mesotrione + S-metolachlor + terbutylazine; isoxaflutol + tiencarbazon methyl + cyprosulfamide; isoxaflutol + cyprosulfamide; mesotrione + terbuthylazine; tembotrione + isoxidifen-ethyl; mesotrione + nicosulfuron; prosulfu ron; nicosulfuron +prosulfuron + dicamba; bentazone + dicamba; nicosulfuron; topramezone; foramsulfuron + isoxadifen-ethyl.Among early post-emergent herbicides, isoxaflutol + cyprosulfamide caused the less phytotoxic damage in the genotypes. The large amount of precipitation during the spring facilitated the infiltration of the active ingredient S-metolachlor, used regularly and successfully also in seed production, into the root zone, resulting in phytotoxic symptoms on susceptible inbred lines at the time of the first inspection. These genotypes recovered by the end of the vegetation period. The spring weather was cooler than usual, retarding the development of maize and thus led to the slower fermentation of herbicide active ingredients, accordingly, all of the post-emergent herbicides caused visible phytotoxic symptoms on some of genotypes. The most severe damages were generally caused by the double dosage of nicosulfuron + prosulfuron + dicamba, nicosulfuron, and foramsulfuron + isoxadifen-ethyl.

Herbicide tolerance of Martonvásár maize genotypes

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-520
Author(s):  
P. Bónis ◽  
T. Árendás ◽  
C. L. Marton ◽  
Z. Berzsenyi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Metabolic Processes ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Maize Genotypes

A comparison was made of herbicide tolerance results for two years, one dry (2003) and one wet (2004). The maximum permitted dose and twice this rate of the herbicides (mesotrione, mesotrione + atrazine, nicosulfuron, rimsulfuron) were sprayed on inbred maize lines in the 7-8-leaf stage. The effect of the herbicides on 20 inbred lines was evaluated on the basis of visible phytotoxic symptoms. In the dry year the greatest damage, averaged over the inbred lines, was caused by the double rate of rimsulfuron and nicosulfuron, but the plants had overcome this by the end of the vegetation period. In 2004 the cool wet spring weather retarded the metabolic processes of maize, leading to greater phytotoxic damage. The most severe symptoms were observed for the double rate of mesotrione +atrazine. The phytotoxic damage caused by the “normal” rates applied in commercial maize production was overcome by the lines in the wet year, too. Despite the initial visible phytotoxic damage, none of the herbicides caused significant differences in grain yield between the control and the single or double rates of treatment.

scholarly journals Changes in the herbicide tolerance of maize genotypes in wet and dry years

2011 ◽  
pp. 124-127
Author(s):  
Péter Bónis ◽  
Tamás Árendás ◽  
Zoltán Berzsenyi ◽  
Csaba L. Marton
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Maximum Dose ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Chernozem Soil ◽  
Forest Residues ◽  
Normal Dose ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Maize Genotypes

The tolerance of 15 inbred maize lines grown on chernozem soil with forest residues in Martonvásár was tested against herbicides applied post-emergence in two dry, warm years (2003 and 2011) and in two cool, wet years (2004 and 2010). The herbicides mesotrione + terbutylazine, nicosulfuron and dicamba were applied to maize inbred lines in the 7–8-leaf stage at the maximum dose authorised for practical use and at double this rate. The plants were scored for the intensity of visible phytotoxic symptoms 14 days after treatment.The level of phytotoxicity observed in dry, warm years was 5.14%, averaged over the lines, herbicides and rates. The intensity of visible symptoms was almost 2.5 times as great in cool, wet years (12.76 %).Averaged over the four years, the lines and the rates, the least damage was caused by dicamba (5.77 %), followed by mesotrione + terbutylazine (7.23 %). The most severe symptoms were induced by nicosulfuron (16.17 %). This could be attributed to the fact that some of the inbred lines were extremely sensitive to herbicides, especially those of the sulfonylurea type.A difference of more than 1.5 times was observed between the two doses, but the correlation between the concentration and the severity of the visual symptoms was not strictly linear. Compared to the normal dose (100 %) the double rate resulted in a 162.5% increase in symptom severity. In most cases plants treated with the normal dose were symptom-free or only exhibited a low level of phytotoxicity.

scholarly journals Phytotoxicity levels in a wet year in an experiment on maize sensitivity to herbicides

2014 ◽  
pp. 92-96
Author(s):  
Péter Bónis ◽  
Tamás Árendás ◽  
Csaba Szőke ◽  
Györgyi Micskei ◽  
Éva Darkó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Double Dose ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Sensitivity Experiment ◽  
Phytotoxic Effects ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Split Treatment ◽  
Wet Weather ◽  
Set Up

The phytotoxic effects of herbicides applied pre-, early post- and post-emergence were studied in maize in a herbicide sensitivity experiment were set up in Martonvásár and Törökszentmiklós. The herbicides were applied in normal and in double doses to 37 Martonvásár inbred lines and to six parental single crosses. The small-plot experiments were set up in two replications. The wet weather that followed the pre- and early post-emergence treatments promoted the appearance of phytotoxic symptoms on maize. The degree of phytotoxicity was recorded on the 14th day after post-emergence treatment and on the 14th and 28th days after the pre- and early postemergence treatments. Herbicides applied pre-emergence only caused slight symptoms on maize. Although the double dose increased the damage, it was still not more than 5% on average. The symptoms caused by herbicides applied in the early post-emergence stage were more intensive than those detected in the pre-emergence treatments. However, the damage caused by the double dose of isoxaflutol + thiencarbazone-methyl and by the split treatment with nicosulfuron remained below 10%. The symptoms became somewhat more severe at the 2nd scoring date. Among the post-emergence treatments the maize genotypes had the least tolerance of the mesotrione + nicosulfuron combination of active ingredients, where the double quantities resulted in 13–14% damage in average.

scholarly journals Field Tests on the Herbicide Tolerance of Various Maize Genotypes

2003 ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
Péter Bónis ◽  
Tamás Árendás ◽  
Lajos Csaba Marton
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Inbred Line ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Double Dose ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Phytotoxic Effects ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Made In

Investigations were made in Martonvásár on the herbicide tolerance of 22 inbred maize lines and 3 parental single crosses when treated with one herbicide applied after sowing, prior to emergence, and with seven applied post-emergence in the 6-8-leaf stage. Visible damage was scored 14 days after the treatment.An analysis of the phytotoxic effects led to the conclusion that a single dose of the tested herbicides did not cause any damage to the genotypes investigated, with the exception of one inbred line, which was extremely sensitive to herbicides of the sulphonyl carbamide type and moderately sensitive to both rates of dicamba. In many cases, a double dose of the herbicides caused mild or moderate symptoms on the maize lines.

scholarly journals Resistance of early maturity maize genotypes to southern corn leaf blight

2017 ◽  
pp. 321-330
Author(s):  
Majid Zamani ◽  
Masoud Mohseni
Keyword(s):  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Resistant Group ◽  
Technique Evaluation ◽  
Sorghum Grain ◽  
Corn Leaf Blight

In order to study the resistance of early maize genotypes to Southern Corn Leaf Blight (SCLB) or Maydis Leaf Blight (MLB), RCBD experiments with 20 inbred lines and hybrids in 2014 and 16 genotypes in 2015 were conducted at Karaj and Sari Stations. Inoculation was carried out with spore suspension using syringe (3ml/each whorl) firstly at 3-4 leaf stage of maize, and then, sorghum grain inoculated with fungus was applied at 6-8 leaf stage in whorl of each plant using the bazooka technique. Evaluation was done on the basis of disease progress at pollination stage and two weeks after pollination stage with scale 0-5. The results of variance analysis and mean comparison showed that there are different reactions among genotypes to disease. In this study, in 2014, 15% genotypes categorized into resistant group, and these were genotypes: KE 77003/10 ? KE 75039, KE 72012/12 ? K1263/1 (KSC 400), and K 2331 ? KE 75039. Among 16 genotypes in 2015, three hybrids - No. 16 with pedigree (KE 76009/311? K 1264/5-1), No. 10 with pedigree (K 2331 ? KE 75039) and No. 9 with pedigree KSC 400 (KE 72012/12 ? K1263/1) - were identified as resistant hybrids that can be a good source of resistance to SCLB.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of maize to herbicides in experiments in Martonvásár in 2015

2015 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Péter Bónis ◽  
Tamás Árendás ◽  
Csaba Szőke ◽  
Eszter Sugár ◽  
Nándor Fodor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Effect ◽  
Sensitivity Experiment ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Set Up ◽  
By Products

The phytotoxic effect of herbicides applied post-emergence was investigated in a herbicide sensitivity experiment set up on parental maize genotypes in Martonvásár. A total of 48 Martonvásár inbred lines and 12 single line crosses were included in small-plot experiments set up in two replications. Ten herbicides were applied at the normal authorised rate and at twice this quantity. Compounds intended for pre-emergence application were applied when maize was in the 3–4-leaf stage and post-emergence herbicides in the 7–8-leaf stage of development. The extent of phytotoxicity was scored two weeks after treatment. Some of the herbicides tested are not authorised for use in seed production fields, but it is important to know how the parental genotypes respond to all types of herbicides. Phytotoxic symptoms of varying intensity were only observed on a third of the 60 parental genotypes examined; the majority of the lines exhibited no reaction to any of the herbicides. Averaged over the 60 genotypes the level of phytotoxic damage was less than 10% for the single dose. When the double dose was applied somewhat more severe damage was induced by products containing Mesotrione + Nicosulfuron or Foramsulfuron + Isoxadifen-ethyl, but this was still below 15%. The herbicide dose had a three times stronger influence on the intensity of the symptoms than the type of herbicide. With the exception of Topramezone, there was a significant difference between the effects of the normal and double doses. The greatest dose effect differences, in decreasing order, were observed for Mesotrione + Nicosulfuron, Foramsulfuron + Isoxadifen-ethyl. Nicosulfuron and Mesotrione + Terbutylazine. The Mesotrione + Terbutylazine active ingredient combination only caused mild (<10%) symptoms on a total of 11 genotypes, while the Mesotrione + Nicosulfuron combination induced more severe phytotoxic symptoms on 26 lines. When Nicosulfuron was applied alone it caused milder symptoms on fewer genotypes than in combination with Mesotrione. Among compounds of the sulphonyl-urea type, the least severe symptoms on the fewest genotypes were recorded in the case of Prosulfuron.

EMERGENCE AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF INBRED LINES OF CORN AT SUBOPTIMAL ROOT-ZONE TEMPERATURES

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. MENKIR ◽  
E. N. LARTER
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
Zone Temperature

Based on the results of an earlier paper, 12 inbred lines of corn (Zea mays L.) were evaluated for emergence and seedling growth at three controlled root-zone temperatures (10, 14, and 18 °C). Low root-zone temperatures, 10 and 14 °C, were detrimental to emergence, seedling growth, and root growth of all inbred lines. Differential responses of inbred lines were observed within each temperature regime. The differences in seedling emergence among lines became smaller with increasing root-zone temperature, while the reverse was true for seedling dry weight. Simple correlation coefficients showed a significantly (P = 0.05) negative association between emergence percentage and emergence index (rate). Neither of these two emergence traits was significantly correlated with seedling dry weights. Seedling dry weights were significantly (P = 0.01) and positively associated with root dry weights. Two inbred lines exhibited good tolerance to low root-zone temperatures, viz. CO255 and RB214. A significant and positive correlation existed between emergence percentage at a root-zone temperature of 10 °C and field emergence in test with the same genotypes reported earlier. Selection at a root-zone temperature of 10 °C for a high percentage of seedling emergence, therefore, could be effective in identifying genotypes capable of germinating in cool soils. Furthermore, the significantly (P = 0.01) positive relationship between seedling dry weights at all root-zone temperatures and those from the field test suggest that strains with vigorous seedling growth in the field could be identified using low root-zone temperature regimes.Key words: Zea mays, root-zone temperature, cold tolerance

SEEDLING PUBESCENCE AS A GENETIC MARKER IN SMOOTH BROMEGRASS (BROMUS INERMIS LEYSS.)

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 1163-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. KNOWLES
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Marker ◽  
North American ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Controlled Crosses

Seedlings of a group of North American cultivars of smooth bromegrass were examined at the three-leaf stage for pubescence under greenhouse conditions. Southern strains showed 90–98% strongly pubescent seedlings while northern strains had 60–70% strongly pubescent seedlings. Saratoga, although considered southern in type, was less pubescent than all other cultivars except Polar. The degree of pubescence was greater in spring and early fall plantings than in winter plantings, indicating that pubescence depends on good light and temperature conditions. Strains nearly pure for strong pubescence were formed by repeated cycles of mass selection. Few inbred lines showed uniformity for pubescent or smooth seedlings. Pure-breeding smooth stocks were more difficult to produce than highly pubescent strains. Controlled crosses showed partial dominace for pubescence and little difference between reciprocals. Adjacent plantings of pubescent and smooth seedling stocks showed as much as 45% off-type seedlings from seed produced at the interface of plots. Contamination declined to 10% or less at 10 m from the border.

scholarly journals Response of Assorted Maize Germplasm to the Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease in Kenya

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Sitta J. ◽  
Nzuve F. M. ◽  
Olubayo F. M. ◽  
Mutinda C. ◽  
Muiru W. M. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Maize Productivity ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Chlorotic Mottle Virus ◽  
Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus ◽  
Chlorotic Mottle

Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most widely grown staple food crop in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) and occupies more than 33 million hectares each year. The recent outbreak and rapid spread of the Maize Lethal Necrosis (MLN) disease has emerged as a great challenge to maize production, threatening food security for the majority of households in the Eastern Africa region with yield loss estimated to be 50-90%. The disease is a result of synergistic interaction between two viruses, Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) and Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV). The objective of this study was to identify maize genotypes with resistance to MLN. In season one, 73 maize genotypes comprising 25 inbred lines from research institutes, 30 lines from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) and 18 farmer varieties were screened for resistance to MLN. In season 2, only 48 genotypes were screened after some of the inbred lines showed complete susceptibility to MLN. These genotypes were grown in three replications in a completely randomized design in polythene bags in the greenhouse at the University of Nairobi. The plants were artificially inoculated using a mixture of SCMV and MCMV. .Weekly MLN disease severity scores using a scale of 1 to 5 (1 = highly resistant and 5 = highly susceptible) and % MLN incidence were recorded and eventually converted into Area under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) to give an indication of the disease intensity over time. The plants were allowed to grow to flowering stage to observe the effect of the MLN on the maize productivity. Analysis of Variance revealed wide genetic variation among the genotypes ranging from resistant to highly susceptible. In season 1, three farmer varieties namely MLR2, MLR11 and MLR13 showed resistance to MLN with a mean severity score of 2. In season 2, MLN12, MLN17, MLN18, MLN19, and MLR4 showed low MLN severity ranging from 2-3. The genotypes MLR6, MLR9, MLR16 and MLR18 showed MLN severity of 3 and early maturity traits. This study also validated the presence of MLN resistance among some CIMMYT lines depicted to show resistance in previous studies. These resistant genotypes could serve as donors in the introgression of the resistance into the adapted Kenyan maize backgrounds. This will go a long way in ensuring sustainable maize productivity while improving the livelihoods of the small-scale farmers who form the bulk of the major maize producers in Kenya.

scholarly journals Antioxidant activity in seeds of maize genotypes with different percentage of exotic germplasm

Genetika ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalija Kravic ◽  
Violeta Andjelkovic ◽  
Vesna Hadzi-Taskovic-Sukalovic ◽  
Mirjana Vuletic
Keyword(s):  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Exotic Germplasm ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Dpph Radical Scavenging ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging Activities

In order to broaden the genetic base of maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm, it is necessary to integrate exotic materials into adapted breeding materials. The aim of the study was to compare antioxidative systems of two adapted maize inbred lines (A and B) with exotic germplasm, Drought Tolerant Population (DTP), and their backcrosses with DTP (A1, A2 and B1, B2). The content of low-molecular weight antioxidants, proline and phenolics, as well as antioxidant capacity, detected as free radical scavenging activities against DPPH radical, were measured in maize seeds. Proline content in both, embryo and endosperm was higher in backcrosses than in inbred lines and DTP, and increased in embryo by getting higher percentage of exotic germplasm. Contrary, phenolic content and DPPH radical scavenging activity of seeds, which were higher in adapted inbred lines than in DTP, were slightly decreased in their backcrosses with DTP.

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