O papel do intestino na homeostase imunológica / The role of the intestine in immunological homeostasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 55181-55191
Author(s):  
Danilo Aureliano Almeida Geremia ◽  
Julinês Bega Peixe ◽  
Beremis Samir Pereira Barreto ◽  
Fernanda Frohlich ◽  
Iasmine Pereira Barreto Tossatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunological Homeostasis

scholarly journals A Functional Polymorphism in B and T Lymphocyte Attenuator Is Associated with Susceptibility to Rheumatoid Arthritis

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mie Oki ◽  
Norihiko Watanabe ◽  
Takayoshi Owada ◽  
Yoshihiro Oya ◽  
Kei Ikeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Susceptibility Gene ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Immunological Homeostasis ◽  
Deficient Mice

Inhibitory coreceptors are thought to play important roles in maintaining immunological homeostasis, and a defect in the negative signals from inhibitory coreceptors may lead to the development of autoimmune diseases. We have recently identified B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA), a new inhibitory coreceptor expressed on immune cells, and we suggest that BTLA may be involved in the development of autoimmune diseases using BTLA-deficient mice. However, the role of BTLA in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases in humans remains unknown. We, therefore, examined the possible association between BTLA and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and Sjögren's syndrome (SS) by conducting a case-control genetic association study. We found that 590C single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of BTLA gene was significantly associated with susceptibility to RA, but not to SLE or SS. Furthermore, RA patients bearing this 590C SNP developed the disease significantly earlier than the patients without this allele. We also found that BTLA with 590C allele lacked the inhibitory activity on concanavalin A- and anti-CD3 Ab-induced IL-2 production in Jurkat T cells. These results suggest that BTLA is an RA-susceptibility gene and is involved in the protection from autoimmunity in humans.

scholarly journals Role of adipose-associated lymphoid tissues in the immunological homeostasis of the serosal surface

2020 ◽  
Vol 228 ◽  
pp. 135-141
Author(s):  
Xinkai Jia ◽  
Gergely Berta ◽  
Fanni Gábris ◽  
Zoltán Kellermayer ◽  
Péter Balogh
Keyword(s):  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Serosal Surface ◽  
Immunological Homeostasis

scholarly journals Increased abundance of ADAM9 transcripts in the blood is associated with tissue damage

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darawan Rinchai ◽  
Chidchamai Kewcharoenwong ◽  
Bianca Kessler ◽  
Ganjana Lertmemongkolchai ◽  
Damien Chaussabel
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Domain Family ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Immunological Homeostasis ◽  
Molecular Patterns

Background: Members of the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain) family have emerged as critical regulators of cell-cell signaling during development and homeostasis. ADAM9 is consistently overexpressed in various human cancers, and has been shown to play an important role in tumorigenesis. However, little is known about the involvement of ADAM9 during immune-mediated processes. Results: Mining of an extensive compendium of transcriptomic datasets identified important gaps in knowledge regarding the possible role of ADAM9 in immunological homeostasis and inflammation: 1) The abundance of ADAM9 transcripts in the blood was increased in patients with acute infection but, 2) changed very little after in vitro exposure to a wide range of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). 3) Furthermore it was found to increase significantly in subjects as a result of tissue injury or tissue remodeling, in absence of infectious processes. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that ADAM9 may constitute a valuable biomarker for the assessment of tissue damage, especially in clinical situations where other inflammatory markers are confounded by infectious processes.

scholarly journals Saving Death: Apoptosis for Intervention in Transplantation and Autoimmunity

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 273-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Li ◽  
Okechukwu Ojogho ◽  
Alan Escher
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Transplant Rejection ◽  
Apoptotic Cells ◽  
Regulatory Cells ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Immunological Homeostasis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Induction Of Tolerance ◽  
Naive T Lymphocytes

Long considered immunologically “bland,” apoptotic cells are now recognized as important modulators of immune responses. The role of apoptosis in immunological homeostasis has been inferred from several findings, for example, induction of tolerance after injection of apoptotic cells and the capacity of APCs like macrophages and DCs to induce and maintain tolerance after phagocytosis of dead cells. Processing of apoptotic cells by DCs is of particular interest, because DCs are the only known APCs capable of activating naïve T lymphocytes to become effector or regulatory cells. In that regard, recent evidence suggests that phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by DCs can induce Tregs, a finding that has significant implications for the treatment of a variety of immune-mediated inflammatory disorders. Here, we review the relationship between apoptotic cells, DCs, and Tregs, and its impact on prevention of transplant rejection and treatment of autoimmune diseases.

scholarly journals The First Trimester Gravid Serum Regulates Procalcitonin Expression in Human Macrophages Skewing Their PhenotypeIn Vitro

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damiano Rami ◽  
Martina La Bianca ◽  
Chiara Agostinis ◽  
Giorgio Zauli ◽  
Oriano Radillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
M1 Macrophages ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Inflammatory Stimuli ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Parenchymal Cells ◽  
Immunological Homeostasis ◽  
Pregnancy Hormones

Procalcitonin (PCT) is one of the best diagnostic and prognostic markers in clinical practice, widely used to evaluate the evolution of bacterial infections. Although it is mainly produced by thyroid, during sepsis almost all the peripheral tissues are involved in PCT production. Parenchymal cells have been suggested as the main source of PCT expression; however the contribution of macrophages is not clear yet. In response to environmental cues, tissue macrophages acquire distinct functional phenotypes, ranging from proinflammatory (M1) to anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype. Macrophages at the fetal-maternal interface show immunosuppressive M2-like activities required for the maintenance of immunological homeostasis during pregnancy. This study aims to clarify the ability to synthesise PCT of fully differentiated (M0), polarized (M1/M2) macrophages and those cultured either in the presence of first trimester gravid serum (GS) or pregnancy hormones. We found out that M1 macrophages upregulate PCT expression following LPS stimulation compared to M0 and M2. The GS downregulates PCT expression in macrophages, skewing them towards an M2-like phenotype. This effect seems only partially mediated by the hormonalmilieu. Our findings strengthen the key role of macrophages in counteracting inflammatory stimuli during pregnancy, suggesting PCT as a possible new marker of M1-like macrophages.

scholarly journals New insights into the interactions between Blastocystis, the gut microbiota, and host immunity

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. e1009253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Deng ◽  
Lukasz Wojciech ◽  
Nicholas R. J. Gascoigne ◽  
Guangneng Peng ◽  
Kevin S. W. Tan
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Beneficial Bacteria ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Common Component ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Complex Ecosystem ◽  
Immunological Homeostasis ◽  
Potential Interactions

The human gut microbiota is a diverse and complex ecosystem that is involved in beneficial physiological functions as well as disease pathogenesis. Blastocystis is a common protistan parasite and is increasingly recognized as an important component of the gut microbiota. The correlations between Blastocystis and other communities of intestinal microbiota have been investigated, and, to a lesser extent, the role of this parasite in maintaining the host immunological homeostasis. Despite recent studies suggesting that Blastocystis decreases the abundance of beneficial bacteria, most reports indicate that Blastocystis is a common component of the healthy gut microbiome. This review covers recent finding on the potential interactions between Blastocystis and the gut microbiota communities and its roles in regulating host immune responses.

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor

Role of the allergist in diagnosis and management of patients with uveitis

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Van Metre
Keyword(s):  
Diagnosis And Management

The power of norms to sway fused group members

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnifred R. Louis ◽  
Craig McGarty ◽  
Emma F. Thomas ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot ◽  
Fathali M. Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Anthropology ◽  
Normative Systems ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Identity Fusion ◽  
Group Members

AbstractWhitehouse adapts insights from evolutionary anthropology to interpret extreme self-sacrifice through the concept of identity fusion. The model neglects the role of normative systems in shaping behaviors, especially in relation to violent extremism. In peaceful groups, increasing fusion will actually decrease extremism. Groups collectively appraise threats and opportunities, actively debate action options, and rarely choose violence toward self or others.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

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