Dinâmica de áreas queimadas através de dados orbitais do sensor modis e influência climática no parque nacional da Chapada Diamantina / Dynamics of burned areas through orbital data from the modis sensor and climate influence in the Chapada Diamantina  national park

Fire scar detection through orbital data can be done using specific techniques, such as the use of spectral indices like the normalized burn ratio (NBR), which are designed to help identify burnt areas as they have typical spectral responses. This paper aims to characterize burn severity and regrowth in areas hit by three fires in the Chapada Diamantina National Park (Bahia, Brazil) and its surrounding area through the differenced normalized burn ratio (dNBR) and relative differenced normalized burn ratio (RdNBR) spectral indices. The data acquired were pretreated and prepared adequately to calculate the indices. We conclude that for the study area, considering the limitations of fieldwork, the multitemporal index dNBR and the relative index RdNBR are important tools for classifying burnt areas and can be used to assess the regrowth of vegetation.

Download Full-text

Mapping and evaluation of the state of conservation of the vegetation in and surrounding the Chapada Diamantina National Park, NE Brazil

Biota Neotropica ◽

10.1590/s1676-06032009000200001 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 21-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Roy Richard Funch ◽

Raymond Mervyn Harley ◽

Ligia Silveira Funch

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Development Planning ◽

Management Plan ◽

Decision Makers ◽

Vegetation Map ◽

Chapada Diamantina ◽

Diamond Mining ◽

Agricultural Use ◽

Sedge Meadows ◽

Management And Conservation

The Chapada Diamantina National Park (CDNP) was created in the midst of a densely populated area, and significant sections of the reserve are still undergoing processes of natural regeneration after intensive diamond mining activities were initiated in the mid-1800's. An up-to-date vegetation map was needed in order to indicate the types and distribution of regional vegetation assemblages in an easily interpretable manner and at an appropriate planning scale that could be easily consulted by decision makers and other interested groups at all levels of conservation (and development) planning. A vegetation map of the Chapada Diamantina National Park, and the areas immediately surrounding it, was prepared that: 1) delimits, describes, and maps the regional vegetation assemblages; 2) provides an indication of the degree of conservation of the mapped vegetation; 3) develops this information in a format that facilitates continued updating and revision as more information becomes available, enabling the monitoring of the evolution of the Park lands, and; 4) presents this information in a manner that can be easily interpreted and used for planning, management and conservation purposes. The resulting vegetation map revealed intensive anthropogenic disturbances in forested, savanna, and semi-arid areas subjected to intensive agricultural use outside of the Park boundaries. The National Park lands are generally well preserved but burning has replaced formerly extensive forest areas with open sedge meadows. In spite of intensive modification of the regional vegetation, two well preserved areas with high priority for conservation efforts beyond the National Park limits were identified and characterized. The vegetation mapping of the park itself can aid in the preparation of its management plan and in the reformulation of the existing boundaries of that reserve.

Download Full-text

Distribution, Morphology, Survival, and Genetics of Aspen (Populus Tremuloides) Seedlings Following the 1988 Yellowstone Fires

The UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports ◽

10.13001/uwnpsrc.1996.3303 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

pp. 118-122

Author(s):

Monica Turner ◽

Rebecca Reed ◽

William Romme ◽

Gerald Tuskan

Keyword(s):

Populus Tremuloides ◽

Yellowstone National Park ◽

National Park ◽

Plant Competition ◽

Mineral Soil ◽

Rare Event ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Elevational Gradient ◽

Quaking Aspen ◽

Burned Areas

An unexpected consequence of the 1988 Yellowstone fires was the widespread establishment of seedlings of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) in the burned forests, including areas outside the previous range of aspen (Kay 1993; Romme et al. 1997). Although aspen is the most widely distributed tree species in North America (Powells 1965), it is relatively uncommon and localized in distribution within Yellowstone National Park (Despain 1991). Most aspen stands in Yellowstone are found in the lower elevation landscapes in the northern portion of the park, and the species was absent - prior to 1988 -- across most of the high plateaus that dominate the southern and central park area. Aspen in the Rocky Mountain region reproduces primarily by means of vegetative root sprouting. Although viable seeds are regularly produced, establishment of seedlings in the wild is apparently a rare event due to the limited tolerance of aspen seedlings for desiccation or competition (e.g., Pearson 1914; McDonough 1985). In the immediate aftermath of the 1988 Yellowstone fires, there was a brief "window of opportunity" for aspen seedling establishment, as a result of abundant aspen seed production, moist weather conditions in spring and summer, and bare mineral soil and reduced plant competition within extensive burned areas (Jelinski and Cheliak 1992; Romme et al. 1997). We initiated this 3-year study in 1996 to address four questions about the aspen seedlings now growing in burned areas across the Yellowstone Plateau: (1) What are the broad-scale patterns of distribution and abundance of aspen seedlings across the subalpine plateaus of Yellowstone National Park? (2) What is the morphology and population structure -- e.g., proportions of genets (genetic individuals that developed from a single seed) and ramets (vegetative root sprouts produced by a genet) of various ages - in aspen seedling populations? (3) What are the mechanisms leading to eventual persistence or extirpation of seedling populations along an elevational gradient, particularly with respect to ungulate browsing and plant competition? (4) What is the genetic diversity and relatedness of the seedling populations along gradients of elevation and substrate?

Download Full-text

Restoring Burned Areas at Zion National Park (Utah)

Ecological Restoration ◽

10.3368/er.27.2.132 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 132-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. Fuhrmann ◽

K. Weber ◽

C. Decker

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Burned Areas ◽

Zion National Park

Download Full-text

Simulium (Chirostilbia) jefersoni, a new species of black fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) from the state of Bahia, Brazil

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.1123.1.2 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 1123 (1) ◽

pp. 21

Author(s):

NEUSA HAMADA ◽

LUIS M. HERNANDEZ ◽

SERGIO L.B. LUZ ◽

MATEUS PEPINELLI

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Species Distribution ◽

National Park ◽

The State ◽

Immature Stages ◽

Surrounding Area ◽

Chapada Diamantina ◽

Black Fly ◽

A New Species

Simulium jefersoni n. sp. is described based on adults, pupae, and larvae collected in Chapada Diamantina National Park and the surrounding area, in the state of Bahia, Brazil. Its affinities with other species, distribution, and biology in Brazil are presented. The immature stages of S. jefersoni n. sp. were found in 44% of the 68 streams sampled in the study area. Females did not bite humans in the field.

Download Full-text

Prefire heterogeneity, fire severity, and early postfire plant reestablishment in subalpine forests of Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming

International Journal of Wildland Fire ◽

10.1071/wf99003 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 21 ◽

Cited By ~ 215

Author(s):

Monica G. Turner ◽

William H. Romme ◽

Robert H. Gardner

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Lodgepole Pine ◽

Fire Severity ◽

Tree Density ◽

Burn Severity ◽

Percent Cover ◽

Crown Fire ◽

Successional Stage ◽

Burned Areas ◽

Pine Seedlings

The 1988 fires in Yellowstone National Park providedan opportunity to study effects of a large infrequent disturbance on a natural community. This study addressed two questions: (1) How does prefire heterogeneity of the landscape affect postfire patterns of fire severity? and (2) How do postfire patterns of burn severity influence plant reestablishment? At three sites, 100 sampling points were distributed regularly in a 1-km x 1-km grid and sampled annually from 1989 to 1992. Information was recorded on fire severity (damage to trees, depth of ash and soil charring, and percent mineral soil exposed); pre-fire forest structure (forest successional stage; tree density; tree species; tree size; and evidence of pre-fire disturbance by mountain pine beetle [Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopk.] or mistletoe [Arceuthobium americanum Nutt. ex Engelm.]); post-fire percent cover of graminoids, forbs, and low shrubs; number of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm.) seedlings; and general topographic characteristics (slope and aspect). Fire severity was influenced by successional stage, with older stands more likely to be in the more severe burn class, and by tree diameter, with tree damage diminishing with tree size. Prefire bark beetle and mistletoe damage also influenced fire severity; severe prefire damage increased the likelihood of crown fire, but intermediate prefire damage reduced the likelihood of crown fire. Fire severity was not influenced by slope, aspect, or tree density. Postfire percent vegetative cover and density of lodgepole pine seedlings varied with burn severity. In lightly burned areas, percent cover returned to unburned levels by 1991. In severely burned areas, total percent cover was about half that of unburned areas by 1992, and shrub cover remained reduced. Recruitment of lodgepole pine seedlings was greatest during the second postfire year and in severe-surface burns rather than in crown fires. Continued monitoring of vegetation dynamics in Yellowstone’s burned forests will contribute to our understanding of successional processes following a disturbance that was exceptional in its size and severity.

Download Full-text

The impact of burning on lion Panthera leo habitat choice in an African savanna

Current Zoology ◽

10.1093/czoolo/59.3.335 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 335-339 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Stephanie Eby ◽

Anna Mosser ◽

Ali Swanson ◽

Craig Packer ◽

Mark Ritchie

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Habitat Choice ◽

Territory Size ◽

Short Term ◽

Data Set ◽

Burned Areas ◽

The Impact ◽

Term Data ◽

Prey Attraction

Abstract Carnivores play a central role in ecosystem processes by exerting top-down control, while fire exerts bottom-up control in ecosystems throughout the world, yet, little is known about how fire affects short-term carnivore distributions across the landscape. Through the use of a long-term data set we investigated the distribution of lions, during the daytime, in relation to burned areas in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. We found that lions avoid burned areas despite the fact that herbivores, their prey, are attracted to burned areas. Prey attraction, however, likely results from the reduction in cover caused by burning, that may thereby decrease lion hunting success. Lions also do not preferentially utilize the edges of burned areas over unburned areas despite the possibility that edges would combine the benefit of cover with proximity to abundant prey. Despite the fact that lions avoid burned areas, lion territory size and reproductive success were not affected by the proportion of the territory burned each year. Therefore, burning does not seem to reduce lion fitness perhaps because of the heterogeneity of burned areas across the landscape or because it is possible that when hunting at night lions visit burned areas despite their daytime avoidance of these areas.

Download Full-text

The Interaction of Fire, Vegetation and Large Mammalian Herbivores, on Ecosystem Processes in Yellowstone National Park

The UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports ◽

10.13001/uwnpsrc.1991.3043 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. 260-262

Author(s):

Benjamin Tracy ◽

Samuel McNaughton

Keyword(s):

Yellowstone National Park ◽

National Park ◽

Ecosystem Processes ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Sagebrush Steppe ◽

Positive Interactions ◽

Basic Study ◽

Mammalian Herbivores ◽

Burned Areas ◽

Study Sites

There is substantial observational evidence suggesting positive interactions among fire, vegetation and large mammalian herbivores within Yellowstone National Park. The purpose of this research project is to quantify these potential interactions and explain their interactive effects on ecosystem processes (e.g. nutrient cycling). The basic study design utilizes burned areas from the 1988 fires with adjacent unburned areas to comparatively quantify ecosystem process information. Two paired study sites were chosen in three locations (Hellroaring Slope, Swan Lake Flat and Hayden Valley) representing winter, transitional and summer range for portions of the Northern elk herd. All study sites can be characterized as mesic sagebrush steppe dominated by the grasses Festuca idahoensis and Agropryron spp.

Download Full-text

Indicator for peat natural recovery in Sebangau National Park in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/914/1/012034 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 914 (1) ◽

pp. 012034

Author(s):

T Setyawati ◽

N Julianti ◽

Pratiwi ◽

B Mulyanto ◽

A Subiakto

Keyword(s):

Forest Fires ◽

Vegetation Structure ◽

Random Sampling ◽

National Park ◽

Field Data ◽

Initial Condition ◽

Central Kalimantan ◽

Burned Areas ◽

Drainage Canals ◽

Made In

Abstract Most of the existing peatland area in Indonesia is degraded mainly due to human activities. This, in association with the construction of drainage canals, resulted in a lower water table compared to its natural condition, causing many changes. Although the criteria for damage and recovery have already been articulated into several existing regulations, yet the indicators for recovery have not been widely studied. For effective restoration, managers need to have basic data related to the initial condition of damaged areas or at least have data on areas that are able to recover naturally without human assistance. Random sampling was used to collect field data on vegetation structure and composition, including direct interviews with the resource persons. Observations made in several locations within the Sebangau National Park indicated that some areas are recovering naturally and relatively fast, although some are not. During 2017 forest fires, only 98.03 ha or burned areas were recorded. This can be seen from the species composition and the vegetation structure covering the studied area. Conditions in the field indicate that all peat forests have been fragmented through the existence of canals which are used for various activities.

Download Full-text

Predicting and mitigating weed invasions to restore natural post-fire succession in Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado, USA

International Journal of Wildland Fire ◽

10.1071/wf05066 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 247 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

M. Lisa Floyd ◽

David Hanna ◽

William H. Romme ◽

Timothy E. Crews

Keyword(s):

Soil Nitrogen ◽

Native Species ◽

National Park ◽

Native Plant ◽

Weed Species ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Weed Invasion ◽

Weed Density ◽

Burned Areas ◽

Mesa Verde

Six large wildfires have burned in Mesa Verde National Park during the last 15 years, and extensive portions of burns were invaded by non-native plant species. The most threatening weed species include Carduus nutans, Cirsium arvense, and Bromus tectorum, and if untreated, they persist at least 13 years. We investigated patterns of weed distribution to identify plant communities most vulnerable to post-fire weed invasion and created a spatially explicit model to predict the most vulnerable sites. At the scale of the entire park, mature piñon–juniper woodlands growing on two soil series were most vulnerable to post-fire weed invasion; mountain shrublands were the least vulnerable. At a finer scale, greater richness of native species was correlated with greater numbers of non-native species, indicating that habitats with high native biodiversity are at the greatest risk of weed invasion. In unburned areas, weed density increased with greater soil nitrogen and phosphorus, and lower salinity. In burned areas weed density correlated with soil nitrogen status and textural class. We also evaluated the effectiveness of a variety of weed mitigation methods; aerial seeding of targeted high-risk areas with native grasses was the most effective treatment tested. We recommend a conservative mitigation plan using natives grass seed on only the most invasible sites.

Download Full-text