Evaluation of the Effect of Cavity Preparation Using Er,Cr:YSGG Laser on Microleakage of Class V Composite Restorations

Background: The application of laser in dentistry for medical purposes such as caries removal, preparation of restorative cavities, and dental surface treatment for more effective bonding of restorative materials to the tooth has been significant. The present experimental study aimed to evaluate the effect of cavity preparation on microleakage by using erbium, chromium-doped yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) lasers, and to compare it with the effect of bur on microleakage in class V composite restorations. Methods: In this experimental study, 20 intact human premolar teeth were randomly divided into 2 equal groups according to the cavity preparation technique: G1: laser cavity preparation (LCP) using a Er,Cr:YSGG laser (Bio Lase, USA), and G2: bur cavity preparation (BCP). Standard class V cavity was prepared on both lingual and buccal surfaces in two groups. The samples underwent thermocycling for 3000 times (5-55ºC) and were immersed in a methylene blue 2% solution for 24 hours. After buccolingual sectioning from the middle of the restoration, a stereomicroscope with 20 x magnification was used to measure the penetration rate of the dye and to determine the score for microleakage. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 16) software and Mann-Whitney U test (α=5%). Results: According to the study results, the minimum and maximum microleakage values were observed in the occlusal and gingival margins, respectively, which were identically for both groups. Comparing two groups (BCP and LCP) revealed that there was no significant difference between them in terms of microleakage values at the occlusal and gingival margins (P>0.05). Conclusions: It was concluded that cavity preparation using Er,cr:YSGG laser had microleakage values similar to those found with conventional cavity preparation (bur) method in class V composite restorations.

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Chlorhexidine's Effect on Sealing Ability of Composite Restorations Following Er:YAG Laser Cavity Preparation

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jcdp-8-5-26 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 26-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Vinicius R. Geraldo-Martins ◽

Fabio R.P. Robles ◽

Adriana B. Matos

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

Er:Yag Laser ◽

Laser Cavity ◽

Adhesive System ◽

Cavity Preparation ◽

Class V ◽

Composite Restorations ◽

Sealing Ability ◽

Composite Resin Restoration ◽

Adhesion Process

Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of chlorhexidine on microleakage of composite restorations in class V cavities prepared with a carbide bur (CB) and a erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser. Methods and Materials Cavity preparations were created on the buccal surfaces of 48 bovine incisors using different methods then equally dividing them into four groups. Groups I and II were prepared with a #56 CB in a high speed handpiece while Groups III and IV were prepared with a Er:YAG laser at 350m J/4Hz on enamel and at 80.24 J/cm2 on dentin. The cavity preparations were rinsed with 2% chlorhexidine solution before the application of Clearfill SE Bond system and placement of a Z100 composite resin restoration. After 24 hours, the teeth were polished, thermocycled, and sealed with cosmetic varnish. The samples were then immersed in 2% methylene blue for four hours and sectioned in the buccolingual direction to determine the degree of microleakage. Results After statistical analysis (Kruskal-Wallis, p<0.05), no significant differences were verified among the tested groups and between the evaluated cervical or incisal margins of the restoration. Conclusion The use of the chlorhexidine did not interfere with the adhesion process regardless of whether a CB or the Er:YAG laser were used to prepare class V cavities when restored with the tested self-etching adhesive system. Citation Geraldo-Martins VR, Robles FRP, Matos AB. Chlorhexidine's Effect on Sealing Ability of Composite Restorations Following Er:YAG Laser Cavity Preparation. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 July;(8)5:026-033.

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Microleakage Evaluation of Composite Restorations Following Papain-Based Chemo-Mechanical Caries Removal in Primary Teeth

Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.17796/1053-4628-41.1.53 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 53-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Marwa Abdel Hafez ◽

Mona Elkateb ◽

Sonia El Shabrawy ◽

Amel Mahmoud ◽

Omar El Meligy

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Microscopy Study ◽

Hybrid Layer ◽

Composite Restorations ◽

Nail Polish ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Drilling Method ◽

Caries Removal ◽

Scanning Electron

Aim: To evaluate the microleakage of composite restorations following Papain-based chemo-mechanical caries removal compared to the conventional drilling method. The characteristic of the hybrid layer was also studied using scanning electron microscopy. Study design: The sample included thirty freshly extracted and exfoliated primary molars with open proximal carious dentin lesions. Teeth were divided into two equal groups, according to method of caries removal. Following caries removal, cavity preparations were restored with composite resin. After thermocycling, teeth were sealed apically and coated with nail polish except the surface of restorations and the surrounding 1mm. Teeth were immersed in basic fuschin dye solution, then they were sectioned mesiodistally. The extent of dye penetration was detected using a light stereomicroscope. After microleakage test, the resin/dentin interface was examined using scanning electron microscopy. Results: There was no significant difference in the degree of leakage between both groups. In the Papacarie group, longer and numerous resin tags were observed with statistically significant thicker hybrid layer than those following the drilling method. However, there was no significant difference between the diameters of resin tags of both groups. Conclusions: Papacarie does not adversely affect the microleakage of composite restorations and provides a suitable surface for bonding.

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Effect of Proteolytic Agents on Microleakage of Etch and Rinse Adhesive Systems

Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences ◽

10.20396/bjos.v16i0.8651051 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Shahin Kasraei ◽

Ebrahim Yarmohammadi ◽

Maryam Farhadian ◽

Mona Malek

Keyword(s):

Phosphoric Acid ◽

Nd:Yag Laser ◽

Control Group ◽

Single Bond ◽

Adhesive Systems ◽

Class V ◽

Dentin Surface ◽

Composite Restorations ◽

Etch And Rinse ◽

Significant Difference

Objective: this study aimed to assess the effect of treatment of phosphoric acid etched dentin surface with 5% bromelain enzyme and Nd:YAG laser prior to the use of etch and rinse adhesive systems on microleakage margins of class V composite restorations. Materials and Methods: sixty sound premolar teeth were selected. Standard class V cavities were prepared in the buccal and lingual surfaces of each teeth. Preparation in that way 1 mm of the cavity was above and 1 mm of it was below the cementoenamel junction. The teeth were then randomly divided into three groups including 20 teeth(40cavities in each gorup). Two ethanol base etch and rinse system (Adper Single Bond and OptiBond Solo) was applied in each group. In the control group, cavities were etched with 37% phosphoric acid. Adper Single Bond was applied to 20 and OptiBond Solo was applied to the remaining 20 cavities and they were restored with Z250 composite (n=40). The same procedures were performed in bromelain and Nd:YAG laser groups with the difference that prior to the application of adhesive, aqueous 5% bromelain was applied in bromelain group while Nd:YAG laser was irradiated in laser group. All teeth were thermocycled and their apices were sealed with sticky wax. The tooth surfaces were coated with nail varnish except for 1 mm around the restoration margins, and the teeth were then immersed in fuchsine and sectioned by a diamond disc into mesial and distal halves. Marginal microleakage at both sides was determined and scored under a stereomicroscope at x40 magnification. Then data were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney tests (α=0.05). Results: according the result of Mann Whitney test, Cervical margins showed significantly higher microleakage than the occlusal margins (P=0.000) but no significant difference was noted in microleakage of occlusal (P=0.362) or gingival (P=0.147) margins among the three groups by Kruskal Wallis test. Conclusion: in conclusion, application of proteolytic agents(5% bromelain solution and Nd:YAG laser) on acid-etched dentin surface prior to the application of adhesive has no significant effect on marginal microleakage of class V composite restorations.

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Dissemination of Aerosol and Splatter in Clinical Environment during Cavity Preparation: An In Vitro Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18073773 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (7) ◽

pp. 3773

Author(s):

Muhammad Adeel Ahmed ◽

Rizwan Jouhar

Keyword(s):

Health Care Workers ◽

Filter Paper ◽

High Volume ◽

Dental Practice ◽

Cavity Preparation ◽

Class V ◽

Filter Paper Disc ◽

Care Workers ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Paper Disc

Dental health care workers around the world are in a constant state of fear and anxiety because they work in a constrained space of the dental practice. During routine dental procedures, they are exposed to aerosol and splatter. These airborne particles pose a great risk of transmitting contagious infections to health care workers and patients, especially in an era of social distancing due to COVID-19. The current study was conducted to evaluate contamination amount, duration, the distance of aerosol, and splatter produced after cavity preparation using a two-hole and four-hole handpiece. The study was performed on a dental manikin in a dental simulation laboratory at the College of Dentistry, King Faisal University Al Ahsa. The dental manikin was set to a reclined position to simulate the clinical operatory position of the patient for dental restorative procedures. Aerosol and splatter were collected on Grade 1 qualitative cotton cellulose filter paper. These were placed on adhesive tape extending from the headrest of the dental manikin in six different directions (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 o’clock) for up to 60 inches and on certain positions of the operator and assistant such as the chest, head, forearms, upper leg, and inside facemask. Class V cavity preparation was done by the principal investigator at a specific time of 3 min on tooth #11 using a two-hole high-speed handpiece, then on the next day, Class V cavity preparation was performed on tooth #21 by a four-hole handpiece. High volume suction was used throughout the cavity preparation. Immediately after cavity preparation, the first filter paper disc was replaced with new ones in all positions. The second set of filter papers was removed after 30 min. Transparent grids were used to count the contamination area on the filter paper disc. No statistically significant difference was found in the mean amount of aerosol and splatter produced by both handpieces, however, a statistically significant difference was found in an amount of aerosol and splatter produced at a 12, 24, and 36 inches distance immediately after cavity preparation and 30 min after cavity preparation, regardless of the type of handpiece used. It is advisable to refrain from removing the personal protective barriers immediately after the procedure within the vicinity of the dental practice. The use of other adjuncts such as high volume suction to reduce the spread of aerosol and splatter is also recommended.

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Effects of Load Cycling on the Microleakage of Beveled and Nonbeveled Margins in Class V Resin-Based Composite Restorations

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jcdp-11-5-25 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 25-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hamideh Ameri ◽

Marjaneh Ghavamnasiri ◽

Ehsan Abdoli

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

Class V ◽

Significance Level ◽

Gingival Margin ◽

Composite Restorations ◽

Nail Polish ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Load Cycling ◽

Composite Restoration

Abstract Aim This study evaluated the influence of mechanical loading and thermocycling on microleakage of class V resin-based composite restorations with and without enamel bevel. Methods and Materials Sixty class V cavity preparations measuring 3.0 mm wide (mesiogingivally) x 2.0 mm high (occluso-gingivally) x 1.5 mm deep with the occlusal margin in enamel and the gingival margin in cementum were prepared on the buccal surfaces of human premolars using a #12 diamond round bur (Drendel & Zweiling Diamant GmbH, Lemgo, Germany) in a high-speed, water-cooled handpiece. The specimens were then divided into two groups of 30 specimens each, based on the type of enamel cavosurface margin configuration as beveled or nonbeveled (butt joint). After restoring the preparations with a flowable resin-based composite (Tetric Flow, Ivoclar Vivadent-AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein) and finishing and polishing with sequential discs (Sof-Lex Pop-on, 3M-ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA), the teeth were stored at 37°C and 100 percent humidity. Twenty-four hours later, half of the specimens in each group (nonbeveled “N” or beveled “B”) were exposed to a cycling loading for 250,000 cycles to simulate occlusal loading and assigned to two subgroups (NL+ or BL+), while the remainder of the specimens in each group were only maintained in a 100-percent-humidity environment, without any cyclical loading, until tested (NL– or BL–). The specimens were sealed with sticky wax (Kemdent, Associated Dental Products, Swindon, UK) and nail polish. The apical foramen of each tooth was sealed with sticky wax and the rest of the tooth was covered with nail varnish, except for an area within 1.0 mm around the composite restoration. To detect marginal leakage, all of the samples were stored in a 0.5 percent basic fuchsine solution for 24 hours. The specimens were then sectioned longitudinally using a low-speed diamond blade (IsoMet, Buehler Ltd., Lake Bluff, IL, USA), machined, and evaluated under 25X magnification using a stereomicroscope (M9, Wild Heerbrugg, Switzerland). The specimens were scored on a scale from 1 to 4 on the degree of dye penetration. The qualitative data were analyzed by the Mann- Whitney U test at a 5 percent significance level (p<0.05). The null hypothesis of this study was that there is no difference in microleakage between beveled and nonbeveled class V buccal preparations in premolar teeth restored with resinbased composite and subjected to simulated occlusal loading and thermocycling. Results In each group the gingival margin showed significantly more microleakage than the enamel margin (p<0.05). Load cycling did not result in an increase in microleakage in nonbeveled (p=0.259) or in beveled (p=0.053) occlusal margins. However, the gingival margins showed a statistically significant difference in microleakage after load cycling whether in cavities with enamel occlusal bevel (p=0.004) or in groups without a bevel. This means the enamel margin configuration of the enamel occlusal margin had no effect on decreasing microleakage in the gingival aspect of class V composite restorations. In general, the nonbeveled preparations in this study had significantly less microleakage than the bevel specimens whether they were loaded occlusally or not (p=0.001). Clinical Significance Within the limitations of this in vitro study, no benefit was derived from placing an enamel cavosurface bevel on the occlusal margin of a standardized class V composite restoration located at the cementoenamel junction. The most important consideration is to prevent microleakage along the gingival margin regardless of whether the occlusal enamel margin is beveled. Citation Ameri H, Ghavamnasiri M, Abdoli E. Effects of load cycling on the microleakage of beveled and nonbeveled occlusal margins in class V resin-based composite restorations. J Contemp Dent Pract [Internet]. 2010 October; 11(5):025- 032. Available from: http://www.thejcdp.com/ journal/view/volume11-issue5-ghavamnasiri

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The effect of a light source with reduced irradiance on the marginal seal in class V cavities

Stomatoloski glasnik Srbije ◽

10.2298/sgs0804229g ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 55 (4) ◽

pp. 229-237

Author(s):

Natasa Gajic ◽

Zeljka Kojic ◽

Aleksandra Djeri ◽

Radmila Arbutina ◽

Zorica Trnic

Keyword(s):

Light Sources ◽

Dental Practice ◽

Human Teeth ◽

Class V ◽

Dye Penetration ◽

Composite Restorations ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Light Curing ◽

Argon Lasers ◽

Carious Teeth

Introduction: During composite polymerisation, material contraction occurs and leads to microgap formation. Various light sources are used in everyday dental practice for the polymerisation of composite restorations: conventional halogen, xenon, LED light curing units (LCUs) and argon lasers. Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of an LED LCU with reduced irradiance on the marginal seal of different composite restorations. Material and Method: The study was conducted on 40 extracted human teeth (intact and carious). Class V cavities were prepared on all teeth. Cavities were filled with either Filtek Supreme -3M (20 teeth) or Luksogal - Galenika (20 teeth) and polymerisation was done using an LED source with reduced irradiance (90 mW/cm2). Microleakage was tested using the dye penetration method with silver nitrate. Dye penetration was assessed using a stereo loupe with a microscale and x6 magnification. Results: The obtained results suggested that greater dye penetration occurred in samples restored with Luksogal. There was a statistically significant difference between occlusal (27.00) and gingival (36.90) margins (p<0.05). Dye penetration was observed in all intact and carious teeth restored with Filtek Supreme on both gingival and occlusal margins. A statistically significant difference was observed between gingival (22.90) and occlusal (15.50) margins (p<0.01). Conclusion: Microgaps were observed in all teeth irrespective of the type of composite material used for restoration.

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Influence of laser deproteinization of acid-etched dentin on marginal microleakage of class V composite restoration

Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences ◽

10.20396/bjos.v20i00.8660525 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

pp. e210525

Author(s):

Shahin Kasraei ◽

Sogol NejadKarimi ◽

Mona Malek ◽

Mahsa Mohammadi

Keyword(s):

Nd:Yag Laser ◽

Resin Composite ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Control Group ◽

Class V ◽

Composite Restorations ◽

Internal Surfaces ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Laser Group

Aim: Recent reports indicate that deproteinization of acid-etched dentin surface can extend penetration depth of adhesive agents. The main goal of the present research was to investigate the deproteinization effect of Nd:YAG and diode 940 lasers on acid-etched dentin and microleakage grade in class V composite restorations. Methods: 36 extracted human premolar teeth were selected to make standard buccal and lingual class V cavities. These samples were randomly split into three sub-groups: 1.Control group, in which composite was applied for restoration after etch and bonding process without deproteinization; 2.Nd:YAG laser group, in which the teeth were deproteinized with Nd:YAG laser after etching and painting internal surfaces of cavities with Van Geison stain and then composite restorations applied just as control group; 3.Diode laser group, in which the process was similar to Nd:YAG laser group, but instead, diode 940 laser was irradiated. The teeth were bisected into two equal longitudinal buccal and lingual halves. Marginal microleakage of samples was scored by using a stereomicroscope. Kruskal- Wallis, Mann-Whitney U and Fisher’s statistical tests were employed for analysis of the obtained data. Results: A significant reduction in marginal microleakage was observed for both groups treated with laser (Nd:YAG and diode 940)compared to control (p=0.001 & p=0.047). There was no significant difference in marginal microleakage between Nd:YAG laser and diode 940groups (P = 0.333). Conclusion: Nd:YAG and diode 940 laser deproteinization of acid-etched dentin decreased the marginal microleakage of in-vitro class V resin composite restorations.

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Does Er,Cr:YSGG reduce the microleakage of restorations when used for cavity preparation? a systematic review and meta-analysis

10.21203/rs.2.13496/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Yali Zhang ◽

Wenfei Chen ◽

Jinrui Zhang ◽

Yanhui Li

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Acid Etching ◽

Cavity Preparation ◽

Preparation Methods ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Etch And Rinse ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Caries Removal ◽

Self Etch

Abstract Background: As the member of erbium laser family, Erbium, Chromium: Yttrium Scandium Gallium Garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) has obtained the approval for caries removal and cavity preparation by Food and Drug Administration (FDA). However, there is still controversy over the beneficial effects of Er,Cr:YSGG preparations on microleakage. The present study is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the microleakage of cavities prepared by Er,Cr:YSGG lasers with that by traditional burs. In addition, the effect of acid etching on the adhesive potential of self-etch and etch-and-rinse adhesives was assessed after laser preparation. Methods: An electronic search was performed in Pubmed, EBSCO, Embase, and the Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials (CENTRAL). Results: Totally, 357 articles were identified. Finally, 13 met the inclusion criteria, of which 11 were selected for meta-analysis. All the included studies exhibited a moderate risk of bias. Based on the meta-analysis, no significant difference was observed between the Er,Cr:YSGG and traditional bur groups in terms of the incidence of microleakage. Self-etch adhesives, in combination with prior acid etching, showed less microleakage than those without acid etching in the laser-prepared cavities. Conclusions: Current studies do not support the beneficial effects of Er,Cr:YSGG preparations on microleakage. Additional acid etching with self-etching adhesives is recommended after Er,Cr:YSGG preparations. Further high-quality studies are needed to draw a convincing conclusion in the future.

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Effect of halogene light source on marginal microleakage of resin composite restorations

Stomatoloski glasnik Srbije ◽

10.2298/sgs1001014g ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

pp. 14-20

Author(s):

Natasa Gajic ◽

Aleksandra Djeri ◽

Zeljka Kojic ◽

Natasa Trtic

Keyword(s):

Composite Materials ◽

Light Source ◽

Resin Composite ◽

Human Teeth ◽

Class V ◽

Composite Restorations ◽

Halogen Light ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Halogen Light Source ◽

Control Light

Introduction. Although the technology of production resin composite materials has been improved in the past years, polymerization shrinkage and microleakage still remain the main problem of the resin composite restorations. The most important issues are polymerization control, light source choice, quality and polymerization technique. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the halogen light source on the marginal microleakage of the resin composite restorations class V. Material and Methods. The study included 40 extracted human teeth (20 intact and 20 with caries lesion). Class V cavity was prepared in each tooth. The light curing unit used in this study had irradiance 540 mW/cm2. Cavities were restored with the two resin composite materials, Filtek Supreme (3M ESPE) and Luksogal - Galenika. Microleakage was determined using colored solution of 50% silver-nitrate. Results were obtained using stereomicroscope with 6 times magnification. Color penetration was evaluated on the occlusal and gingival wall. Results. Linear color penetration was observed in all cavities restored using Luksogal. There was significant difference (p<0.01) in color penetration between the occlusal (20.30 ?m) and gingival wall (34.00 ?m). Color penetration was shown in all cavities prepared on intact and caries teeth and restored using Filtek Supreme. Also, color penetration on the occlusal wall (13.80 ?m) was significantly lower (p<0.01) than the penetration on the gingival wall (33.00 ?m). Conclusion. All the tested cavities showed marginal leakage, regardless the tooth or material used. Greater microleakage was noticed when Luksogal was used.

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The Influence of Composite Resin Type and Light Curing Source on the Microleakage of Composite Restorations

Acta Facultatis Medicae Naissensis ◽

10.2478/afmnai-2018-0036 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 337-344

Author(s):

Stefan Dačić ◽

Tamara Karuntanović ◽

Nikola Miljković ◽

Milica Dačić ◽

Dragica Dačić-Simonović ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Composite Resin ◽

Methylene Blue Solution ◽

Class V ◽

Dye Penetration ◽

Flowable Composite ◽

Composite Restorations ◽

Halogen Light ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Light Curing ◽

Blue Solution

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of composite resin type and light curing source on the microleakage of composite restorations. The material consisted of 48 Class V cavities prepared on 24 extracted human premolars. The cavities were divided into two groups (n = 24), depending on the applied composite resin (flowable Filtek Ultimate vs universal Valux Plus). The division into two subgroups (n = 12) was dependent on the used light curing source (halogen ESPE Elipar Highlight vs LED Twinlex Blue Lex). The evaluation of composite restorations microleakage was performed using the dye penetration method with 1% methylene blue solution. The dye penetration was assessed after the longitudinal cut of the teeth. It was ranked according to the scale of 0-4. The highest microleakage score was in the group with flowable composite and halogen light (2.92 ± 1.16), and the lowest in the group with universal composite and LED light (0.75 ± 1.36). Mann-Whitney test showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the composite restorations microleakage between the following groups: flowable/halogen vs universal/halogen, flowable/LED vs universal/LED and flowable/halogen vs universal/ LED (p < 0.05). It can be concluded that the influence of composite resin type on composite restorations microleakage is higher than of the light curing source.

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