scholarly journals Dissemination of Aerosol and Splatter in Clinical Environment during Cavity Preparation: An In Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3773
Author(s):  
Muhammad Adeel Ahmed ◽  
Rizwan Jouhar
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Dental Practice ◽  
Cavity Preparation ◽  
Class V ◽  
Filter Paper Disc ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Paper Disc

Dental health care workers around the world are in a constant state of fear and anxiety because they work in a constrained space of the dental practice. During routine dental procedures, they are exposed to aerosol and splatter. These airborne particles pose a great risk of transmitting contagious infections to health care workers and patients, especially in an era of social distancing due to COVID-19. The current study was conducted to evaluate contamination amount, duration, the distance of aerosol, and splatter produced after cavity preparation using a two-hole and four-hole handpiece. The study was performed on a dental manikin in a dental simulation laboratory at the College of Dentistry, King Faisal University Al Ahsa. The dental manikin was set to a reclined position to simulate the clinical operatory position of the patient for dental restorative procedures. Aerosol and splatter were collected on Grade 1 qualitative cotton cellulose filter paper. These were placed on adhesive tape extending from the headrest of the dental manikin in six different directions (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 o’clock) for up to 60 inches and on certain positions of the operator and assistant such as the chest, head, forearms, upper leg, and inside facemask. Class V cavity preparation was done by the principal investigator at a specific time of 3 min on tooth #11 using a two-hole high-speed handpiece, then on the next day, Class V cavity preparation was performed on tooth #21 by a four-hole handpiece. High volume suction was used throughout the cavity preparation. Immediately after cavity preparation, the first filter paper disc was replaced with new ones in all positions. The second set of filter papers was removed after 30 min. Transparent grids were used to count the contamination area on the filter paper disc. No statistically significant difference was found in the mean amount of aerosol and splatter produced by both handpieces, however, a statistically significant difference was found in an amount of aerosol and splatter produced at a 12, 24, and 36 inches distance immediately after cavity preparation and 30 min after cavity preparation, regardless of the type of handpiece used. It is advisable to refrain from removing the personal protective barriers immediately after the procedure within the vicinity of the dental practice. The use of other adjuncts such as high volume suction to reduce the spread of aerosol and splatter is also recommended.

scholarly journals In Vivo Study of Aerosol, Droplets and Splatter Reduction in Dentistry

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1928
Author(s):  
Naeemah Noordien ◽  
Suné Mulder-van Staden ◽  
Riaan Mulder
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Workers ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Volume ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Aerosol Droplet ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Air Turbine ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Hoc

Oral health care workers (OHCW) are exposed to pathogenic microorganisms during dental aerosol-generating procedures. Technologies aimed at the reduction of aerosol, droplets and splatter are essential. This in vivo study assessed aerosol, droplet and splatter contamination in a simulated clinical scenario. The coolant of the high-speed air turbine was colored with red concentrate. The red aerosol, droplets and splatter contamination on the wrists of the OHCW and chests of the OHCW/volunteer protective gowns, were assessed and quantified in cm2. The efficacy of various evacuation strategies was assessed: low-volume saliva ejector (LV) alone, high-volume evacuator (HV) plus LV and an extra-oral dental aerosol suction device (DASD) plus LV. The Kruskal–Wallis rank-sum test for multiple independent samples with a post-hoc test was used. No significant difference between the LV alone compared to the HV plus LV was demonstrated (p = 0.372059). The DASD combined with LV resulted in a 62% reduction of contamination of the OHCW. The HV plus LV reduced contamination by 53% compared to LV alone (p = 0.019945). The DASD demonstrated a 50% reduction in the contamination of the OHCWs wrists and a 30% reduction in chest contamination compared to HV plus LV. The DASD in conjunction with LV was more effective in reducing aerosol, droplets and splatter than HV plus LV.

scholarly journals Measuring the Quality of Rural-Based, Government Health Care Workers in Nepal

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Knoble ◽  
Anil Pandit ◽  
Bibek Koirala ◽  
Laxmi Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Clinical Training ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Clinical Teacher ◽  
Government Health ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Key Skills ◽  
Significant Difference

A representative, cross-sectional clinical skills assessment of 163 mid-level, rural-based, government health care workers was conducted in four districts of Nepal in June 2007. All Health Assistants and Auxiliary Healthcare Workers within the target districts were scored using checklists of standardized key skills in clinical encounters with model patients or clinical models. Participant scores were reported as a mean percentage in adult medicine 28(%), pediatric medicine 56(%), maternity medicine 35(%), orthopedic medicine 45(%), clinical procedures 59(%), and management 46(%). This was measured against the government’s 60(%) standard on clinical skills. There was little significant difference between categories of health workers by district of posting or years of experience. There was a minor difference in skills by level of facility - workers in higher level facilities scored better across the domains. Reasons for poor performance in clinical skills were attributed to a lack of clinical in-service training programs, training only focusing on prevention and public health, and poor on-sight supervision. Poor pre-service schooling factors included heavy theory concentration in pathophysiology and inadequate clinical exposure opportunities. Recommendations for the improvement of clinical skills and decision-making include the institution of in-service competency-based training with a high emphasis on real patient exposure. Pre-service recommendations include implementation of a national certification program and an expansion of the current government clinical training sites and clinical teacher development programs.

scholarly journals Incidence of COVID-19 infection amongst the high risk versus low risk health care workers: an audit from a tertiary cancer care centre

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 3474
Author(s):  
Nitin Shetty ◽  
Nivedita Chakrabarty ◽  
Amit Joshi ◽  
Amar Patil ◽  
Suyash Kulkarni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Cancer Care ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Care Centre ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Treatment Research

Background: Theoretically, health care workers (HCW) are at increased risk of getting infected with COVID-19 compared to the general population. Limited data exists regarding the actual incidence of COVID-19 infection amongst the high risk and low risk HCW of the same hospital. We present an audit from our tertiary cancer care centre comparing the COVID-19 infection rate between the high risk and low risk HCW, all of whom had been provided with adequate protective measures and health education.Methods: This is a retrospective observational study from 01 April 2020 to 30 September 2020, in which all the 970 HCW of Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer were divided into high risk and low risk groups. High risk HCW included all the medical and non-medical staff directly involved with the care of COVID-19 patients, and rest were low risk HCW. Adequate protective measures and classes for infection prevention were provided to all the HCW. We calculated the incidence of COVID-19 infection in both these groups based on the positive real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) result and also looked for any significant difference in incidence between these two groups.Results: The incidence of COVID-19 infection amongst the high risk HCW was 13% and that of low risk HCW was 14%.Conclusions: We found no significant difference in COVID-19 infection between the high risk and low risk HCW. Thus, along with protective measures, behavior modifications induced by working in high risk areas, prevented the high risk HCW from getting increased COVID-19 infection compared to the low risk HCW.

Filter Paper Disc Modification of the Oxford Cup Penicillin Determination.

1944 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Vincent ◽  
H. W. Vincent ◽  
J. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Filter Paper Disc ◽  
Paper Disc

scholarly journals Perceptions of Physicians and Allied Health Care Workers of Pharmacists’ Role In Care Optimization for Schizophrenic Patients At Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital Maiduguri, North-Eastern Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
H Yusuf ◽  
A Giwa ◽  
S Mohammed ◽  
SN Aguye Abdu ◽  
FM Dungus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Allied Health ◽  
Allied Health Care ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

Introduction: In clinical practice, it is required that a profession not only clearly describe their own roles and responsibilities to other professionals but should also be aware of other professions’ roles in relation to their own. The objective of this study was to assess the perceptions of physicians and allied health care workers (Other health care professionals) of the roles of pharmacists in optimizing care for schizophrenic patients. Methods: A self-administered 17-item validated questionnaire was distributed to 120 health care professionals working at Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital Maiduguri from September to October 2016. Results obtained were analysed using Chi-square test. Results: Health care professionals mostly had positive perceptions with a statistically significant difference (P< 0.05) across all assessed items. However, competent and knowledge of the pharmacists accounting for 93 (83.8%), involvement of the pharmacist in patient care accounting for 91(82%) and reassuring patients to improve quality of life accounting for 98(88.3%) had the highest number of health care professionals with positive perceptions while documenting patient care, monitoring and reemphasizing physicians instructions had the lowest accounting for 69 (62.2%), 74(66.7%) and 74 (66.7%) respectively in the different sections. Conclusions: The health care professionals surveyed mostly had positive perceptions. Thus, pharmacists can leverage on this to meet their roles in optimizing care for schizophrenic patients. Bangladesh J Medicine Jan 2019; 30(1) : 19-23

Use of a Disc-Assay System to Detect Oxytetracycline Residues in Honey

1986 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 436-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAWRENCE A. ROTH ◽  
SUET KWAN ◽  
PETER SPORNS
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Assay System ◽  
Filter Paper Disc ◽  
Natural Inhibitor ◽  
Osmotic Effects ◽  
Paper Disc ◽  
Disc Assay

A simple inexpensive disc-assay system for detection of oxytetracycline (OTC) in honey was developed. This bioassay involved diluting honey 1:1 (wt/wt) with 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, and applying 90 μl of this solution to a 0.5-in (12.7-mm) filter paper disc placed on Bacillus cereus-inoculated media. This test detected about 0.2 μg OTC/ml (0.4 μg OTC/g honey) without interference from natural antibacterial inhibitors in honey. It was also shown that a variety of materials contributed to the natural inhibitor effect in honey, including materials other than glucose oxidase-derived hydrogen peroxide and the osmotic effects of sugar.

scholarly journals Does Pandemic Anxiety Affect Urology Health Care Workers?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Maria Apfelbeck ◽  
Michael Staehler ◽  
Severin Rodler ◽  
Regina Stredele ◽  
Michael Chaloupka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Stress Level ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perception Of Safety ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Nurses And Physicians

<b><i>Purpose:</i></b> To assess anxiety, stress level, and perception of safety during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in health care workers (HCWs) of one of Germany’s largest urology university clinics. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A cross-sectional study among urological HCWs was performed. HCWs were surveyed for anxiety about the pandemic, stress level and current workload, fear of coronavirus infection, current perception of safety at work, and attitude towards protective equipment and tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Sixty-three HCWs filled in the questionnaire. Overall anxiety of infection with CO­VID-19 is at a median of 4.7 with no statistically significant difference between nurses and physicians (<i>p</i> = 0.0749). Safety at work reaches a median of 6 out of 10. In fact, the highest fear in 56.7% (31/63) of the personnel is to get infected by a colleague tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 despite wearing surgical face masks. A proportion of 55.7 and 74.6% highly favor swabs for SARS-CoV-2 on a regular basis in HCWs and patients, respectively (<i>p</i> = 0.0001). Workload in the urology department is clearly reduced during the pandemic (physicians 39.3% vs. nurses 32.2%, <i>p</i> = 0.0001) and 57.4% do not feel distress at all; only 27.9% express mental distress. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> During the pandemic, urology HCWs perceive lower burden by workload and deem themselves at low risk of infection. However, the greatest anxiety is related to infection by a SARS-CoV-2-positive colleague, despite reciprocal protection by surgical face masks. This highlights a relevant mental stress and uncertainty towards management of infected HCWs, calling for increased education and psychological support.

scholarly journals Perceived Stress among Health Care Workers of an Emerging Infectious Covid-19 Outbreak in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (`1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Shinta Novelia ◽  
Andi Mayasari Usman ◽  
Rian Adi Pamungkas
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: During the pandemic of Covid-19 in the world, frontline health care workers have been responsible for tracing contacts of patients infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It has an impact on mental health of health care workers. This study aimed to investigate the perceived stress among health care workers who work in health care facilities during the COVID-19 outbreak in Indonesia. Material and methods: A cross sectional study designed was applied in this study. The participants were midwives, nurses, pharmacists, pharmacist assistants, physicians, medical record staff, dental nurse, nutritionists and sanitarian. Demographic questionnaire was delivered to assess age, gender, marital status, job, work place and work place province. Personal protective equipment was added to the questionnaire. A perceived stress scale was used to assess perceived stress. Results: Study questionnaires were completed by 196 respondents. The results showed that almost participants had a moderate stress (73%). Most of the subjects were in the age group of 20-30 years old (43.9%). Majority of the participants were female (89.8%). Most of the participants were married (71.4%). In 58.2% of participants’ job was midwife and in 25.5% of the participants’ job was nurse. 50% of the participants worked in Health Centre and 20.9% of the participants worked in referral Covid-19 Hospital. In 26 % of participants work place Province was West Java, 17.9 % of participants work place Province was Banten and 16.3 % of participants work place Province was South Sulawesi. There was a significant difference of participants’ perceived stress in the group of workplace (p = -.023). Conclusion:  The COVID-19 outbreak in Indonesia resulted in increased stress for health care workers in Indonesia. Indonesia governments should improve interventions for preventing the spread of epidemics, promote disease treatment methods, and also offer psychological support especially for health care workers. Keyword: health care worker, covid-19, perceived stress, nurses, outbreak.

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