scholarly journals Microbial Alpha-Amylase Production: Progress, Challenges and Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babak Elyasi Far ◽  
Yassin Ahmadi ◽  
Ahmad Yari Khosroshahi ◽  
Azita Dilmaghani
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Starch Modification ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Production Improvement ◽  
Amylase Production ◽  
Alpha Amylases

Alpha-amylase reputes for starch modification by breaking of 1-4 glycosidic bands and is widely applied in different industrial sectors. Microorganisms express unique alpha-amylases with thermostable and halotolerant characteristics dependent on the microorganism’s intrinsic features. Likewise, genetic engineering methods are applied to produce enzymes with higher stability in contrast to wild types. As there are widespread application of α-amylase in industry, optimization methods like RSM are used to improve the production of the enzyme ex vivo. This study aimed to review the latest researches on the production improvement and stability of α-amylase.

Alpha-Amylase/Trypsin Inhibitors, novel activators of innate immunity in ex-vivo tissue explants

2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (08) ◽  
Author(s):  
V Zevallos ◽  
P Olinga ◽  
Y Junker ◽  
PB Tung ◽  
N Volz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitors ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Tissue Explants ◽  
Ex Vivo Tissue

scholarly journals 2173 RNA-nanoparticles to enhance and track dendritic cell migration

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (S1) ◽  
pp. 26-26
Author(s):  
Adam J. Grippin ◽  
Elias J. Sayour ◽  
Brandon Wummer ◽  
Adam Monsalve ◽  
Tyler Wildes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cell Tracking ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Cationic Lipids ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Vaccine Site ◽  
Stimulatory Capacity

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Despite aggressive chemotherapy, surgical resection, and radiation therapy, glioblastoma remains almost universally fatal. In a pilot, randomized, and blinded clinical trial, we recently demonstrated that administration of RNA-loaded DC vaccines was associated with significantly improved progression-free and overall survival in patients with glioblastoma (Mitchell et al., Nature, 2015). Furthermore, clinical outcomes correlated with DC migration to vaccine-site draining lymph nodes measured by Indium-111 labeling of RNA-loaded DCs and SPECT/CT imaging. Although these studies demonstrated that tracking DC migration may be an important clinical biomarker for response to DC vaccination, the complexity and regulatory requirements associated with nuclear labelling to track DC migration limits widespread application of this technique. We have therefore developed RNA-loaded magnetic nanoparticles (RNA-NPs) to enhance DC migration to LNs and track that migration with a widely available imaging modality (i.e., MRI). METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Cationic liposomes were loaded with iron oxide nanoparticles with or without cholesterol. The resulting nanoparticles were complexed with RNA and used to transfect DCs ex vivo. RNA-NP-loaded DsRed+ DCs were then injected intradermally into mice and tracked noninvasively with T2-weighted 11T MRI before excision and quantification with flow cytometry. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: In vitro experiments demonstrate that iron oxide loading does not reduce RNA-NP-mediated transfection of DCs. Additionally, replacement of cationic lipids with cholesterol increased RNA-NP transfection of the DC2.4 cell line and enhanced the T cell stimulatory capacity of treated bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). Compared to electroporation, RNA-NPs enhanced DC migration to lymph nodes and reduced T2 MRI intensity in DC-bearing lymph nodes. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: This data suggests that iron oxide-loaded RNA-NPs enable noninvasive cell tracking with MRI and enhance DC migration to lymph nodes. We have further shown that inclusion of cholesterol in RNA-NPs augments the stimulatory capacity of transfected DCs. Future work will consider effects of RNA-NPs on antitumor immune responses and the utility of MRI-detected DC migration as a biomarker of vaccine efficacy.

Investigations on Three-Roll Bending of Plain Tubular Components

2009 ◽  
Vol 410-411 ◽  
pp. 325-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Merklein ◽  
Hinnerk Hagenah ◽  
Massimo Cojutti
Keyword(s):  
Material Behavior ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Numerical Investigations ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Roll Bending ◽  
First Results ◽  
Bending Radius ◽  
High Flexibility

Bent metal tubes find a widespread application in many industrial sectors. Among different bending processes developed for the manufacturing of these components, three-roll bending is characterized by a high flexibility, as only one toolkit per tube diameter is necessary to form the required bending radius. In this type of forming process the part geometry is obtained by means of a relative movement of the die (setting roll) towards the fixed tools (bending and holding roll) with simultaneous feeding of the tube. This study describes the FE-model developed for the three-roll bending and presents first results of numerical investigations conducted on steel tubes made of carbon steel St37. By the FE-analysis great attention is paid on the modeling of the stiffness of the tool, on the description of the kinematics of the setting roll as well as on the characterization of the material behavior for the simulation. The results of the numerical investigations are compared with experiments conducted with a CNC-bending machine available at the Chair of Manufacturing Technology of the University of Erlangen. As a main criterion for the validation of the FE-model the radius of the tube at the extrados and the bending angle are chosen. The geometry of the part is measured by means of both optical and tactile measuring devices.

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