scholarly journals Periodontal status associated with dual habits of smoking and smokeless tobacco use: A cross-sectional study in young adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Ahad ◽  
Afshan Bey ◽  
Saif Khan ◽  
Mohammad Sami Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Gingival Recession ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poor Oral Hygiene ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Periodontal Status ◽  
Established Risk Factor

Background: Tobacco smoking is an established risk factor for periodontitis. However, few studies have evaluated the periodontal status of smokeless tobacco (SLT) users, while that of individuals with dual habit has largely been unexplored. The current study aimed to find if the periodontal status in individuals with dual habits of smoking and SLT use is different from those with any single habit. Methods: Four groups (A: exclusive smokers, B: exclusive tobacco chewers, C: individuals with dual habits, and D: non-users of tobacco), each comprising 75 males in the age group of 20-35 years, were selected. Along with the history of tobacco use, a modified oral hygiene index (OHI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and the number of teeth with gingival recession (GR) were recorded. The data were assessed using the Chi-square test, one-way ANOVA, and logistic regression. Results: Group C had the highest mean OHI scores, with 94.66% of participants having poor oral hygiene (OHI>3.0). The prevalence of severe gingivitis (GI>2.0) was significantly lower among exclusive smokers (group A) and those with dual habits (group C) when compared to the other two groups. As much as 60% of group C participants were found to have average PD in the range of 4-6 mm, while deeper average PD (>6 mm) was most common among smokers. The highest risk of having a tooth with GR was also associated with the dual habit (OR = 4.33, 95% CI = 3.24 - 5.76) when compared with the non-users. Conclusion: While both forms of tobacco were associated with poor periodontal status, the additive effect of smoking and SLT use was evident in almost all parameters, more so with poor oral hygiene and the prevalence of gingival recession. These findings emphasize that individuals with dual habits have an additional risk for periodontal destruction.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Gingival Recession and its Relationship to Past Orthodontic Treatment in Nepalese Young Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Bhageshwar Dhami ◽  
Priti Shrestha ◽  
Sujaya Gupta ◽  
Sujita Shrestha ◽  
Rabindra Man Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Gingival Recession ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Gingival Tissue ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test

Introduction: Gingival recession is characterized by apical migration of gingival margin from the cementoenamel junction. Prevalence varies from 3-100%, and appears to be lower in younger age groups.Objective: To determine the prevalence and severity of gingival recession in young adult Nepalese population and to assess the relationship between brushing technique, smoking habit and past orthodontic treatment with gingival recession.Materials & Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 160 healthy patients (age 18-25 years) with routine dental examinations and information regarding age, smoking habit, oral hygiene habits, brushing technique and past orthodontic treatment. Clinical examination included visible gingival inflammation, visible dental plaque, and gingival recession. SPSS version 20 was used to analyze the data. Chi-Square test was used to evaluate relationships between the variables.Result: Out of total participants; gingival recession was found in 21.3%, gingivitis in 40% and plaque in 20%. The prevalence, extent, and severity of recession were correlated with past orthodontic treatment. There was association between gingivitis, past orthodontic treatment and smoking with gingival recession.Conclusion: Orthodontic patients must undergo regular oral hygiene performance and periodontal maintenance in order to maintain healthy gingival tissue during active orthodontic therapy. The combined orthodontic-periodontic interdisciplinary approach could be effective in these situations.Orthodontic Journal of Nepal, Vol. 6 No. 1, June 2016, pp.7-11

scholarly journals Relationship between oral candidiasis and users of dental prostheses

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ana de Lourdes Sá de Lira ◽  
Aline Cardoso Torres
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Poor Oral Hygiene ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Prostheses ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Treat All

Aim: To investigate the relationship between oral candidiasis and users of dental prostheses. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out which the inclusion of adults and elderly people of both genders using dental prostheses. Lectures were given with guidelines on oral hygiene techniques and dental prostheses, preventive measures of candidiasis, highlighting their influence on the oral and general health of the individual for the 240 users of dental prostheses. Of this number, 153 did not want to participate in the clinical examination. Signals and symptoms were analyzed in 87 patients, and lesions were present in only 21, and a cytological complement of the lesions was performed. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 15.0 with Chi-square (χ2 ) test at p < 0.05. Results: The 21 patients presented oral candidiasis, with erythematous (prosthetic) stomatitis being the most prevalent. There was a correlation between the presence of Candida and the use of prostheses (p- value 0.00*). Candidiasis was associated with poorly adapted prostheses, poor oral hygiene, inadequate prostheses and prolonged use of them. Conclusion: There was a correlation between oral candidiasis and users of dental prostheses. The most prevalent type of candidiasis was erythematous stomatitis (prosthetic), and nystatin was used to treat all cases. The preventive activities carried out were extremely important, since patients were not aware of oral candidiasis and the factors that trigger it, such as poor oral hygiene and dental prostheses.

scholarly journals Evaluation of clinical performance and survival rate of Straumann dental implants in Saudi Population based on cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reham AL Jasser ◽  
Mohammed AlSarhan ◽  
Dalal Alotaibi ◽  
Saleh Aloraini ◽  
Pradeep Koppolu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Poor Oral Hygiene ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Keratinized Tissue

AbstractRisk indicators of peri-implantitis is still contradictory and somehow unclear in present literature therefore efforts should be done for better understanding of the exact etiology of peri-implant disease progression. The present study aimed to assess risk indicators associated with peri-implantitis by observing the changes in several periodontal parameters after implant placement. This cross-sectional study included 213 female and 271 male patients aged 26–87 years, who received 484 titanium implants (Straumann, Switzerland) at King Saud University’s Dental College, Saudi Arabia. Patients were called for dental visits. During these visits; full clinical and radiographic assessment of implants were done. The periodontal pocket depth (PPD) was greater around implants placed at grafted sites than non-grafted sites and around bone-level implants than tissue-level implants. The plaque index (PI) was associated with poor oral hygiene. There was a strong association between graft (yes/no) and bleeding on probing (BOP). Patients with good oral hygiene showed high radiographic bone stability. Keratinized tissue width < 2 mm was associated with a higher PPD, higher PI, higher BOP, more edematous gingiva, and more exposed implant threads on radiography. In patients receiving implants, poor oral hygiene status and inadequate keratinized tissue level can be proposed as risk indicators for developing periimplantitis due to strong association found between them and developments of peri-implantitis.

scholarly journals Oral Hygiene Status, Periodontal Status, and Periodontal Treatment Needs among Institutionalized Intellectually Disabled Subjects in Kolhapur District, Maharashtra, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilima S. Kadam ◽  
Rahul Patil ◽  
Abhijit N. Gurav ◽  
Yojana Patil ◽  
Abhijeet Shete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Periodontal Treatment ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stepwise Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Periodontal Status ◽  
Periodontal Index ◽  
Community Periodontal Index

The aim of the study was to determine influence of intellectually disability (ID) on oral hygiene status (OHS), periodontal status (PS), and periodontal treatment needs (PTNs) and investigate the association of these clinical parameters with various sociodemographic and clinical variables among multicentric institutionalized ID subjects aged 5–55 years in Kolhapur district, Maharashtra, India. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted by both questionnaire and clinical examination. OHS, PS, and PTNs of these subjects were assessed by recording Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) and Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs, respectively. Analysis of variance and multiple logistic and stepwise linear regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. Of the 576 subjects examined, the mean age of the subjects was 17.50 ± 7.4 years. Subjects with profound level of ID had the highest mean OHI-S, PS, and PTNs scores of 4.47 ± 1.04, 2.84 ± 0.78, and 2.25 ± 0.44, respectively, as compared with other ID groups (P<0.0001). The present study signified that ID subjects had poor OHS and PS with the highest PTNs and were influenced by age (P<0.0001), degree of ID (P<0.0001), SES, location, institution type, and parent’s level education. The present study underlines a considerable need for prevention and treatment of periodontal disease among ID subjects in India.

scholarly journals Oral Hygiene Practice And Perceived Oral Malodour Among Dental And Medical Undergraduate Students Of Bahria University Medical And Dental College

2018 ◽  
Vol 08 (04) ◽  
pp. 221-225
Author(s):  
Beenish Fatima Alam ◽  
Hira Raza ◽  
Shizma junejo ◽  
Marium Azfar ◽  
Tuba Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Undergraduate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Medical Undergraduate Students

Objective: To determine the differences of self-perception of halitosis and oral hygiene practices among the medical and dental undergraduate students. Methodology: A cross-sectional study conducted over duration of 9 months amongst the medical and dental undergraduate students of Bahria University Medical and Dental College. The questionnaires were distributed to 298 students. Questionnaire employed for this study was adopted and modified from the study conducted by Khalid Almas et al. Descriptive statistics were checked by means of percentages and frequency for all variables. Chi-square test was applied to check significant difference among the responses given by the medical and dental undergraduate students. Results: The response rate for the survey was about 85%. 55% of dental and 17 % of medical students were able to smell their breath. About having examination by dentist about 73% of medical students agreed as compared to 53% of dental students. Both medical and dental students preferred having examination done by the dentist. For management of halitosis, dentist was preferred by 62% of the dental students, while 97% of the medical students did not agree. 62% of the dental students preferred using traditional medications, while 82% of the medical students preferred using self-medications for treatment. Conclusion: The results suggest that there is not a high level of agreement among dental and medical students concerning the detection and management of halitosis. Although large percent of the respondents claimed to be aware of dentistry, our findings revealed low level of knowledge and attitude to Dentistry by the medical undergraduate students. Efforts should be made towards closing this knowledge gap to attain effective oral health.

scholarly journals Oral Hygiene and Tobacco Use Practices in Rural Villages of Jhapa District, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
Bishal Babu Basnet ◽  
Khem Raj Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sociodemographic Variables ◽  
Dental Floss ◽  
Rural Villages

Background: Smoking and use of smokeless tobacco affect oral as well as general health. People are reluctant to achieve good oral health in lieu of the avoidance of deleterious habits. The objective of this study was to analyze two contrasting health behaviors; the oral hygiene practices against tobacco use in a sample from eastern Terai.Methods: This is questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey carried out in Jhapa district located in eastern Nepal. In this report, practice of toothbrushing, use of fluoridated toothpaste, frequency of using tobacco related products (paan, gutkha, chilim, cigarette, bidi, hukkah) was assessed. Association of health behavior to sociodemographic variables were tested with regression analysis at 95% confidence limits.Results: A total of 1178 respondents (response rate = 96.8%) completed the interview, among them 80.8% were males. Mean age was 52.21 years (SD = 15.943). Overall 72.6% used fluoridated toothpaste and toothbrush for cleaning teeth, 58.8% consumed tobacco related products. Interdental aids utilization was very less (1.2% using dental floss). Age was significantly related to both toothbrushing and tobacco-consuming. Educational status was related significantly to toothbrushing (p<0.05). Other sociodemographic variables (marital status, ethnicity, educational status) were not related to consumption of deleterious products (p>0.05).Conclusions: Our results showed that consumption of tobacco related products is moderately high in Terai village and oral health practice was found to be influenced by educational status. More such studies to identify status of oral health and impact of tobacco are recommended.Keywords: Oral health; smokeless tobacco; smoking; tobacco

scholarly journals Snacking Behaviour and Its Determinants among College-Going Students in Coastal South India

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasanna Mithra ◽  
Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan ◽  
Rekha Thapar ◽  
Nithin Kumar ◽  
Sharana Hegde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Established Risk Factor ◽  
College Going ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level

Background. Consumption of snacks in between the regular meals is a poor snacking behaviour. It is an established risk factor for several lifestyle-related disorders and has long-term effects among the younger individuals. Objectives. To study the snacking behaviour and to assess their determinants among college-going students. Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 865 college-going students in Mangaluru. Data were collected using a pretested pro forma that was coded and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 11.5. The chi-square test and random-effect logistic regression analyses were used. Results. Overall, there were 52.4% females and 47.6% males, and 76.8% of them were aged <20 years. More than half of the participants (54.3%) had the habit of snacking in between regular meals. Among them, a large proportion (78.7%) did not have any specific timings for snacking. Also, 51.1% of the students were snacking while watching TV, and 31.9% of them snacked while studying. Breakfast was the most commonly skipped meal (26.2%); of those missing the breakfast regularly, 123 (71.9%) had poor snacking behaviour. A significantly larger proportion of males had a higher frequency of snacking per day (69.3% versus 57.2%, p<0.0001) and consumed aerated drinks more frequently (22.6% versus 15.8%, p=0.011), skipped meals more often (58.6% versus 50.6%, p=0.022), and preferred adding fruits in snacks (78.1% versus 69.4%, p=0.005). Snacking frequency was proportionately higher among students of private colleges (73.6%) than that in the government colleges (55.1%). Participants from nonscience stream, nonvegetarians, and those with a tendency to skip the regular meals had significantly higher levels of poor snacking behaviour. Conclusions. The study population had a high level of poor snacking behaviour. Appropriate measures are needed among younger people to follow fixed eating patterns and avoid skipping of regular meals.

scholarly journals PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DA CÁRIE DENTÁRIA, CONDIÇÕES PERIODONTAIS E HIGIENE ORAL EM ESCOLARES DO MUNICÍPIO DE CAAPORÃ - PB, BRASIL

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Leonel Martins ◽  
George Max de Oliveira Cartaxo ◽  
Wilton Wilney Nascimento Padilha
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Caries Prevalence ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Periodontal Index ◽  
Community Periodontal Index ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Oral Conditions

OBJECTIVE: Analyze the oral health conditions of Caaporã-PB students in the dental caries prevalence, periodontal changes and quality of oral hygiene. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A cross-sectional study with 320 students in the ages of 5, 12 and 15 to 19 years with 62, 112 and 146 students, respectively was conducted. The confidence level was 95%, with a 5% margin of error and the sample wasn’t randomly selected. The dmft and DMFT indices for decayed, missing and filled teeth, the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (SOHI), and Community Periodontal Index (CPI) to assess bleeding gingival and teeth calculus were employed. A descriptive and inferential analysis of the data with Chi-square test (α=0.05) was conducted. RESULTS: The dmft was 3.69+4.71 at 5 years and 42% hadn’t caries experience. The DMFT was obtained, respectively, 2.44+2.60 and 3.73+3.28 at 12 and 15 to 19 years, with 20.6% and 17.1% without caries experience. The median of SOHI was 1.16±0.51 and there wasn’t difference in relation to caries (p>0.05). It was found that 90.1% of students with gum bleeding and 85.7% with teeth calculus had DMFT>1 (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The caries prevalence was considered high at 5 years, low to 12 and mean at 15 to 19 years. Oral hygiene was classified as regular, being more deficient in children of 5 years. There was association (p<0.05) between decay and gum bleeding conditions (OR=3.117, CI=1.332-7.296) and dental calculus (OR=1.983, CI=1.027-3.829). These results allow the directing of health actions and therefore obtain better oral conditions.

scholarly journals Oral hygiene behaviour and practices of urban slum population: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 4423
Author(s):  
Shriprasad B. Alure ◽  
Arun S. Dodamani ◽  
Prashanthkumar Vishwakarma ◽  
Vardhaman M. Jain ◽  
Gaurav V. Mali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Poor Oral Hygiene ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hygiene Behaviour ◽  
Slum Population

Background: Poor oral hygiene is a major etiological factor for oral diseases. Urban slums are identified as a risk group population as the burden of oral diseases is high among them. So, the aim of the study was to evaluate oral hygiene status among the urban slum population.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 480 urban slum people aged between 18 to 75 years. A cluster random sampling method was adopted. Data were collected by structured questionnaire. The questionnaire included information related to patient’s knowledge, attitude, and practices related to their oral hygiene. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data.Results: The majority of people brushed their teeth once a daily (58.3%) by using a toothbrush and toothpaste (65%) followed by mishri and charcoal. 81.7% of people did not use any other oral hygiene aid. The majority of people did not use interdental aids, tongue cleaner, mouthwash. The majority of people (72%) know the harmful effect of tobacco still they consume various forms of tobacco. The results showed an acute lack of oral hygiene awareness and practices as well as the effect of poor oral hygiene on systemic health.Conclusions: There is a need to educate the urban slum population regarding proper dental care, oral hygiene methods, and prevention of dental diseases through dentists, outreach programs, effective oral health education, and promotion programs to make healthy individuals and healthy society.

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