Prevalence of biologic, behavioral and psychosocial determinant of tuberculosis in tuberculosis patients of Semnan city; a five-year cross-sectional study

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most common and lethal infectious diseases. Objectives: Due to the impact of biological, behavioral, socio-economic factors on the incidence of TB and the risks of the disease, we aimed to investigate the factors affecting TB in TB patients in Semnan. Patients and Methods: All patients with confirmed TB, who were referred to primary healthcare centers in Semnan for receiving medication, enrolled in the study (2012 to 2016). Data collected from clinical records and in-person interviews. The questionnaire consisted of two parts; the first part was demographic data and the other was related to the risk factors for TB. Results: The household crowding index was 1.86 ± 0.88. Most of patients (48.1%) were elderly (≥60 years old), female (59.7%), housewife (48.1%), had a pre-diploma education (63.6%), low-monthly income (62.3%) and married (63.6%). Around13.0% had diabetes. 20.8% drug abuser, 16.9% cigarettes and tobacco smokers, and 1.3% consumed alcoholic beverages. Besides, 40.3% were Afghans and 1.3% had the Pakistani nation. Conclusion: Identifying and controlling the social, geographical and biological factors affecting the incidence and mortality of TB in different regions can help to formulate appropriate strategies for achieving global goals. These factors differ among native and non-native population.

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Alcohol Use and Its Associated Factors among Adolescents Aged 15–19 Years at Governmental High Schools of Aksum Town, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2019: A Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of Addiction ◽

10.1155/2021/5518946 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Enguday Tirfeneh Gebeyehu ◽

Mengesha Srahbzu Biresaw

Keyword(s):

High Schools ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Educational Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Alcoholic Beverages ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Social ◽

The Impact

Introduction. The impact of alcohol use among adolescents is multidisciplinary and affects the adolescent’s academic performance, precipitates with sexually transmitted infections or psychiatric disorders, and disturbs the social domain of adolescents. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of alcohol use among adolescents aged 15–19 years at the governmental high schools of Aksum Town, Tigray, Ethiopia, in 2019. Methods. A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 to 30 January 2019 at Aksum town high school. Alcohol use was assessed by asking the question “have you used at least one of the alcoholic beverages in the last three months for nonmedical purposes?” Study participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected with face-to-face interview and were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to see the association between alcohol use and associated factors. Adjusted odds ratio at a p value < 0.05 with a 95% confidence interval was taken to declare the statistical significance of variables. Result. About 633 adolescents aged 15–19 years were addressed with a response rate of 99.7%. Prevalence of alcohol use was found to be 39.7% [95% CI (35.7, 43.6)]. Being male [AOR = 1.80; 95% CI (1.24, 2.60)], fathers’ educational status 1–8 grades [AOR = 2.98; 95% CI (1.60, 5.53)], fathers’ occupation farming [AOR = 4.24; 95% CI (2.038.85)], experienced parental neglect [AOR = 1.75; 95% CI (1.20, 2.55)], strong social support [AOR = 1.79; 95% CI (1.11, 2.87)], and family size of greater than five [AOR = 2.03; 95%CI (1.39, 2.97)] were factors identified to be significantly associated with alcohol use among adolescents aged 15–19 years. Conclusion. In the current study, the prevalence of alcohol use is found to be high when compared to other populations. A strong association has been found between alcohol use and lower paternal educational status and farming as an occupation of parents. There should be a regular awareness creation program for parents with lower education about the devastating effects of alcohol on adolescents.

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Patients’ beliefs toward generic medication in Yemen

Journal of Generic Medicines The Business Journal for the Generic Medicines Sector ◽

10.1177/17411343211039267 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 174113432110392

Author(s):

Ammar Ali Saleh Jaber ◽

Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi ◽

Abdullah Ahmed Dhabali

Keyword(s):

Healthcare Professionals ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Generic Medicines ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Generic Medication ◽

Knowledge And Beliefs ◽

Negative Beliefs ◽

The Social ◽

Self Administered Questionnaire

Purpose This study aims to explore patients’ knowledge and beliefs toward generic medicines and identify the factors affecting their beliefs toward them in Yemen. Patients and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 1 to July 1, 2016. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 590 adult patients in Sana’a. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences® (IBM SPSS) version 26 for Windows. Results Overall, 370 patients participated in this study. The study identified that a majority of the respondents did not know the similarities and differences between generic and branded medication and had negative beliefs toward generic medication. The study identified the factors contributing to the patients’ beliefs toward generic medication. Conclusion Yemeni patients had poor knowledge and negative beliefs toward generic medication. Educational programs provided to patients and healthcare professionals regarding generic medication can improve patients’ knowledge and correct their beliefs in this regard.

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Higher Level of Chicken Consumption Associated With Less Severe Venous Disease

The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds ◽

10.1177/1534734617740252 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 251-254

Author(s):

Kanokwan Kulprachakarn ◽

Prakaydao Abkom ◽

Orapin Pongtam ◽

Sakaewan Ounjaijean ◽

Paweena Thongkham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Varicose Veins ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Venous Disease ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Chiang Mai ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

High Severity ◽

The Impact ◽

Severe Type

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of various food intake in patients with varicose veins. A cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2012 through November 2014. Patients at the outpatient department 101 at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Chiang Mai, Thailand, who were older than > 18 years were invited to participate in this study. The severity of varicose veins was divided into 2 groups according to CEAP (clinical, etiological, anatomical, and pathophysiological) classification: mild type of venous disease (C0-C2) and severe type of venous disease (C3-C6). Patients were interviewed about their demographic data and frequency of meat consumption for varicose veins using Vein Consult Program (VCP). A total of 558 eligible outpatients were recruited for the study. Most patients were female (78.9%) and aged >50 years (47.1%). Seventeen out of 558 patients were diagnosed with high severity of venous disease (3.0%). Remarkably, significantly higher body weight (73.8 ± 13.9 vs 58.4 ± 11.2 kg, P = .000) and body mass index (28.8 ± 4.4 vs 23.3 ± 3.9 kg/m2, P = .000) was found in patients with severe types of venous disease compared with the mild group. Unexpectedly, only chicken intake demonstrated the different association with varicose veins ( P = .022). Patients with severe venous disease showed lower frequency of chicken consumption. The results suggested an association of chicken consumption with a reduced chance of developing varicose veins.

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Resiliency and mental health of school teachers in Okinawa

Journal of Health Research ◽

10.1108/jhr-11-2019-0248 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Paul Ratanasiripong ◽

Takashi China ◽

Nop T Ratanasiripong ◽

Shiho Toyama

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Teaching Profession ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

School Teachers ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Content Type ◽

The Impact

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe the mental health issues among teachers globally and to investigate the significant factors that specifically impact the mental health of school teachers in Okinawa, Japan.Design/methodology/approachThis cross-sectional study examined depression, anxiety, stress, self-esteem and resiliency among 174 teachers from seven schools in Okinawa, Japan. The study questionnaire consisted of four parts, including demographic data, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scale (DASS-42), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE), and Connor-Davidson Resiliency Scale (CD-RISC). Multiple regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of mental health variables.FindingsOf the 174 teachers, 111 were females (64%) and 60 were males (35%). Average age of participants was 41.65 (SD = 10.07). Average number of years being a teacher was 15.50 (SD = 9.88). There was a significant gender difference in the level of self-esteem. Significant differences in anxiety were found among varying grade levels taught. Regression analyses indicated that resiliency and self-esteem significantly predicted depression, anxiety and stress among school teachers in Okinawa.Originality/valueThis is the first study among school teachers in Okinawa that examined the impact of resiliency and self-esteem on their mental health. To reduce psychological distress common within the teaching profession, social and environmental support should be provided within the school to better foster the successful promotion of teacher resiliency and self-esteem.

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Estresse e síndrome de Burnout nos enfermeiros do hospital: estudo descritivo

Online Brazilian Journal of Nursing ◽

10.17665/1676-4285.20165525 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. 518

Author(s):

Clarissa Bandeira Bezerra ◽

Milva Figueiredo De Martino

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Burnout Syndrome ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Social ◽

Microsoft Windows ◽

Night Shifts

Aim: to check stress levels and the presence of the burnout syndrome in a population of nurses on day and night shifts in a hospital. Method: descriptive cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, performed at the Hospital of Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. Consists in applying questionnaires to nurses to obtain data through the form of socio-demographic data, then the instruments: the Bianchi scale to quantify the level of stress, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) to identify the presence of the burnout syndrome. The organization of data will involve the use of the Microsoft Windows Excel 2010 spreadsheets and will be analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.0. The data will be organized in tables and charts, and analyzed according to descriptive and inferential statistics.

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Multidimensional impacts of coronavirus pandemic in adolescents in Pakistan: A cross sectional research

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0262325 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. e0262325

Author(s):

Nazish Imran ◽

Fauzia Naz ◽

Muhammad Imran Sharif ◽

Sumbul Liaqat ◽

Musarrat Riaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Life ◽

Online Survey ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Ethical Approval ◽

Different Dimensions ◽

The Impact ◽

Mental And Physical Health

Background COVID-19 has posed unique challenges for adolescents in different dimensions of their life including education, home and social life, mental and physical health. Whether the impact is positive or negative, its significance on the overall shaping of adolescents’ lives cannot be overlooked. The aim of the present study was to explore impacts of the pandemic on the adolescents’ everyday lives in Pakistan. Methods Following ethical approval, this cross-sectional study was conducted through September to December, 2020 via an online survey on 842 adolescents with the mean age of 17.14 ± SD 1.48. Socio-demographic data and Epidemic Pandemic Impact Inventory-Adolescent Adaptation (EPII-A) was used to assess the multi-dimensional effects of the pandemic. Results Among the 842 participants, 84% were girls. Education emerged as the most negatively affected Pandemic domain (41.6–64.3%). Most of the adolescents (62.0–65.8%) had reported changes in responsibilities at home including increased time spent in helping family members. Besides, increase in workload of participants and their parents was prominent (41.8% & 47.6%). Social activities were mostly halted for approximately half (41–51%) of the participants. Increased screen time, decreased physical activity and sedentary lifestyle were reported by 52.7%, 46.3% and 40.7% respectively. 22.2–62.4% of the adolescents had a direct experience with quarantine, while 15.7% experienced death of a close friend or relative. Positive changes in their lives were endorsed by 30.5–62.4% respondents. Being male and older adolescents had significant association with negative impact across most domains (p<0.05). Conclusions Results have shown that COVID-19 exert significant multidimensional impacts on the physical, psycho-social, and home related domains of adolescents that are certainly more than what the previous researches has suggested.

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Nocturnal enuresis among children in Morogoro region in Tanzania: A cross-sectional survey

Tanzania Medical Journal ◽

10.4314/tmj.v31i1.325 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 16-29

Author(s):

Nehemia Kilongo ◽

Francis F. Furia

Keyword(s):

Family History ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Positive Family History ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

African Region ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Childhood Disorders ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

History Of

Background: Enuresis is common childhood disorders which affecting quality of life of children and causing significant psychosocial disturbances to children and their families. This condition has been widely reported globally with increasing data from sub-Saharan African region. In Tanzania there is no reports on its magnitude and therefore this study was carried out with the aim of determine the prevalence of this condition among children in Tanzania.Methods: This was a community based cross-sectional study conducted among children aged between 5 and 14 years recruited from 12 streets in Morogoro Municipality in Tanzania. Standardized Swahili questionnaire was used to collect data including socio-demographic details of parents, children and presence of enuresis. Socio-demographic data included age of the child, sex, level of education of the parents, education of the child, presence of bed wetting, history of enuresis in the family.Results: Five hundred and ten children were recruited into this study out of which 271 (53.1%) were females and mean age of study participants was 9±2.8 years. Enuresis was noted in 19% (97/510) of children, 68% (66/97) and 32% (31/97) had primary and secondary enuresis respectively. Significantly higher prevalence rates of enuresis were noted for children aged below 8 years 26.4% (43/162) and those with family history of enuresis 47% (18/38) with p values of 0.01 and < 0.001 respectively. Forty-one (42.3%) out of 97 respondents whose children had enuresis reported to have punished their children and only 21.4% (20/97) reported to have sought treatment for their children.Conclusions: Enuresis is common among children in Tanzania particularly those with positive family history. Punishment to children with enuresis was noted in this study and only one in five parents/guardians sought treatment for their affected children. Therefore, there is a need for initiatives for raising community awareness about enuresis in Tanzania Key words: Enuresis in children, prevalence of enuresis in Tanzania, factors affecting enuresis in children.

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Workloads, strain processes and sickness absenteeism in nursing

Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/0104-1169.2992.2366 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 1290-1297 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Vivian Aline Mininel ◽

Vanda Elisa Andres Felli ◽

Everaldo José da Silva ◽

Zelinda Torri ◽

Ana Paula Abreu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Occupational Exposure ◽

Disease Process ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Process Data ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sickness Absenteeism ◽

The Social ◽

Software Monitoring ◽

Nursing Professionals ◽

The Impact

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the workloads, strain processes and sickness absenteeism among nursing workers from a teaching hospital in the Brazilian Central-West. METHOD: a descriptive and cross-sectional study was developed with a quantitative approach, based on the theoretical framework of the social determination of the health-disease process. Data were collected between January and December 2009, based on records of complaints related to occupational exposure among nursing professionals, filed in the software Monitoring System of Nursing Workers' Health. For the sake of statistical analysis, relative and absolute frequencies of the variables and the risk coefficient were considered. RESULTS: 144 notifications of occupational exposure were registered across the analysis period, which represented 25% of the total nursing population at the hospital. The physiological and psychic workloads were the most representative, corresponding to 37% and 36%, respectively. These notifications culminated in 1567 days of absenteeism for disease treatment. CONCLUSIONS: the findings evidence the impact of occupational illnesses on the absenteeism of nursing workers, and can be used to demonstrate the importance of institutional investments in occupational health surveillance.

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The Impact of Patient Safety Culture and the Leader Coaching Behavior of Nurses on the Intention to Report Errors: A Cross-Sectional Survey

10.21203/rs.2.21535/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zahra Chegini ◽

Mohammad ASGHARI JAFARABADI ◽

Edris KAKEMAM ◽

Ali JANATI

Keyword(s):

Patient Safety ◽

Safety Culture ◽

Educational Status ◽

Patient Safety Culture ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Coaching Behavior ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background There is growing interest in examining the factors affecting the reporting of errors by nurses. However, little research has been conducted into the effects of perceived patient safety culture and leader coaching behavior of nurses on the intention to report errors.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted amongst 256 nurses in the emergency departments of 18 public and private hospitals in Tabriz, northwest Iran. Participants completed the self- administered questionnaires and the data was analyzed using linear regression analysis.Results Overall, 43% of nurses had an intention to report errors; 50% of respondents reported that their nursing managers demonstrated high levels of coaching. With regard to patient safety culture, areas of strength and weakness were “Teamwork within Units” (PRR = 66.80%) and “Non-punitive response errors” (PRR = 19.66%). Regression findings highlighted a significant association between an intention to report errors and patient safety culture (B=0.123, CI 95%: 0.005 to 0.328, P = 0.026), leader coaching behavior (B=0.172, CI 95%: 0.066 to 0.347, P = 0.004) and nurses’ educational status (B=0. 787, 95% CI: -.064 to 1.638, P = 0.048). Conclusions Further research is needed to assess how interventions addressing patient safety culture and leader coaching behaviors might increase the intention to report errors.

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Evaluation of factors responsible for lactation failure-hospital based study

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20194751 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 2666

Author(s):

Sravya Sree Sreekantham ◽

Piduru Pratima ◽

Uma Mahesh Ramisetty ◽

Gangadhar Belavadi

Keyword(s):

Demographic Data ◽

Mode Of Delivery ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Infant Mortality Rate ◽

Breast Diseases ◽

Feeding Practice ◽

College Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Medical College

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is an essential part of early infant feeding. Promotion of EBF is the most effective way to reduce the infant mortality rate. This study was carried out to identify factors affecting EBF among mothers attending Narayana medical college hospital Nellore. Aim and objectives of the study was to know the incidence of lactation failure and to evaluate the factors responsible for lactation failure.Methods: Hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted from July 2018 to September 2018 involving a total of 100 mothers with the help of a proforma containing predesigned questionnaire. Demographic data of mother, obstetric details, mode of delivery, birth weight, details of antenatal advice about breastfeeding and practices, pre-lacteal feeds, current feeding practice, problems encountered during breastfeeding, anatomical problems were noted. The data collected were tabulated and statistically analyzed.Results: At the end of the study, among 100 mothers, 24 mothers are reported to have lactation failure and feeding babies with formula feeds. Among the variables taken into consideration pre-lacteal feeds, problems encountered during breastfeeding, breast diseases showed a statistically significant association with lactation failure. Mean weight gain in breastfeeding mothers and mothers with lactation failure is 11.3 kgs and 10.04 kgs respectively. Mean hemoglobin in breastfeeding mothers and mothers with lactation failure is 10.43 g/dl and 9.91 g/dl respectively.Conclusions: The results provide information about the relation between breastfeeding failure and its association with factors that contribute to it.

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