A study on the relationship between morphological lesions of lupus nephritis with demographic and biochemical findings

Introduction: Lupus nephritis is one of the important aspects of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Objectives: This study aimed to investigate possible relationship between pathological lesions of lupus nephritis classes and demographic and biochemical findings among patients. Patients and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted on a group of renal biopsy proven lupus nephritis patients using lupus nephritis classification of ISN/RPS 2003. We collected demographic data of all patients including age, gender serum creatinine and 24h proteinuria. Results: Data of 101 patients, of whom 78 (77.23%) were females and mean age of 33.54±13.15 years. The mean serum creatinine and proteinuria were 1.54±0.88 mg/dL 2502.5±1495.05 mg/d. Based on our data, IV-G (class IV, diffuse lupus nephritis-global) lupus nephritis class was the most common (39.6%) followed by class III (23.8%). The mean crescent and sclerotic glomeruli were 1.66±3.32 and 2.27±5.32, respectively. In this study, 24 hours proteinuria, serum creatinine, activity percent, chronicity percent, crescent and glomerular sclerosis between genders showed no significant differences (P>0.05). The correlation between plasma creatinine and activity was directly positive and significant (r=0.381, P=0.001). In addition, a significant correlation between C1q deposits and glomerular sclerosis (P=0.031) was detected. Accordingly, a significant correlation between IgG deposits and lupus nephritis classification (P=0.025) was seen. Conclusion: Lupus nephritis of IV-G and III classes of lupus nephritis were most common among patients and higher IgG deposits were observed in patients with IV-G classification. We found a significant correlation between glomerular sclerosis and C1q deposits that could be an indicator of lupus nephritis activity and severity. However, we recommend further studies in this regard.

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Explanatory histological findings for urinary protein and serum creatinine levels at renal biopsy in lupus nephritis: A cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.2.20345/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Eri Katsuyama ◽

Yoshia Miyawaki ◽

Kenei Sada ◽

Yosuke Asano ◽

Keigo Hayashi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lupus Nephritis ◽

Serum Creatinine ◽

Renal Biopsy ◽

Multiple Regression ◽

Interstitial Fibrosis ◽

Urinary Protein ◽

Glomerular Sclerosis ◽

Fibrinoid Necrosis ◽

Class Iii ◽

The Mean

Abstract Background To evaluate histological active and chronic lesions associated with proteinuria and serum creatinine (SCr) level as common clinical endpoints in many clinical trials for lupus nephritis (LN).Methods One hundred and nineteen patients from 1990 to 2015 with LN class III, IV, and V, as defined by the International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society classification, were enrolled. Multiple regression analysis was performed to explore semiquantitative histological variables related to urinary protein and SCr levels.Results The mean age of enrolled patients was 45 years and 79% were female. The mean SCr level was 0.87 mg/dl and mean urinary protein was 3.00 g/gCr at the time of the renal biopsy. Class IV (71%) was the most common type, followed by class III (17%) and class V (13%). Multicollinearity was confirmed between monocellular infiltration (variance inflation factor [VIF] = 10.22) and interstitial fibrosis (VIF = 10.29) and between karyorrhexis (VIF = 4.14) and fibrinoid necrosis (VIF = 4.29). After excluding fibrinoid necrosis and monocellular infiltration because of multicollinearity, only urinary protein level was correlated with wire loop (β−coefficient [β]: 1.09 and confidence interval [CI]: 0.35 to 1.83), and SCr level was correlated with glomerular sclerosis (β: 1.08 and CI: 0.43 to 1.74) by multiple regression analysis.Conclusion As urinary protein and SCr levels could not reflect active lesions quantitatively, they might be difficult to be evaluated for response to induction remission treatments in patients with LN.

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Assessment of serum macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), adiponectin, and other adipokines as potential markers of proteinuria and renal dysfunction in lupus nephritis: a cross-sectional study

Biomarker Research ◽

10.1186/s40364-020-00236-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jorge Ivan Gamez-Nava ◽

Valeria Diaz-Rizo ◽

Edsaul Emilio Perez-Guerrero ◽

Jose Francisco Muñoz-Valle ◽

Ana Miriam Saldaña-Cruz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Lupus Nephritis ◽

Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Macrophage Migration ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Systemic Lupus ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background To date, the association of serum macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and serum adipokines with lupus nephritis is controversial. Objective To assess the utility of serum MIF, leptin, adiponectin and resistin levels as markers of proteinuria and renal dysfunction in lupus nephritis. Methods Cross-sectional study including 196 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and 52 healthy controls (HCs). Disease activity was assessed by Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). Renal SLE involvement was investigated by renal-SLEDAI. MIF, adiponectin, leptin and resistin levels were quantified by ELISA. We assessed the correlations of quantitative variables by Spearman correlation (rs). Multivariable linear regression adjusted the variables associated with the severity of proteinuria. Results SLE patients had higher MIF (p = 0.02) and adiponectin (p < 0.001) than HCs. Patients with renal SLE involvement (n = 43) had higher adiponectin (19.0 vs 13.3 μg/mL, p = 0.002) and resistin (10.7 vs 8.9 ng/mL, p = 0.01) than patients with non-renal SLE (n = 153). Proteinuria correlated with high adiponectin (rs = 0.19, p < 0.009) and resistin (rs = 0.26, p < 0.001). MIF (rs = 0.27, p = 0.04). Resistin correlated with increased creatinine (rs = 0.18, p = 0.02). High renal-SLEDAI correlated with adiponectin (rs = 0.21, p = 0.004). Multiple linear regression showed that elevated adiponectin (p = 0.02), younger age (p = 0.04) and low MIF (p = 0.02) were associated with the severity of proteinuria. Low MIF and high adiponectin levels interacted to explain the association with the severity of proteinuria (R2 = 0.41). Conclusions High adiponectin combined with low MIF concentrations int+eract to explain the severity of proteinuria in renal SLE. These findings highlight the relevance of adiponectin, resistin and MIF as markers of LN.

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POS0548 OPTIMAL ASSESSMENT OF THE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS ANKLE AND HINDFOOT: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN CLINICAL EXAMINATION AND ULTRASONOGRAPHY

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.2720 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 508.2-509

Author(s):

K. Maatallah ◽

H. Boussaa ◽

H. Riahi ◽

H. Ferjani ◽

M. Habechi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Clinical Examination ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Power Doppler ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Therapeutic Decisions ◽

The Mean ◽

Foot Disease

Background:Foot disease is a common problem in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Therapeutic decisions are often based on clinical examination (CE) alone, which can be adversely affected by factors such as deformity, obesity, and peripheral edema. Ultrasonography (US) has previously been shown to be more sensitive than CE for detecting synovitis and tenosynovitis in RA forefeet, but few data exist for the hindfoot and ankle.Objectives:The aim of this study was to compare CE and US for the detection of hindfoot and ankle synovitis and tenosynovitis in patients with established RA.Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional study including patients with RA (ACR/EULAR 2010). Demographic data and disease parameters were collected. CE was performed by a rheumatologist for the presence or absence of tenderness, swelling, and mobility restriction of both ankles. The following tendons were examined for tenosynovitis: tibialis anterior (TA) and posterior (TP), fibularis longus (FL), and brevis (FB) (assessed together). In a second time, US examination of the tibiotalar, talonavicular, and subtalar joints and the same tendons as CE was performed by a blinded radiologist experienced in musculoskeletal imaging using a Philips HD11 device with a high-frequency linear transducer. The presence or absence of synovitis and tenosynovitis was recorded, and the composite synovitis score (power doppler / grayscale ultrasound (PDUS)) was measured for each joint. The US score of each patient was defined by the sum of the composite scores of the joints studied (0-30). A p-value <0.05 was considered significant.Results:Sixty-two feet were examined in 31 RA patients (25 women and six men) with a mean age of 54.8±10.8 years old [32-70]. The mean disease duration was 8.5±7.2 years [1-37]. Rheumatoid Factor (RF) and Anti-Citrullinated Peptides Antibodies (ACPA) were positive in 61.3% and 83.8% of cases. The mean DAS28 ESR was 3.8±1.5 [0.6-7].Clinical examination of ankles revealed tenderness in 57.4% of cases, swelling in 38.8% of cases, and restriction in the range of motion in 11.1% of cases. TA tenosynovitis was noted in 14.8% of cases, TP tenosynovitis in 22.2% of cases, and FL and FB tenosynovitis in 31.5% of cases.US showed tibiotalar synovitis in 59.3% of cases, talonavicular synovitis in 64.8% of cases, and subtalar synovitis in 46.3% of cases. TA tenosynovitis was noted in 5.6% of cases, TP tenosynovitis in 22.2% of cases, and FB and FL tenosynovitis in 25% and 11.1% of cases respectively.An association was found between clinical tenderness and US synovitis of the tibiotalar joint (p=0.013) and the talonavicular joint (p=0.027). No association was noted between clinical swelling and US synovitis in these joints.No association was noted between clinical and US tenosynovitis of TA (p=0.279), TP (p=0.436), FB (p=0.495) and FL (p=0.315).Conclusion:Clinical examination of RA ankles may be challenging and needs to be coupled with US, which is more sensitive and accurate in the detection of synovitis and tenosynovitis.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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Influence ofABCC2andABCC4Polymorphisms on Tenofovir Plasma Concentrations in Thai HIV-Infected Patients

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.04930-14 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 59 (6) ◽

pp. 3240-3245 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Kanokrat Rungtivasuwan ◽

Anchalee Avihingsanon ◽

Narukjaporn Thammajaruk ◽

Siwaporn Mitruk ◽

David M. Burger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Plasma Concentration ◽

Protease Inhibitors ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean

ABSTRACTTenofovir (TFV) is eliminated by renal excretion, which is mediated through multidrug-resistant protein 2 (MRP2) and MRP4, encoded byABCC2andABCC4, respectively. Genetic polymorphisms of these transporters may affect the plasma concentrations of tenofovir. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of genetic and nongenetic factors on tenofovir plasma concentrations. A cross-sectional study was performed in Thai HIV-infected patients aged ≥18 years who had been receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate at 300 mg once daily for at least 6 months. A middose tenofovir plasma concentration was obtained. Multivariate analysis was performed to investigate whether there was an association between tenofovir plasma concentrations and demographic data, including age, sex, body weight, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), hepatitis B virus coinfection, hepatitis C virus coinfection, duration of tenofovir treatment, concomitant use of ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors, and polymorphisms ofABCC2andABCC4. A total of 150 Thai HIV-infected patients were included. The mean age of the patients was 43.9 ± 7.2 years. The mean tenofovir plasma concentration was 100.3 ± 52.7 ng/ml. In multivariate analysis, a low body weight, a low eGFR, the concomitant use of ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors, and theABCC44131T → G variation (genotype TG or GG) were independently associated with higher tenofovir plasma concentrations. After adjusting for weight, eGFR, and the concomitant use of ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors, a 30% increase in the mean tenofovir plasma concentration was observed in patients having theABCC44131 TG or GG genotype. Both genetic and nongenetic factors affect tenofovir plasma concentrations. These factors should be considered when adjusting tenofovir dosage regimens to ensure the efficacy and safety of a drug. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT01138241.)

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Frequency of Histopathological patterns of Lupus Nephritis according to classification by WHO among Pakistani patients

10.53350/pjmhs211592343 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (9) ◽

pp. 2343-2344

Author(s):

Aijaz Z. Khan Chachar ◽

Miqdad Haider ◽

Naveed A. Lashari ◽

M. Mueed Yasin ◽

Hafiz B. A. Kalhoro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lupus Nephritis ◽

Renal Biopsy ◽

Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Who Classification ◽

Correct Diagnosis ◽

Class Ii ◽

Class Iii ◽

Childbearing Age ◽

Systemic Lupus ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder, multisystemic in nature more common in females of childbearing age. There are certain risk factors which predispose to this disease. It affects various organs, kidney is among them. Almost 60% patients having SLE ultimately leads to kidney dysfunction at some stage of the life. Aim: To find out pattern of histopathological findings of lupus nephritis as per WHO classification on kidney biopsy in Pakistan. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was completed in department of Medicine, Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore, from March 2016 to May, 2018. Total sample size was 165 patients. Only patients who fulfilled the 2012 SLICC (Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics) criteria were included in the study. SPSS version 25.0 was used data analysis. Results: Age of the patients was between 31-50 years i.e. 114(69.09%), mean and SD was 43.96±4.84 years, females were more commonly affected by calculating 99(59.70%). Patterns of lupus nephritis as per WHO classification and renal biopsy were noted which shows 18(10.91%) had Class I, 53(32.12%) Class II, 43(26.07%) Class III, 35(21.20%) Class IV, 10(6.06%) Class V and 6(3.64%) had Class VI. Conclusion: Class II and Class III Lupus Nephritis are the most common modalities found in patients of SLE. Every patient with Lupus Nephritis should undergo a Renal Biopsy for correct diagnosis of the class of this disease and further management accordingly. Keywords: Lupus Nephritis, SLE, renal biopsy

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Association between Diabetic Retinopathy and Chronic Periodontitis—A Cross-Sectional Study

Medical Sciences ◽

10.3390/medsci6040104 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 104 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Veena H. R. ◽

Sribhargava Natesh ◽

Sudhir Patil

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Serum Creatinine ◽

Glycated Haemoglobin ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Age Group ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chronic Inflammatory Condition ◽

The Mean

Periodontal disease (PD), a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by destruction of the supporting tissues of the teeth, increases the risk of complications in diabetics. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication of prolonged hyperglycaemia. There appears to be a similarity in the pathogenesis of DR and PD. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the association, if any, between DR and PD, correlate the severity of DR with the severity of PD, and investigate the association between glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatinine and periodontal variables. The periodontal status of 200 adult diabetic patients in the age group of 30–65 years with varying severity of DR was assessed. Evaluation of the severity of PD was assessed by recording clinical parameters. Haematological investigations including glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and serum creatinine were estimated before the initiation of treatment for DR. A statistically significant association between the mean duration of diabetes mellitus (DM) and the severity of DR and PD was found. The severity of PD was directly correlated with the severity of DR. There was a significant association between the levels of HbA1c and serum creatinine and severity of DR and PD. There could be a plausible relationship between DR and PD. Further prospective studies on a larger population with longer follow-ups are required to ascertain whether PD and its severity directly affect the progression and severity of DR.

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A Study on Bolton Anterior Tooth Size Discrepancies among Different Malocclusion Groups

Bangladesh Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics ◽

10.3329/bjodfo.v1i2.15982 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

AW Ali ◽

MZ Hossain

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Normal Group ◽

Anterior Tooth ◽

Tooth Size ◽

Class Iii ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Normal Occlusion ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Bangladeshi Population

Aim: To investigate the correlation between anterior tooth size discrepancies among Angle's Class l, ll, lll malocclusions and corresponding normal occlusion, as well as their prevalence in Bangladeshi population. This study would act as a reference for diagnosis, treatment planning and assessment of prognosis in some orthodontic cases. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, Dhaka Dental College & Hospital. A total number of 200 subjects were selected in Angle's Class l, ll, lll and corresponding normal group. Each group had 50 subjects with males and females. A chi-square test was performed to statistically compare the prevalence of anterior tooth size discrepancies among Angle's Class l, ll, lll malocclusions and corresponding normal occlusion and two genders. Analysis of variance was used to compare the mean Bolton anterior tooth size ratios as a function of angle classification and gender. Statistical differences were determined at the 95% confidence level (p< 0.05). Results: No significant difference was observed in the mean Bolton anterior ratio between normal group and class-I malocclusion group (p = 0.343). Significant differences were observed between Class-II malocclusion and normal group (p=0.001), and also between Class-III malocclusion and normal group (p = 0.001). Individuals with Angle Class lll and Class ll malocclusions showed significantly greater prevalence of tooth size discrepancy than Class l malocclusion and corresponding normal group. Conclusion: The great diversity and ethnic mix of Bangladeshi population should alert our orthodontist to use Bolton analysis as an important diagnostic tool and become aware of the moderate variations that may be present and treated. It may somehow guide planning of this type of study in future. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjodfo.v1i2.15982 Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, April 2011; Vol-1, No.2, 1-4

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Assessment of serum macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), adiponectin, and other adipokines as potential markers of proteinuria and renal dysfunction in lupus nephritis. A cross-sectional study.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-51704/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jorge Ivan Gamez-Nava ◽

Valeria Diaz-Rizo ◽

Edsaul Emilio Perez-Guerrero ◽

Jose Francisco Muñoz-Valle ◽

Ana Miriam Saldaña-Cruz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Lupus Nephritis ◽

Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Macrophage Migration ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Systemic Lupus ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background To date, the association of serum macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and serum adipokines with lupus nephritis is controversial.Objective To assess the utility of serum MIF, leptin, adiponectin and resistin levels as markers of proteinuria and renal dysfunction in lupus nephritis.Methods Cross-sectional study including 196 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and 52 healthy controls (HCs). Disease activity was assessed by Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). Renal SLE involvement was investigated by renal-SLEDAI. MIF, adiponectin, leptin and resistin levels were quantified by ELISA. We assessed the correlations of quantitative variables by Spearman correlation (rs). Multivariable linear regression adjusted the variables associated with the severity of proteinuria. Results SLE patients had higher MIF (p=0.02) and adiponectin (p<0.001) than HCs. Patients with renal SLE involvement (n=43) had higher adiponectin (19.0 vs 13.3 µg/mL, p=0.002) and resistin (10.7 vs 8.9 ng/mL, p=0.01) than patients with non-renal SLE (n=153). Proteinuria correlated with high adiponectin (rs=0.19, p<0.009) and resistin (rs=26, p<0.001). MIF (rs=0.27, p=0.04). Resistin correlated with increased creatinine (rs= 0.18, p=0.02). High renal-SLEDAI correlated with adiponectin (rs=0.21, p=0.004). Multiple linear regression showed that elevated adiponectin (p=0.02), younger age (p=0.04) and low MIF (p=0.02) were associated with the severity of proteinuria. Low MIF and high adiponectin levels interacted to explain the association with the severity of proteinuria (R2=0.41).Conclusions High adiponectin combined with low MIF concentrations interact to explain the severity of proteinuria in renal SLE. These findings highlight the relevance of adiponectin, resistin and MIF as markers of LN.

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Determinants of anemia among pregnant women: A hospital based cross sectional study

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20193783 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 3609

Author(s):

P. Kalpana ◽

A. Kavitha

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hemoglobin Level ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lower Segment Cesarean Section ◽

Menstrual History ◽

History Of ◽

The Mean

Background: The objective was to study the determinants of anemia among pregnant women. There is a negative effect on the health of the mother and as well as that of the child due to anemia in women with pregnancy. Death rate is more in women who are pregnant and having anemia. The objective of this study was to study the determinants of anemia among pregnant women.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out among 40 pregnant women over a period of six months. Demographic data like age, residence, occupation etc was recorded. Obstetric data like gravida, parity, previous LSCS was also recorded. The data was presented as means and student’s t test was applied.Results: The mean age was 23.43±3.4 years. Majority were young between the ages of 19-22 years. Majority belonged to urban residents i.e. 57.5%. 20% of the subjects were found to be illiterate. Majority of the mothers were housewives i.e. 82.5%. Majority were multi-gravida i.e. 60%. Majority had no history of abortions in the past i.e. 75%. Out of total 19 repeat pregnancies, majority i.e. 84.2% had lower segment cesarean section. Majority reported that they had normal menstrual history. The mean hemoglobin level was found out to be 7.94 gm/dl. It was found that the mean hemoglobin level did not differ significantly across age, residence, education, occupation, gravidity, history of abortions, type of delivery but differed significantly by abnormal menstrual cycle.Conclusions: Mean hemoglobin level was more in women with normal menstrual history compared to those women with abnormal menstrual history and this difference was found out to be statistically significant. Hence abnormal menses should be promptly treated, hemoglobin assessed.

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Cardiovascular risk quantification using QRISK-3 score in people with intellectual disability

BJPsych Open ◽

10.1192/bjo.2021.187 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (S1) ◽

pp. S52-S53

Author(s):

Jamie Sin Ying Ho ◽

Vikram Rohra ◽

Laura Korb ◽

Bhathika Perera

Keyword(s):

Intellectual Disability ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Outpatient Setting ◽

National Guidelines ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Management Options ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Accessible Information ◽

The Mean

AimsThe prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in people with intellectual disability (ID) is around 14%, higher than the general population. However, CVD risk assessments are not consistently performed. Given the high risk of premature deaths in people with ID, it is important to identify preventable risk factors and follow evidence-based interventions. QRISK-3 is a validated risk-stratification tool, which calculates the 10-year risk of developing a heart attack or stroke (https://qrisk.org/three/index.php). There are no published studies on the use of QRISK-3 in people with ID. This project aimed to understand the use of QRISK-3 in an ID clinic and to quantify individual CVD risks to recommend appropriate management options.MethodA cross sectional study was performed on 143 patients open to an ID psychiatry clinic. Patients and carers were sent an accessible information leaflet on this study. Basic demographic data and information on psychiatric diagnoses were collected. Patients were grouped according to the presence of severe mental illness (SMI) defined as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and other psychotic illnesses. QRISK-3 ≥ 10% was defined as elevated risk in accordance with NICE guidelines. Patients who had a high QRISK-3 score were advised to contact their GP.ResultOf 143 patients, 73 (51.0%) had a mild ID and the remaining had a moderate to severe ID. The mean age was 43.3 years, 53.1% were male. Overall, 28 (19.6%) participants had an elevated CVD risk, of whom 16 (57.1%) were not on statins, which is the recommended treatment. The mean QRISK-3 score was 6.31 (standard deviation [SD] 8.95), and the relative risk is 3.50 (SD 7.13). The proportion of QRISK-3 ≥ 10% and mean score were not significantly different in those with SMI, but those with SMI were more likely to be prescribed statins than those without (14 [31.1%] vs 10 [10.2%], p = 0.002). Statins were given to 24 (16.8%) participants, of whom 12 (50%) had elevated CVD risk. 89% had a blood pressure recording within the past 5 years, 87% had height and 88% had weight recorded. 73% had lipid serology results recorded.ConclusionElevated CVD risk was common in this ID study population, and more than half with elevated QRISK-3 were not on the medical treatment recommended by national guidelines. QRISK-3 could feasibly be implemented in the outpatient setting. Increased routine CVD risk assessment and management should be considered as another measure to reduce morbidity and mortality.

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