Immunomodulatory Effects of Formulation of Channa micropeltes and Moringa oleifera through Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines Regulation in Type 1 Diabetic Mice

Abstract Background Down syndrome (DS) is a disorder characterised by marked immune dysfunction, increased mortality from sepsis, chronic inflammation, increased oxidative stress, sleep disturbance and possibly abnormal endogenous melatonin levels. Melatonin has a myriad of immune functions, and we hypothesised that this therapeutic agent could modulate the innate immune system in this cohort. Methods We investigated neutrophil and monocyte function (CD11b, TLR4 expression by flow cytometry), genes involved in TLR signalling (MyD88, IRAK4, TRIF), the inflammasome (NLRP3, IL-1β), and circadian rhythm (BMAL, CLOCK, CRY) by qPCR, and inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-1ra, VEGF, Epo, GM-CSF) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) following immunomodulation with LPS endotoxin and melatonin. 47 children with DS and 23 age- and sex-matched controls were recruited. Results We demonstrated that melatonin has several significant effects by reducing CD11b and TLR4 expression, attenuating TLR signalling, genes involved in the inflammasome and has the potential to reduce LPS-induced inflammatory responses. Conclusions Immunomodulatory effects of melatonin were found in both paediatric cohorts with more marked effects in the children with DS. Melatonin mediates immune response through a wide array of mechanisms and this immunomodulator may buffer the inflammatory response by regulating pro and anti-inflammatory signalling. Impact We highlight that melatonin mediates its immune response through a wide array of mechanisms, its effects appear to be dose dependant and children with Down syndrome may be more receptive to treatment with it. Immunomodulatory effects of melatonin were demonstrated with marked effects in the children with Down syndrome with a reduction of MyD88, IL-1ß and NLRP3 expression in whole-blood samples. Melatonin is a proposed anti-inflammatory agent with a well-established safety profile, that has the potential for mitigation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in paediatric Down syndrome cohorts, though further clinical trials are warranted.

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Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Balance in Major Depression: Effect of Sertraline Therapy

Clinical and Developmental Immunology ◽

10.1155/2007/76396 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2007 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 160

Author(s):

Levent Sutcigil ◽

Cagatay Oktenli ◽

Ugur Musabak ◽

Ali Bozkurt ◽

Adnan Cansever ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Major Depression ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Antidepressant Treatment ◽

Depression Effect ◽

Immunomodulatory Effects ◽

Cytokine Balance ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Time Of Admission ◽

Anti Inflammatory Cytokine

The specific associations between antidepressant treatment and alterations in the levels of cytokines remain to be elucidated. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of IL-2, IL-4, IL-12, TNF-α, TGF-β1, and MCP-1 in major depression and to investigate the effects of sertraline therapy. Cytokine and chemokine levels were measured at the time of admission and 8 weeks after sertraline treatment. Our results suggest that the proinflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-12, and TNF-α) and MCP-1 were significantly higher, whereas anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and TGF-β1 were significantly lower in patients with major depression than those of healthy controls. It seems likely that the sertraline therapy might have exerted immunomodulatory effects through a decrease in the proinflammatory cytokine IL-12 and an increase in the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and TGF-β1. In conclusion, our results indicate that Th1-, Th2-, and Th3-type cytokines are altered in the depressed patients and some of them might have been corrected by sertraline treatment.

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Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of Critonia aromatisans leaves: Downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines

Journal of Ethnopharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.jep.2016.06.006 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 190 ◽

pp. 174-182 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Villa-De la Torre Fabiola ◽

Kinscherf Ralf ◽

Bonaterra Gabriel ◽

Arana-Argaez Victor Ermilo ◽

Méndez-González Martha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Immunomodulatory Effects ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

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Immunomodulatory Effects of Helicobacter pylori on Pro and Anti-inflammatory Cytokines Production in Peripheral Whole Blood Cells Culture

Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia ◽

10.13005/bbra/2387 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 2221-2230

Author(s):

Nazila Bahmaie ◽

Soghrat Faghihzadeh ◽

Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh ◽

Bahram Amini

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Immunomodulatory Effects ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Whole Blood Cells

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Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults, type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients: Action LADA 4

Diabetologia ◽

10.1007/s00125-011-2088-6 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 54 (7) ◽

pp. 1630-1638 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

M. N. Pham ◽

◽

M. I. Hawa ◽

C. Pfleger ◽

M. Roden ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Autoimmune Diabetes ◽

Latent Autoimmune Diabetes ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Diabetes Patients

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Immunomodulatory Effects of Dietary Polyphenols

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13030728 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 728

Author(s):

Hira Shakoor ◽

Jack Feehan ◽

Vasso Apostolopoulos ◽

Carine Platat ◽

Ayesha Salem Al Dhaheri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Treg Cells ◽

Interferon Γ ◽

Immunomodulatory Effects ◽

Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

Dietary Polyphenols ◽

Factor Alpha ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Functional and nutraceutical foods provide an alternative way to improve immune function to aid in the management of various diseases. Traditionally, many medicinal products have been derived from natural compounds with healing properties. With the development of research into nutraceuticals, it is becoming apparent that many of the beneficial properties of these compounds are at least partly due to the presence of polyphenols. There is evidence that dietary polyphenols can influence dendritic cells, have an immunomodulatory effect on macrophages, increase proliferation of B cells, T cells and suppress Type 1 T helper (Th1), Th2, Th17 and Th9 cells. Polyphenols reduce inflammation by suppressing the pro-inflammatory cytokines in inflammatory bowel disease by inducing Treg cells in the intestine, inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and induction of apoptosis, decreasing DNA damage. Polyphenols have a potential role in prevention/treatment of auto-immune diseases like type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis by regulating signaling pathways, suppressing inflammation and limiting demyelination. In addition, polyphenols cause immunomodulatory effects against allergic reaction and autoimmune disease by inhibition of autoimmune T cell proliferation and downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1, interferon-γ (IFN-γ)). Herein, we summarize the immunomodulatory effects of polyphenols and the underlying mechanisms involved in the stimulation of immune responses.

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