scholarly journals Outbreak of avian botulism in a backyard poultry farming / Surto de botulismo aviário em criação de aves domésticas

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 5663-5668
Author(s):  
Ana Lívia Vasconcelos De Sousa ◽  
Nathálya Lima Duarte ◽  
Diogo Mendonça Barth Pacini ◽  
Fernanda Campos Ilorca ◽  
Ana Maria de Souza Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Backyard Poultry ◽  
Intestinal Contents ◽  
Type C ◽  
Microscopic Findings ◽  
Avian Botulism ◽  
Poultry Farming

The purpose of this study is to report an outbreak of avian botulism in backyard poultry farming. In 2019, a botulism outbreak in a flock of laying hens was investigated in Brazil. In the flock of 30 hens, clinical signs of botulism occurred after they ate decaying vegetables. A type C botulism outbreak was confirmed using the mouse lethality assay for detection of botulinum toxin in serum and ELISA test to detect Clostridium botulinum in intestinal contents and serum. Botulism in laying hens has rarely been reported. The chickens developed cyanotic comb and wattle, dyspnea, different degrees of flaccid paralysis in the neck, and detachment of feathers. No macroscopic lesions were observed, as were microscopic findings. The chicken's serum was neutralized by C antitoxin, confirming the botulism diagnosis, and also toxin was detected in intestinal contents.

Avian botulism in winter and spring and the stability of Clostridium botulinum type C toxin

1978 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Graham ◽  
G. Smith ◽  
E. Borland ◽  
J. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Botulinum Type ◽  
Type C ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Avian Botulism

scholarly journals Clostridial Enteric Infections in Pigs

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 528-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Glenn Songer ◽  
Francisco A. Uzal
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Type A ◽  
Enteric Infection ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Presumptive Diagnosis ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Intestinal Contents ◽  
Type C ◽  
Beta Toxin

Clostridium perfringens types A and C and Clostridium difficile are the principal enteric clostridial pathogens of swine. History, clinical signs of disease, and gross and microscopic findings form the basis for a presumptive diagnosis of C. perfringens type-C enteritis. Confirmation is based on isolation of large numbers of type-C C. perfringens and/or detection of beta toxin in intestinal contents. Diagnosis of C. perfringens type-A infection, however, remains controversial, mostly because the condition has not been well defined and because type-A organisms and their most important major (alpha) toxin can be found in intestinal contents of healthy and diseased pigs. Isolation of large numbers of C. perfringens type A from intestinal contents, in the absence of other enteric pathogens, is the most reliable criterion on which to base a diagnosis. Recently, beta2 (CPB2) toxin-producing C. perfringens type A has been linked to disease in piglets and other animals. However, implication of CPB2 in pathogenesis of porcine infections is based principally on isolation of C. perfringens carrying cpb2, the gene encoding CPB2, and the specific role of CPB2 in enteric disease of pigs remains to be fully defined. Clostridium difficile can also be a normal inhabitant of the intestine of healthy pigs, and diagnosis of enteric infection with this microorganism is based on detection of its toxins in feces or intestinal contents.

scholarly journals Development of An Innovative and Quick Method for the Isolation of Clostridium botulinum Strains Involved in Avian Botulism Outbreaks

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thibault Le Gratiet ◽  
Typhaine Poezevara ◽  
Sandra Rouxel ◽  
Emmanuelle Houard ◽  
Christelle Mazuet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Genomic Research ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Quick Method ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Type C ◽  
Avian Botulism

Avian botulism is a serious neuroparalytic disease mainly caused by a type C/D botulinum neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum group III, one of the entwined bacterial species from the Clostridium novyi sensu lato genospecies. Its isolation is very challenging due to the absence of selective media and the instability of the phage carrying the gene encoding for the neurotoxin. The present study describes the development of an original method for isolating C. botulinum group III strains. Briefly, this method consists of streaking the InstaGene matrix extraction pellet on Egg Yolk Agar plates and then collecting the colonies with lipase and lecithinase activities. Using this approach, it was possible to isolate 21 C. novyi sensu lato strains from 22 enrichment broths of avian livers, including 14 toxic strains. This method was successfully used to re-isolate type C, D, C/D, and D/C strains from liver samples spiked with five spores per gram. This method is cheap, user-friendly, and reliable. It can be used to quickly isolate toxic strains involved in avian botulism with a 64% success rate and C. novyi sensu lato with a 95% rate. This opens up new perspectives for C. botulinum genomic research, which will shed light on the epidemiology of avian botulism.

scholarly journals Minimizing an outbreak of avian botulism (Clostridium botulinum type C) in Incheon, South Korea

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kidong SON ◽  
Yong Kwan KIM ◽  
Chanjin WOO ◽  
Seung-Jun WANG ◽  
Youngsik KIM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Type C ◽  
Avian Botulism

In Situ Detection of the Clostridium botulinum Type C1 Toxin Gene in Wetland Sediments with a Nested PCR Assay

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 3240-3243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy L. Williamson ◽  
Tonie E. Rocke ◽  
Judd M. Aiken
Keyword(s):  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Toxin Gene ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Detection Assay ◽  
Botulinum Type ◽  
Type C ◽  
In Situ Detection ◽  
Avian Botulism

ABSTRACT A nested PCR was developed for detection of the Clostridium botulinum type C1 toxin gene in sediments collected from wetlands where avian botulism outbreaks had or had not occurred. The C1 toxin gene was detected in 16 of 18 sites, demonstrating both the ubiquitous distribution of C. botulinum type C in wetland sediments and the sensitivity of the detection assay.

scholarly journals Bacterias anaerobias del suelo responsables de la muerte súbita bovina en sabanas tropicales: investigaciones realizadas en Colombia

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Diego Ortiz ◽  
Luis Carlos Villamil
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Clostridium Tetani ◽  
Cattle Feeding ◽  
Type C ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Clostridium Chauvoei ◽  
Alternative Solutions

<p>El estudio de las clostridiosis en Colombia debe ser una prioridad para nuestras autoridades sanitarias debido al impacto sanitario que causan estas bacterias en la salud animal. Así mismo, la agudeza de los signos y síntomas clínicos de estas patologías, y el hecho que afectan animales en buenas condiciones de carne, hacen que tengan fuerte impacto económico. Se presenta una revisión de las principales investigaciones realizadas sobre clostridiosis en los últimos años, algunas publicadas en literatura científica y otras en literatura gris. Se hace énfasis en la muerte súbita bovina, condición que incluye varias patologías entre las que se destacan el botulismo bovino producido por las neurotoxinas tipo C y D de <em>Clostridium botulinum</em>, el carbón sintomático (pierna negra) causado por <em>Clostridium chauvoei </em>y en menor proporción el tétanos, causado por el <em>Clostridium tetani</em>. Se reportan algunos avances en la estandarización de metodologías de diagnóstico en laboratorio y en campo, lo mismo que resultados de estudios epidemiológicos desarrollados en zonas afectadas por estas enfermedades. Finalmente, se presenta una visión prospectiva sobre la investigación en los clostridios y las clostridiosis, lo mismo que algunas propuestas de solución a la problemática discutida.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Anaerobic soil bacteria causing sudden death in cattle feeding on tropical savannahs: research in Colombia </strong></p><p>The study of the clostridiosis in Colombia must be a priority for sanitary authorities due to the sanitary and economic impact caused by these bacteria. Disease clinical signs and symptoms, and effect on animals in good meat condition suppose a high financial impact. This article reviews major research in clostridiosis in recent years, published in scientific and gray literature. Emphasis is made on bovine sudden death, which includes a number of diseases among them botulism produced by neurotoxins type C and D of <em>Clostridium botulinum</em>; black leg caused by <em>Clostridium chauvoei </em>and to a lesser extent tetanus, caused by <em>Clostridium tetani</em>. Some progress in standardization of laboratory and field methodologies is reported, as well epidemiology in areas affected by these diseases. We conclude with a prospective proposal of research in clostridia and clostridiosis, as well as some ideas on alternative solutions to the problems discussed. </p>

scholarly journals A Case Report of a Botulism Outbreak in Beef Cattle Due to the Contamination of Wheat by a Roaming Cat Carcass: From the Suspicion to the Management of the Outbreak

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Le Maréchal ◽  
Olivier Hulin ◽  
Sabrina Macé ◽  
Cécile Chuzeville ◽  
Sandra Rouxel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Botulinum Type ◽  
Charolais Cattle ◽  
Type C ◽  
Cleaning And Disinfection

We report a botulism outbreak in Charolais cattle fed with wheat flour contaminated by Clostridium botulinum type C and the management of the outbreak at each step from the clinical suspicion to the cleaning and disinfection operations. Diagnosis was based on typical suggestive clinical signs and detection of C. botulinum type C using real-time PCR in samples collected from three young affected bulls. All young exposed bulls and cows (18 animals) eventually died, but three young bulls and one cow were recovering when it was decided to euthanize them. C. botulinum type C was detected in the liver of these four animals. Analysis of the ration components demonstrated that wheat flour, wheat, and the mill used to make flour were positive for C. botulinum type C. A dead cat positive for C. botulinum type C was discovered in the silo where wheat grain was stored and was considered the source of contamination. The cat’s entire body was found mummified, well preserved, and not rotting in the silo. Specific measures, in particular, vaccination of the rest of the herd and cleaning and disinfection operations, were implemented to prevent any recurrence of the outbreak. The presence of wild animal carcasses in feed harboring anaerobic conditions like silage, in particular during harvesting, are known to be at risk for the initiation of a botulism outbreak. This outbreak is a reminder that the presence of an animal carcass in feed, regardless of the kind of feed and whenever the contamination occurs, either during harvesting or storage, is sufficient to induce a botulism outbreak.

scholarly journals Type C botulism in swine fed on restaurant waste

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 1145-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djeison L. Raymundo ◽  
Danilo C. Gomes ◽  
Fabiana M. Boabaid ◽  
Edson M. Colodel ◽  
Milene Schmitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxin ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Intestinal Contents ◽  
Type C ◽  
Food Residues ◽  
Restaurant Waste ◽  
Lateral Recumbency

The paper addresses the epidemiologic data of the death of pigs during the period of 2002 to 2009 following the ingestion of botulinum neurotoxin type C. This neurotoxin was present in food residues originating from restaurant and hotel kitchens, stored in barrels without shelter from the sun and administered in a collective trough without prior thermal treatment. Animals which died at different ages showed clinical signs of botulism characterized by flaccid paralysis, weight loss, anorexia, weakness, lack of coordination, locomotion difficulties with the evolution of lateral recumbency with involuntary urination and defecation. No alterations were observed at postmortem and histological examination. The bioassay with serum neutralization in mice was carried out on samples of intestinal contents from pigs affected and revealed the presence of large quantities of botulinum toxin type C.

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