scholarly journals Monitoring for seismological and geochemical groundwater effects of high-volume pumping of natural gas at the Stenlille underground gas storage facility, Denmark

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trine Dahl-Jensen ◽  
Rasmus Jakobsen ◽  
Tina Bundgaard Bech ◽  
Carsten Møller Nielsen ◽  
Christian Nyrop Albers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Technical Problem ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Storage Facility ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Microcosm Experiment ◽  
Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Storage Area ◽  
Microseismic Activity

The large natural gas storage facility at Stenlille, Denmark, has been monitored to investigate the effect of pumping large amounts of gas into the subsurface. Here, we present a new dataset of microseismicity at Stenlille since 2018. We compare these data with methane in groundwater, which has been monitored since gas storage was established in 1989. Further, we conducted a controlled 172 day microcosm experiment of methane oxidation on an isolated microbial community under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. For this experiment, water was filtered from a well at Stenlille with elevated levels of thermogenic methane and ethane. No microseismic activity was detected in the gas storage area above an estimated detection level of ML 0.0 for the established network. The long-term monitoring for methane in groundwater has still only detected one leak, in 1995, related to a technical problem during injection. The microcosm experiment revealed that oxidation of methane occurred only under aerobic conditions during the experiment, as compared to anaerobic conditions, even though the filtered water was anoxic

Analysis of fault leakage from Leroy underground natural gas storage facility, Wyoming, USA

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 1429-1445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingjie Chen ◽  
Thomas A. Buscheck ◽  
Jeffrey L. Wagoner ◽  
Yunwei Sun ◽  
Joshua A. White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Storage Facility ◽  
Natural Gas Storage ◽  
Fault Leakage

scholarly journals Biomonitoring Studies and Preventing the Formation of Biogenic H2S in the Wierzchowice Underground Gas Storage Facility

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 5463
Author(s):  
Anna Turkiewicz ◽  
Teresa Steliga ◽  
Dorota Kluk ◽  
Zbigniew Gminski
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Storage Facility ◽  
Underground Gas Storage ◽  
Sulphur Compounds ◽  
Organic Sulphur ◽  
Isotopic Analyses ◽  
Production Wells ◽  
Observation Wells

The article discusses the results of biomonitoring research at the Underground Gas Storage (UGS). Hydrogen sulphide, as one of the products of microbiological reaction and transformation, as well as a product of chemical reactions in rocks, is a subject of interest for global petroleum companies. The materials used in this research work were formation waters and stored natural gas. The biomonitoring of reservoir waters and cyclical analyses of the composition of gas stored at UGS Wierzchowice enabled the assessment of the microbiological condition of the reservoir environment and individual storage wells in subsequent years of operation. Investigations of the formation water from individual wells of the UGS Wierzchowice showed the presence of sulphate reducing bacteria bacteria (SRB), such as Desulfovibrio and Desulfotomaculum genera and bacteria that oxidize sulphur compounds. In the last cycles of UGS Wierzchowice, the content of hydrogen sulphide and sulphides in the reservoir waters ranged from 1.22 to 15.5 mg/dm3. The monitoring of natural gas received from UGS production wells and observation wells, which was carried out in terms of the determination of hydrogen sulphide and organic sulphur compounds, made it possible to observe changes in their content in natural gas in individual storage cycles. In the last cycles of UGS Wierzchowice, the content of hydrogen sulphide in natural gas from production wells ranged from 0.69 to 2.89 mg/dm3, and the content of organic sulphur compounds converted to elemental sulphur ranged from 0.055 to 0.130 mg Sel./Nm3. A higher hydrogen sulphide content was recorded in natural gas from observation wells in the range of 2.02–25.15 mg/Nm3. In order to explain the causes of hydrogen sulphide formation at UGS Wierzchowice, isotopic analyses were performed to determine the isotope composition of δ34SH2S, δ34SSO4, δ18OSO4 in natural gas samples (production and observation wells) and in the deep sample of reservoir water. The results of isotope tests in connection with microbiological tests, chromatographic analyses of sulphur compounds in natural gas collected from UGS Wierzchowice and an analysis of the geological structure of the Wierzchowice deposit allow us to conclude that the dominant processes responsible for the formation of hydrogen sulphide at UGS Wierzchowice are microbiological, consisting of microbial sulphate reduction (MSR). The presented tests allow for the control and maintenance of hydrogen sulphide at a low level in the natural gas received from the Wierzchowice Underground Gas Storage facility.

scholarly journals Solid Particles in Natural Gas from a Transportation Network: A Chemical Composition Study

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 3866
Author(s):  
Maxime Cachia ◽  
Hervé Carrier ◽  
Brice Bouyssiere ◽  
Philippe Le Coustumer ◽  
Pierre Chiquet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Storage Facility ◽  
Metallic Elements ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Particle Sampling ◽  
Composition Study ◽  
Scanning Electron

This paper aims to provide the elemental composition of particles found in natural gas. Particle sampling is performed on cellulose filters obtained from an industrial gas storage facility, and the qualitative particle composition is determined by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Our results establish that natural gas may contain solid particles, with sizes ranging from less than 1 μm to more than 50 μm. The observed particles are composed of numerous elements, such as aluminum (Al), silica (Si), sulphur (S), chloride (Cl), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), sodium (Na), manganese (Mg), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), titanium (Ti), nickel (Ni), vanadium (V), potassium (K), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), silver (Ag), cobalt (Co), iodine (I), and barium (Ba), with relative occurrences ranging from 1 to 85%. Moreover, metallic elements enable the formation of larger particles as a result of the agglomeration of smaller particles.

scholarly journals Radar Interferometry as a Comprehensive Tool for Monitoring the Fault Activity in the Vicinity of Underground Gas Storage Facilities

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Rapant ◽  
Juraj Struhár ◽  
Milan Lazecký
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Radar Interferometry ◽  
Underground Gas Storage ◽  
Vienna Basin ◽  
Vertical Movements ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Storage Area ◽  
Storage Structures ◽  
Storage Facilities

Underground gas storage facilities are an important element of the natural gas supply system. They compensate for seasonal fluctuations in natural gas consumption. Their expected lifetime is in tens of years. Continuous monitoring of underground gas storage is therefore very important to ensure its longevity. Periodic injection and withdrawal of natural gas can cause, among other things, vertical movements of the terrain surface. Radar interferometry is a commonly used method for tracking changes in the terrain height. It can register even relatively small height changes (mm/year). The primary aim of our research was to verify whether terrain behavior above a relatively deep underground gas storage can be monitored by this method and to assess the possibility of detecting the occurrence of anomalous terrain behavior in an underground gas storage area such as reactivation of faults in the area. The results show a high correlation between periodic injection and withdrawal of natural gas into/from the underground reservoir and periodic changes in terrain height above it (the amplitude of the height changes is in centimeters), which may allow the detection of anomalous phenomena. We documented special behavior of storage structures in the Vienna Basin: the areas adjacent to the underground gas storages show exactly the opposite phase of vertical movements, i.e., while the terrain above the underground reservoirs rises as natural gas is injected, the adjacent areas subside, and vice versa. Based on the analysis of geological conditions, we tend to conclude that this behavior is conditioned by the tectonic fault structure of the studied area.

Valuation of a natural gas storage facility

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats Kjaer ◽  
Ehud I. Ronn
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Storage Facility ◽  
Natural Gas Storage

scholarly journals Gas Turbine Driven Reciprocating Compressors for a Natural Gas Storage Plant

1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Urban ◽  
Hubert Andrée
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Injection ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Storage Facility ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Natural Gas Storage ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Expansion Phase ◽  
Wide Range

A major expansion phase is underway at the Ruhrgas natural gas storage plant at Epe on the border between West Germany and the Netherlands. The plant already has 8 caverns with a total working capacity of approx. 350 × 106 m3 (n). 28 caverns are to be added, to bring the total to approx. 1.0 × 109 m3 (n). In view of the increase in capacity, it was necessary to raise the power installed for driving gas compressors from the existing figure of approx. 3,000 kW to a total of 12,000 kW in phase II. A minimum of 2 units were required for this figure of 9,000 kW. Epe is already the second largest natural gas storage facility in West Germany and is designed to store both low BTU and high BTU natural gas. The facilities are operated at a wide range of pressures and flow rates. The new compressor units will be used only for gas injection at well head pressures of up to 200 bar.

scholarly journals Results of monitoring groundwater above the natural gas underground storage at Stenlille, Denmark

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
Troels Laier
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
First Year ◽  
Underground Storage ◽  
Storage Facility ◽  
Light Hydrocarbons ◽  
Natural Gas Storage ◽  
Water Wells ◽  
Observation Wells

Groundwater in the Stenlille area is regularly analysed for light hydrocarbons after a natural gas underground storage facility was established there in 1989. The monitoring is carried out by the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland and is part of the authorities’ requirements for the environmental approval of the natural gas storage run by the state-owned Danish Oil and Gas company DONG A/S. Groundwater from observation wells and water wells in the area was analysed every month during the first year of operation and four times a year in the following years. More frequent analyses are undertaken on special occasions.

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