scholarly journals Non-toxic low-cost heavy liquid separation in the Geological Survey of Greenland

1989 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 11-13
Author(s):  
P Schiøler
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Heavy Liquid ◽  
Organic Liquids ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Water Soluble Compound ◽  
Efficient Alternative ◽  
Sodium Polytungstate ◽  
Heavy Liquids

Density separation of mineral and sediment grains into fractions using heavy liquids traditionally employs organic compounds such as bromoform (density 2.89) and tetrabromoethane (density 2.96) which are known to be toxic even at very low concentrations (Van Haaften, 1969) and possibly carcinogenic. In addition, the separated grains are washed with organic solvents such as acetone which may be highly inflammable, and are also a health risk. In recent years, a new water soluble compound, sodium polytungstate (SPT), 3Na2WO4.9WO3.H2O, has become available as a medium for heavy liquid separations, offering an alternative to the heavy organic liquids. Hs use has been discussed by several workers (e.g. Plewinsky & Kamp, 1984; Krukowski, 1988) in a variety of geological settings. The present note summarises experience in GGU's palaeontological laboratory gained from working with SPT for a full year as a replacement for tetrabromoethane and bromoform in the separation of phosphatic microfossils from samples principally of Lower - Middle Cambrian age. Apart from improving the work environment by replacing high health-risk chernicals with water soluble products without known detrimental effects, SPT has proved to be both an economical and potentially efficient alternative to the organic heavy liquids. SPT is patented, and only available from Sometu, Falkenried 4, D 1000 Berlin 33, Federal Republic of Germany.

scholarly journals Development of Parvifloron D-loaded Smart Nanoparticles to Target Pancreatic Cancer

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Santos-Rebelo ◽  
Catarina Garcia ◽  
Carla Eleutério ◽  
Ana Bastos ◽  
Sílvia Castro Coelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Pancreatic Cell ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Form ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Water Soluble Compound ◽  
Efficient Alternative ◽  
Method Yield

Pancreatic cancer is the eighth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. For this reason, the development of more effective therapies is a major concern for the scientific community. Accordingly, plants belonging to Plectranthus genus and their isolated compounds, such as Parvifloron D, were found to have cytotoxic and antiproliferative activities. However, Parvifloron D is a very low water-soluble compound. Thus, nanotechnology can be a promising delivery system to enhance drug solubility and targeted delivery. The extraction of Parvifloron D from P. ecklonii was optimized through an acetone ultrasound-assisted method and isolated by Flash-Dry Column Chromatography. Then, its antiproliferative effect was selectivity evaluated against different tumor cell lines (IC50 of 0.15 ± 0.05 μM, 11.9 ± 0.7 μM, 21.6 ± 0.5, 34.3 ± 4.1 μM, 35.1 ± 2.2 μM and 32.1 ± 4.3 μM for BxPC3, PANC-1, Ins1-E, MCF-7, HaCat and Caco-2, respectively). To obtain an optimized stable Parvifloron D pharmaceutical dosage form, albumin nanoparticles were produced through a desolvation method (yield of encapsulation of 91.2%) and characterized in terms of size (165 nm; PI 0.11), zeta potential (−7.88 mV) and morphology. In conclusion, Parvifloron D can be efficiently obtained from P. ecklonii and it has shown selective cytotoxicity to pancreatic cell lines. Parvifloron D nanoencapsulation can be considered as a possible efficient alternative approach in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.

scholarly journals The use of sodium polytungstate for conodont separations

1988 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman M. Savage
Keyword(s):  
High Viscosity ◽  
Heavy Liquid ◽  
Liquid Sodium ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Sodium Polytungstate ◽  
Heavy Liquids

Abstract. Most conodont workers use heavy liquids that are carcinogenic or toxic in other ways. The use of the non-toxic water-based liquid sodium polytungstate has not been widely accepted because of reports that its high viscosity prevents the more delicate conodonts from settling, that it tends to crystallise during use, and that it is more expensive than traditional liquids. If used in the manner described below, viscosity, cystallisation and cost are no longer problems. The overwhelming advantage of safety then makes sodium polytungstate the heavy liquid of choice for conodont work.

scholarly journals Recent Updates on Electrochemical Detection of Perchlorate Ions

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 4326-4335
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Detection ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Electrical Signal ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Electrochemical Technique ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Water Soluble Compound

Perchlorate is a highly toxic compound. It has both chemical and physical properties. Perchlorate is not easily degradable compound by both bio and non-bio degradation process because of its high stability, highly water soluble compound and low absorption. That’s why perchlorate reduction becomes a big challenge. In this research work we studied different type of electrochemical technique and effect of different electrodes on these techniques. In present days, many techniques were developed for the detection or reduction of perchlorate such as bio-degradation, optical, chemical, electrochemical and microbial technique. This article gives information about application of electrochemical technique for the detection or reduction of perchlorate. The electrochemical techniques have various types for the detection of ion. These techniques grouped on the behalf of various types of electrical signal such as potential or voltage, current and impedance which were produce in the presence of perchlorate into aqueous solution. Electrochemical technique such as impedance spectroscopy, this technique was performed on the electrochemical work station by applied a constant range of frequency. In cyclic voltammetry technique we were given a constant potential range and found results in the form of oxidation and reduction current. In the reduction of perchlorate history various researcher was found results using different electrochemical technique on different types of electrodes. The perchlorate salts and perchlorate have some useful application in the defense field, batteries, automobile airbags, rocket propellants and fuels. Perchlorate contamination is become a worldwide health problems. In many western states perchlorate was found in ground and surface water. It disturbs the thyroid gland to uptake iodine the human body. So its prevention technique was needed. However, the electrochemical techniques have more advantage such as low cost, user friendly, label free and real time monitoring over all other techniques. So we focus on electrochemical detection technique for the perchlorate.

scholarly journals Effects of corn steep liquor on β-poly(l-malic acid) production in Aureobasidium melanogenum

AMB Express ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Genan Wang ◽  
Bingyi Shi ◽  
Pan Zhang ◽  
Tingbin Zhao ◽  
Haisong Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malic Acid ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
The Tca Cycle ◽  
Steep Liquor ◽  
Aureobasidium Melanogenum

Abstractβ-poly(l-malic acid) (PMLA) is a water-soluble biopolymer used in medicine, food, and other industries. However, the low level of PMLA biosynthesis in microorganisms limits its further application in the biotechnological industry. In this study, corn steep liquor (CSL), which processes high nutritional value and low-cost characteristics, was selected as a growth factor to increase the PMLA production in strain, Aureobasidium melanogenum, and its metabolomics change under the CSL addition was investigated. The results indicated that, with 3 g/L CSL, PMLA production, cell growth, and yield (Yp/x) were increased by 32.76%, 41.82%, and 47.43%, respectively. The intracellular metabolites of A. melanogenum, such as amino acids, organic acids, and key intermediates in the TCA cycle, increased after the addition of CSL, and the enrichment analysis showed that tyrosine may play a major role in the PMLA biosynthesis. The results presented in this study demonstrated that the addition of CSL would be an efficient approach to improve PMLA production.

scholarly journals Standardization of Mango (Mangifera Indica L.) Peel Simplisia of Gadung Variety

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Andini Andini ◽  
Cindy Fernanda Putri
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Yellow Colour ◽  
Water Soluble Compound ◽  
Mango Peel ◽  
Compound Concentration

Mango peel (Mangfera indica L.) has many pharmacological effects as a traditional medicine. Therefore, standardization of mango peel simplisia needs to be done as a preparation of phytopharmaca raw material. This research aimed to obtain standardization of mango peel simplisia include specific and non-specific parameter. The research procedures include plant determination, simplisia preparation as well as specific standardization test (includes organoleptic, water-soluble compound concentration, and ethanol solution compound concentration) and nonspecific standardization test (includes moisture content, dried shrinkage, total ash content and acid insoluble ash content). The specific organoleptic parameters of dried mango peel simplisia have a distinctive sweet aroma, bitter taste, and brownish yellow colour. Water-soluble and ethanol-soluble concentrations are 22,36% ± 1,17% and 9,56% ± 0,07%. Moisture content is 9,09% ± 1,44%. Dried shrinkage rate is 0,19% ± 0,04%. Total ash and acid insoluble ash contents are 4,11% ± 0,10% and 0,14% ± 0,03%. The mango peel simplisia has met the quality standard of the raw material.

scholarly journals Polymer-Assisted Modification of Metal-Organic Framework MIL-96 (Al): Influence on Particle Size, Crystal Morphology and Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) Removal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luqman Hakim Mohd Azmi ◽  
Daryl R. Williams ◽  
Bradley P. Ladewig
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Crystal Morphology ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Perfluorooctanoic Acid ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Water Soluble Polymer ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Organic Framework

<div><b>Abstract</b></div><div>A new synthesis method was developed to prepare an aluminum-based metal organic framework (MIL-96) with a larger particle size and different crystal habits. A low cost and water-soluble polymer, hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), was added in varying quantities into the synthesis reaction to achieve >200% particle size enlargement with controlled crystal morphology. The modified adsorbent, MIL-96-RHPAM2, was systematically characterized by SEM, XRD, FTIR, BET and TGA-MS. Using activated carbon (AC) as a reference adsorbent, the effectiveness of MIL-96-RHPAM2 for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) removal from water was examined. The study confirms stable morphology of hydrated MIL-96-RHPAM2 particles as well as a superior PFOA adsorption capacity (340 mg/g) despite its lower surface area, relative to standard MIL-96. MIL-96-RHPAM2 suffers from slow adsorption kinetics as the modification significantly blocks pore access. The strong adsorption of PFOA by MIL-96-RHPAM2 was associated with the formation of electrostatic bonds between the anionic carboxylate of PFOA and the amine functionality present in the HPAM backbone. Thus, the strongly held PFOA molecules in the pores of MIL-96-RHPAM2 were not easily desorbed even after eluted with a high ionic strength solvent (500 mM NaCl). Nevertheless, this simple HPAM addition strategy can still chart promising pathways to impart judicious control over adsorbent particle size and crystal shapes while the introduction of amine functionality onto the surface chemistry is simultaneously useful for enhanced PFOA removal from contaminated aqueous systems.<br></div>

scholarly journals Polymer-Assisted Modification of Metal-Organic Framework MIL-96 (Al): Influence on Particle Size, Crystal Morphology and Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) Removal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luqman Hakim Mohd Azmi ◽  
Daryl R. Williams ◽  
Bradley P. Ladewig
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Crystal Morphology ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Perfluorooctanoic Acid ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Water Soluble Polymer ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Organic Framework

<div><b>Abstract</b></div><div>A new synthesis method was developed to prepare an aluminum-based metal organic framework (MIL-96) with a larger particle size and different crystal habits. A low cost and water-soluble polymer, hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), was added in varying quantities into the synthesis reaction to achieve >200% particle size enlargement with controlled crystal morphology. The modified adsorbent, MIL-96-RHPAM2, was systematically characterized by SEM, XRD, FTIR, BET and TGA-MS. Using activated carbon (AC) as a reference adsorbent, the effectiveness of MIL-96-RHPAM2 for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) removal from water was examined. The study confirms stable morphology of hydrated MIL-96-RHPAM2 particles as well as a superior PFOA adsorption capacity (340 mg/g) despite its lower surface area, relative to standard MIL-96. MIL-96-RHPAM2 suffers from slow adsorption kinetics as the modification significantly blocks pore access. The strong adsorption of PFOA by MIL-96-RHPAM2 was associated with the formation of electrostatic bonds between the anionic carboxylate of PFOA and the amine functionality present in the HPAM backbone. Thus, the strongly held PFOA molecules in the pores of MIL-96-RHPAM2 were not easily desorbed even after eluted with a high ionic strength solvent (500 mM NaCl). Nevertheless, this simple HPAM addition strategy can still chart promising pathways to impart judicious control over adsorbent particle size and crystal shapes while the introduction of amine functionality onto the surface chemistry is simultaneously useful for enhanced PFOA removal from contaminated aqueous systems.<br></div>

Synthesis of propylene glycol phospholipids: analogues of α-lecithins and α-cephalins

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erich Baer ◽  
Angus J. Duke ◽  
Dmytro Buchnea
Keyword(s):  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Hemolytic Activity ◽  
Polyhydric Alcohol ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Asymmetric Center ◽  
Water Soluble Compound ◽  
Soluble Compound ◽  
Dipalmitoyl Lecithin

The synthesis of phospholipids derived from propylene glycol, structurally the least complex polyhydric alcohol to possess an asymmetric center, is described. Representatives of two types of propylene glycol phospholipids were prepared. They are analogues of α-(dipalmitoyl)lecithin and α-(dipalmitoyl)cephalin, and were obtained from D-propylene glycol via the following two series of intermediates: (A) α-trityl D-propylene glycol (I) → α-trityl, β-palmitoyl D-propylene glycol (II) → β-palmitoyl D-propylene glycol (III) → β-palmitoyl D-propylene glycol-α-(phenyl)phosphorylcholine chloride (IV) → β-palmitoyl D-propylene glycol-α-phosphorylcholine (V); and (B) I → II → III → β-palmitoyl D-propylene glycol-α-(phenyl)phosphoryl-N-carbobenzoxyethanolamine (VI) → β-palmitoyl D-propylene glycol-α-phosphorylethanolamine (VII). The palmitoyl D-propylene glycol-α-phosphorylcholine, a highly water-soluble compound, possesses strong hemolytic activity, whereas the palmitoyl D-propylene glycol-α-phosphorylethanolamine has no hemolytic properties whatsoever.

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