scholarly journals Recent Updates on Electrochemical Detection of Perchlorate Ions

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 4326-4335
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Detection ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Electrical Signal ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Electrochemical Technique ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Water Soluble Compound

Perchlorate is a highly toxic compound. It has both chemical and physical properties. Perchlorate is not easily degradable compound by both bio and non-bio degradation process because of its high stability, highly water soluble compound and low absorption. That’s why perchlorate reduction becomes a big challenge. In this research work we studied different type of electrochemical technique and effect of different electrodes on these techniques. In present days, many techniques were developed for the detection or reduction of perchlorate such as bio-degradation, optical, chemical, electrochemical and microbial technique. This article gives information about application of electrochemical technique for the detection or reduction of perchlorate. The electrochemical techniques have various types for the detection of ion. These techniques grouped on the behalf of various types of electrical signal such as potential or voltage, current and impedance which were produce in the presence of perchlorate into aqueous solution. Electrochemical technique such as impedance spectroscopy, this technique was performed on the electrochemical work station by applied a constant range of frequency. In cyclic voltammetry technique we were given a constant potential range and found results in the form of oxidation and reduction current. In the reduction of perchlorate history various researcher was found results using different electrochemical technique on different types of electrodes. The perchlorate salts and perchlorate have some useful application in the defense field, batteries, automobile airbags, rocket propellants and fuels. Perchlorate contamination is become a worldwide health problems. In many western states perchlorate was found in ground and surface water. It disturbs the thyroid gland to uptake iodine the human body. So its prevention technique was needed. However, the electrochemical techniques have more advantage such as low cost, user friendly, label free and real time monitoring over all other techniques. So we focus on electrochemical detection technique for the perchlorate.

scholarly journals Non-toxic low-cost heavy liquid separation in the Geological Survey of Greenland

1989 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 11-13
Author(s):  
P Schiøler
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Heavy Liquid ◽  
Organic Liquids ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Water Soluble Compound ◽  
Efficient Alternative ◽  
Sodium Polytungstate ◽  
Heavy Liquids

Density separation of mineral and sediment grains into fractions using heavy liquids traditionally employs organic compounds such as bromoform (density 2.89) and tetrabromoethane (density 2.96) which are known to be toxic even at very low concentrations (Van Haaften, 1969) and possibly carcinogenic. In addition, the separated grains are washed with organic solvents such as acetone which may be highly inflammable, and are also a health risk. In recent years, a new water soluble compound, sodium polytungstate (SPT), 3Na2WO4.9WO3.H2O, has become available as a medium for heavy liquid separations, offering an alternative to the heavy organic liquids. Hs use has been discussed by several workers (e.g. Plewinsky & Kamp, 1984; Krukowski, 1988) in a variety of geological settings. The present note summarises experience in GGU's palaeontological laboratory gained from working with SPT for a full year as a replacement for tetrabromoethane and bromoform in the separation of phosphatic microfossils from samples principally of Lower - Middle Cambrian age. Apart from improving the work environment by replacing high health-risk chernicals with water soluble products without known detrimental effects, SPT has proved to be both an economical and potentially efficient alternative to the organic heavy liquids. SPT is patented, and only available from Sometu, Falkenried 4, D 1000 Berlin 33, Federal Republic of Germany.

scholarly journals Microcontroller Based Portable Anemometer for Wind Monitoring System

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 6262-6267
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Liquid Crystal Display ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electrical Signal ◽  
Military Operations

Weather monitoring and forecasting system plays an important role nowadays in all the aspect of science, trade and other fields not limited to the field of cultivation, farming, fishery, naval trade, shipping, military operations, air navigation etc. Wind speed and wind direction is one of the most vital weather variables like moisture, pressure, temperature, density, rain forecast, solar radiation, clouds, air masses, fronts and storms. In this paper, a low cost PIC16F887 microcontroller based portable wind speed and wind direction monitoring system called an anemometer is designed & experimented. The designed anemometer is divided into two parts namely mechanical and electrical parts. Both parts are developed, designed and tested in this research work. Wind turns the cup of Anemometer and produced mechanical energy that converted to electrical energy or signal. The electrical signal or pulse intervals determine by the microcontroller and generate consequence pulses to find out the wind speed. The programming codes inside the microcontroller helps to extract the voltage drops measured from a potentiometer connected to the mechanical part of Anemometer and intellect the wind direction precisely. A lucrative 16x2 liquid crystal display (LCD) is used to display the wind speed and direction.

scholarly journals Laser-Induced Graphene Electrodes Modified with a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Detection of Tetracycline in Milk and Meat

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Biresaw D. Abera ◽  
Inmaculada Ortiz-Gómez ◽  
Bajramshahe Shkodra ◽  
Francisco J. Romero ◽  
Giuseppe Cantarella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecularly Imprinted Polymer ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Differential Pulse ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Imprinted Polymer ◽  
Meat Extract ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted

Tetracycline (TC) is a widely known antibiotic used worldwide to ‘’treat animals. Its residues in animal-origin foods cause adverse health effects to consumers. Low-cost and real-time measuring systems of TC in food samples are, therefore, extremely needed. In this work, a three-electrode sensitive and label-free sensor was developed to detect TC residues from milk and meat extract samples, using CO2 laser-induced graphene (LIG) electrodes modified with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) used as a synthetic biorecognition element. LIG was patterned on a polyimide (PI) substrate, reaching a minimum sheet resistance (Rsh) of 17.27 ± 1.04 Ω/sq. The o-phenylenediamine (oPD) monomer and TC template were electropolymerized on the surface of the LIG working electrode to form the MIP. Surface morphology and electrochemical techniques were used to characterize the formation of LIG and to confirm each modification step. The sensitivity of the sensor was evaluated by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), leading to a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.32 nM, 0.85 nM, and 0.80 nM in buffer, milk, and meat extract samples, respectively, with a working range of 5 nM to 500 nM and a linear response range between 10 nM to 300 nM. The sensor showed good LOD (0.32 nM), reproducibility, and stability, and it can be used as an alternative system to detect TC from animal-origin food products.

scholarly journals Optimisation of an Electrochemical DNA Sensor for Measuring KRAS G12D and G13D Point Mutations in Different Tumour Types

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Bukola Attoye ◽  
Matthew J. Baker ◽  
Fiona Thomson ◽  
Chantevy Pou ◽  
Damion K. Corrigan
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Detection ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Carbon Surface ◽  
Electrochemical Technique ◽  
Dna Sensor ◽  
Liquid Biopsies ◽  
Detection Scheme ◽  
Current Time ◽  
Label Free Detection ◽  
Pre Treatment

Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) is widely used in liquid biopsies due to having a presence in the blood that is typically in proportion to the stage of the cancer and because it may present a quick and practical method of capturing tumour heterogeneity. This paper outlines a simple electrochemical technique adapted towards point-of-care cancer detection and treatment monitoring from biofluids using a label-free detection strategy. The mutations used for analysis were the KRAS G12D and G13D mutations, which are both important in the initiation, progression and drug resistance of many human cancers, leading to a high mortality rate. A low-cost DNA sensor was developed to specifically investigate these common circulating tumour markers. Initially, we report on some developments made in carbon surface pre-treatment and the electrochemical detection scheme which ensure the most sensitive measurement technique is employed. Following pre-treatment of the sensor to ensure homogeneity, DNA probes developed specifically for detection of the KRAS G12D and G13D mutations were immobilized onto low-cost screen printed carbon electrodes using diazonium chemistry and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride/N-hydroxysuccinimide coupling. Prior to electrochemical detection, the sensor was functionalised with target DNA amplified by standard and specialist PCR methodologies (6.3% increase). Assay development steps and DNA detection experiments were performed using standard voltammetry techniques. Sensitivity (as low as 0.58 ng/μL) and specificity (>300%) was achieved by detecting mutant KRAS G13D PCR amplicons against a background of wild-type KRAS DNA from the representative cancer sample and our findings give rise to the basis of a simple and very low-cost system for measuring ctDNA biomarkers in patient samples. The current time to receive results from the system was 3.5 h with appreciable scope for optimisation, thus far comparing favourably to the UK National Health Service biopsy service where patients can wait for weeks for biopsy results.

OPTICAL DATA STORAGE IN ACID RED DYES

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (06) ◽  
pp. 339-347
Author(s):  
DEEPA SANKAR ◽  
P. K. PALANISAMY
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Optical Data Storage ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Writing Beam ◽  
Gelatin Films ◽  
Coherent Beams ◽  
Acid Red 73

High-density optical data storage is a current field gaining importance where research work is done in abundance to bring about holographic CDs to light. Dye-doped gelatin films are promising candidates as recording materials for holographic data storage because of the ease of preparation and low cost. In this report we suggest some acid red dyes as useful recording materials for optical data storage. Acid red dyes namely Acid Red 73 and Acid Red 114 that are completely water-soluble are used to sensitize gelatin thin films for data storage. These dyes have their absorption peak around 514 nm. Two coherent beams of Argon ion laser (514.5 nm) are used to form the grating in the dye-sensitized gelatin films. The grating formed is found to be permanent. The diffraction efficiency of each material as a function of different parameters like dye concentration, writing beam intensities and their ratios and spatial frequency has been studied and presented. An attempt to store data in the sample has been made.

Solubility Enhancement of Poorly Water-Soluble Antifungal Drug Acyclovir by Nanocrystal Formulation Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 4036-4042
Author(s):  
Prakash Goudanavar ◽  
Ankit Acharya ◽  
Vinay C.H
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Dsc Studies ◽  
Ft Ir

Administration of an antiviral drug, acyclovir via the oral route leads to low and variable bioavailability (15-30%). Therefore, this research work was aimed to enhance bioavailability of acyclovir by nanocrystallization technique. The drug nanocrystals were prepared by anti-solvent precipitation method in which different stabilizers were used. The formed nanocrystals are subjected to biopharmaceutical characterization including solubility, particle size and in-vitro release. SEM studies showed nano-crystals were crystalline nature with sharp peaks. The formulated drug nanocrystals were found to be in the range of 600-900nm and formulations NC7 and NC8 showed marked improvement in dissolution velocity when compared to pure drug, thus providing greater bioavailability. FT-IR and DSC studies revealed the absence of any chemical interaction between drug and polymers used. 

scholarly journals Demonstration of a Label-Free and Low-Cost Optical Cavity-Based Biosensor Using Streptavidin and C-Reactive Protein

Biosensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Donggee Rho ◽  
Seunghyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Optical Cavity ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Label Free ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Cavity Structure

An optical cavity-based biosensor (OCB) has been developed for point-of-care (POC) applications. This label-free biosensor employs low-cost components and simple fabrication processes to lower the overall cost while achieving high sensitivity using a differential detection method. To experimentally demonstrate its limit of detection (LOD), we conducted biosensing experiments with streptavidin and C-reactive protein (CRP). The optical cavity structure was optimized further for better sensitivity and easier fluid control. We utilized the polymer swelling property to fine-tune the optical cavity width, which significantly improved the success rate to produce measurable samples. Four different concentrations of streptavidin were tested in triplicate, and the LOD of the OCB was determined to be 1.35 nM. The OCB also successfully detected three different concentrations of human CRP using biotinylated CRP antibody. The LOD for CRP detection was 377 pM. All measurements were done using a small sample volume of 15 µL within 30 min. By reducing the sensing area, improving the functionalization and passivation processes, and increasing the sample volume, the LOD of the OCB are estimated to be reduced further to the femto-molar range. Overall, the demonstrated capability of the OCB in the present work shows great potential to be used as a promising POC biosensor.

scholarly journals Integrating high-performing electrochemical transducers in lateral flow assay

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Perju ◽  
Nongnoot Wongkaew
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Analytical Performance ◽  
Label Free ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Lateral Flow Assays ◽  
Electrochemical Transducers

AbstractLateral flow assays (LFAs) are the best-performing and best-known point-of-care tests worldwide. Over the last decade, they have experienced an increasing interest by researchers towards improving their analytical performance while maintaining their robust assay platform. Commercially, visual and optical detection strategies dominate, but it is especially the research on integrating electrochemical (EC) approaches that may have a chance to significantly improve an LFA’s performance that is needed in order to detect analytes reliably at lower concentrations than currently possible. In fact, EC-LFAs offer advantages in terms of quantitative determination, low-cost, high sensitivity, and even simple, label-free strategies. Here, the various configurations of EC-LFAs published are summarized and critically evaluated. In short, most of them rely on applying conventional transducers, e.g., screen-printed electrode, to ensure reliability of the assay, and additional advances are afforded by the beneficial features of nanomaterials. It is predicted that these will be further implemented in EC-LFAs as high-performance transducers. Considering the low cost of point-of-care devices, it becomes even more important to also identify strategies that efficiently integrate nanomaterials into EC-LFAs in a high-throughput manner while maintaining their favorable analytical performance.

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