scholarly journals PIONEERS OF FOREST BREEDING IN THE CENTRAL BLACK EARTH REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 81-98
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Tsarev
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Central Research Institute ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Forest Genetics ◽  
Scientific Production Association ◽  
Scots Pine Forest

The article contains brief information from the life and scientific work of the founders of forest breeding, who worked in Voronezh. On the initiative of N.P. Kobranov in 1919, on the basis of Voronezh Agricultural Institute, a forestry department was opened, which was later transformed into the forestry faculty, and since 1930 Voronezh Forestry Institute (now VSUFT) was organized. The main scientific work of N.P. Kobranov is the country's first publication on forest selection - the monograph “Oak selection” (1925), which also outlined possible ways of selection development of forest woody plants in general. Further, his associates and colleagues were engaged in the introduction and selection of forest tree species in the pre-war period: O.G. Kapper ("Study of ecotypes of tree species", 1946; "Conifers", 1954, etc.) and S.A. Samofal (manuscript of his doctoral dissertation "Heredity and variability of forest species and their importance for forest growing", 1938, etc.). Then a huge contribution to the development of forest breeding in the country was made by M.M. Veresin ("Forest seed production", 1963; "Centennial experience of afforestation in the Savalsky forestry", 1963; "Forests of Voronezh", 1971; a new program for forest selection for universities, 1966, etc.). He is the author of grandiose experiments on the geographical planting of Scots pine on an area of about 40 hectares, including more than 350 origins. In addition, he created oak, nut, Karelian birch, seed plantations and collections of hybrids of different tree species. He developed a number of new highly productive poplar hybrids. The director of the Voronezh Forestry Institute V.I. Rubtsov, who himself laid large-scale experimental field facilities for Scots pine forest plantations. Vasily Ivanovich played an important role in the creation of Central Institute of Forest Genetics and Breeding in Voronezh. Among the well-known successors of forest selection work in the country is the director of All-Union Scientific Production Association "Soyuzlesselektsiya" A.I. Iroshnikov. Under him (together with Voronezh Forestry Institute and the Central Research Institute of Forest Genetics and Breeding), a department of forest selection was organized. All these scientists have shown an example of selfless service to the chosen cause

Relationships between nitrogen, acid-unhydrolyzable residue, and climate among tree foliar litters

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Berg ◽  
Chunjiang Liu ◽  
Ryszard Laskowski ◽  
Matthew Davey
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Common Oak

Using literature data, we investigated coniferous and broadleaf litter from 58 tree species using a database encompassing concentrations of N and acid-unhydrolyzable residue (AUR) (gravimetric lignin) in newly shed litter, mean annual temperature, and mean annual precipitation. Our aims were to (i) demonstrate any large-scale relationships between concentrations of N and AUR in foliar litter and (ii) determine differences in this respect among litter from Pinus and Quercus. To this end, we had collected foliar litter data for Asia and Europe, forming a climate gradient. Litter from broadleaf and coniferous trees differed significantly in concentrations of N (p < 0.0001, 9.64 versus 5.50 mg/g, respectively) and AUR (p < 0.0001, 219 versus 292 mg/g, respectively). There were highly significant positive linear relationships between concentrations of N and AUR for broadleaf (p < 0.0001) and coniferous litter (p < 0.0001). There were also significant positive relationships for AUR as a function of N concentration for the genera Pinus and Quercus but not within species. That for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was negative and that for common oak (Quercus robur L.) not significant.

scholarly journals A Novel Method for Efficient Micropropagation of Radermachera xylocarpa (Roxb.) K. Schum., a Rare Medicinally Important Forest Species

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manjary Sathe ◽  
Megha Vibhute ◽  
Monica Jain ◽  
Pankaj Srivastav
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Mass Propagation ◽  
Forest Tree Species ◽  
Bud Induction ◽  
Indigenous Forest

Radermachera xylocarpa (Roxb.) K. Schum. is a rare indigenous forest tree species which is utilized for its wood and medicinal properties. Due to its overexploitation and specific habitat requirements the species is restricted to limited areas. In vitro mass propagation of tree species faces various challenges and no such efforts have yet been taken in propagation of this useful plant using these methods.  In order to overcome the hurdles and understanding an urgent need of its conservation and mass propagation present authors attempt to develop a simple effective tissue culture protocol for regeneration of R. xylocarpa. Nodal explants were cultured on MS supplemented with various concentrations of cytokinins and auxins.  Among different cytokinins, maximum bud induction and proliferation was obtained in media supplemented with Kn along with IBA and for effective root induction which is tough to obtain in tree species, 100% rooting was achieved in cultures with increasing concentrations of IBA. Field survival is a major challenge with regenerated plants of forest tree species. We report here for the first time 100% survival of plants in soil by carefully standardizing the period of hardening and acclimatization procedures. A novel and effective in vitro regeneration protocol of R. xylocarpa has been successfully standardized which can be adopted for large scale propagation, reforestation and conservation of rare Radermachera xylocarpa of medicinal importance.Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 23(1): 21?29, 2013 (June)DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v23i1.15556

scholarly journals Population variability of scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in Turkey according to the needle morphology

2021 ◽  
Vol 145 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 347-354
Author(s):  
Arzu Ergül Bozkurt ◽  
Kamil Coşkunçelebi ◽  
Salih Terziog˘lu
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Population Diversity ◽  
Clinal Variation ◽  
Needle Length ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Needle Morphology ◽  
Management Plans

In the present study, needle variation of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L., Pinaceae) populations in Turkey was investigated. From selected eight populations, a total of 1314 needles belonging to 206 trees were examined. Four morphological needle traits were measured and analyzed to describe the population diversity and differentiation. Analyzed morphological traits showed significant variability. The trees within populations differ significantly in all analyzed needle characteristics, while the differences between populations were significant for the three of four studied characteristics. Present findings revealed that needle length, needle width and the ratio of needle length to needle width showed clinal variation in response to altitudinal gradients. Populations from higher altitudes were characterized with the smaller and wider needles as compared to the populations from lower altitudes. The results of this study could be valuable baseline data for the development of more efficient management plans for this forest tree species.

scholarly journals The peculiarities of archival heuristics in seeking information on the history of Soviet industry of Sevastopol in the central archives (on the example of the source complex on the history of Sevastopol branch of the Central Research Institute “Compass” in the Central State Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation of St. Petersburg)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Anna Vasil'evna Kuz'mina ◽  
Roman Sergeevich Lyalin
Keyword(s):  
Central Research Institute ◽  
Scientific Production ◽  
Production Association ◽  
Central Research ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Technical Documentation ◽  
Central State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Production Association ◽  
Research Institute

The subject of this research is the information potential of the source complex of archival documents dedicated to the history of Sevastopol Central Research Institute &ldquo;Compass&rdquo; in the Central State Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation of St. Petersburg. Since Sevastopol was not only an industrial, but also a scientific and technological center, the engineering departments lead unique developments, which were later implemented in various sectors nationwide. Both, enterprises and engineering departments were integrated into a unified all-Union system, which justifies using not only the city archive, but also central archives to find sources on the history of industrial development of Sevastopol during the Soviet period. This article is dedicated to determination and detailed analysis of the documents related to the history of Sevastopol Central Research Institute &ldquo;Compass&rdquo;. The authors dwell on the types of the preserved departmental documents, provide explicit examples, and analyze the peculiarities of documentation. The work is based on the range previously unpublished archival documents. The conclusion is made that materials from the fund of the Central Research Institute &ldquo;Compass&rdquo; of the Central State Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation of St. Petersburg demonstrates the place and role of Sevastopol branch within the system of this organization, unlike the local documents stored the city archive of Sevastopol, which are focused on the local tasks and problems, and do not fully reflect the structural issues of the entire Scientific Production Association. Analyzing the extracted archival information on the Scientific Production Association &ldquo;Compass&rdquo;, the authors conclude that both the association itself and the Ministry of Shipbuilding Industry of the Soviet Union were focused on strengthening integration and interrelation of enterprises both within the Central Research Institute &ldquo;Compass &ldquo; and industry as a whole, which manifested in establishment of the Council of the Scientific Production Association &ldquo;Compass&rdquo;; its documents are also stored in the fund.

scholarly journals Region effects influence local tree species diversity

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 674-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Ricklefs ◽  
Fangliang He
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Environmental Heterogeneity ◽  
Species Coexistence ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Coexisting Species ◽  
Species Production ◽  
Significant Region

Global patterns of biodiversity reflect both regional and local processes, but the relative importance of local ecological limits to species coexistence, as influenced by the physical environment, in contrast to regional processes including species production, dispersal, and extinction, is poorly understood. Failure to distinguish regional influences from local effects has been due, in part, to sampling limitations at small scales, environmental heterogeneity within local or regional samples, and incomplete geographic sampling of species. Here, we use a global dataset comprising 47 forest plots to demonstrate significant region effects on diversity, beyond the influence of local climate, which together explain more than 92% of the global variation in local forest tree species richness. Significant region effects imply that large-scale processes shaping the regional diversity of forest trees exert influence down to the local scale, where they interact with local processes to determine the number of coexisting species.

scholarly journals Early changes in soil organic carbon following afforestation of former agricultural land

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Vopravil ◽  
Pavel Formánek ◽  
Jaroslava Janků ◽  
Ondřej Holubík ◽  
Tomáš Khel
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Forest Tree Species

Afforestation of less productive, risky and degraded agricultural land is one of the methods which is recommended for practical agriculture to increase the carbon sequestration. In this study, we have attempted to determine the effect of afforestation of agricultural land (warm, mildly dry climatic region of the Czech Republic) on the soil organic carbon (C<sub>ox</sub>) concentrations in the mineral soil. Two soil types (Haplic Chernozem and Haplic Cambisol) were afforested. Both an indirect estimation (loss-on-ignition method) as well as chromsulfuric acid mixture oxidation were used to determine the organic carbon content in the soil samples and the methods were compared. In the case of the Haplic Chernozem, the C<sub>ox</sub> concentration at a depth of 0–10 cm after 1–3 years of afforestation with pedunculate oak or Scots pine significantly decreased (P &lt; 0.01 and P &lt; 0.004, respectively) with the stand age. Similar to the case of the Haplic Chernozem, the C<sub>ox</sub> concentration in the Haplic Cambisol also significantly decreased in the variants with Scots pine (P &lt; 0.003) or a mixture of forest tree species (P &lt; 0.006); no significant (P &gt; 0.05) decrease was found in the case of a mixture of forest tree species on the Haplic Chernozem or with Douglas fir on the Haplic Cambisol. Significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) C<sub>ox</sub> concentrations were typically found in the case of 1-year-old stands compared to 2-year-old or 3-year-old stands. A higher C<sub>ox</sub> loss than the quantity of residues returned to the soils may be the reason the soil C<sub>ox</sub> concentration significantly (P &lt; 0.00001 and P &lt; 0.000001) decreased for the control agricultural plots (Haplic Chernozem and Haplic Cambisol). The carbon stock in the upper 10 cm of the 5-year-old stands was higher on the Haplic Chernozem and lower on the Haplic Cambisol compared to the control agricultural plots.

scholarly journals Forest genetics: pattern and complexity

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-632
Author(s):  
Gene Namkoong
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Evolutionary Genetics ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Stable System ◽  
Forest Genetics ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamic ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Forest Tree Species ◽  
Efficient Breeding ◽  
Conservation Ethic

The study of gene effects requires both reductionist and integrationist approaches to discern even simple effects as well as the multiple effects of single genes and the effects of multiple genes on phenotypes. Evolutionary genetics also requires use of both approaches to discern the mixed patterns of genotypic distributions that we observe in forest tree species. While this evolutionary dynamic does not necessarily generate a stable system, it has generally provided a diversity that can be used to design efficient breeding and conservation programs. The management of such programs, however, also requires us to develop a conservation ethic.

scholarly journals Occurrence but not intensity of mortality rises towards the climatic trailing edge of tree species ranges in European forests

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Changenet ◽  
Paloma Ruiz-Benito ◽  
Sophia Ratcliffe ◽  
Thibaut Fréjaville ◽  
Juliette Archambeau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
National Forest Inventory ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Trailing Edge ◽  
Species Ranges ◽  
Geographical Patterns ◽  
Background Mortality

AbstractAimTree mortality is increasing worldwide, leading to changes in forest composition and altering global biodiversity. Yet, due to the multi-faceted stochastic nature of tree mortality, large-scale spatial patterns of mortality across species ranges and their underlying drivers remain difficult to understand. Our main goal is to describe the geographical patterns and drivers of the occurrence and intensity of tree mortality in Europe. We hypothesize that the occurrence of mortality represents background mortality and is higher in the margin than the core populations, whereas the intensity of mortality could have a more even distribution according to the spatial and temporal stochasticity of die-off events.LocationEurope (Spain, France, Germany, Belgium, Sweden and Finland)Time period1981 to 2014.Major taxa studiedMore than 1.5 million trees belonging to 20 major forest tree speciesMethodsWe develop hurdle models to tease apart the occurrence and intensity of tree mortality in National Forest Inventory plots at range-wide scale. The occurrence of mortality indicates that at least one tree has died in the plot and the intensity of mortality refers to the number of trees dead per plot.ResultsThe highest mortality occurrence was found in peripheral regions and the climatic trailing edge linked with drought, whereas the intensity of mortality was driven by competition, drought and high temperatures and was uniformly scattered across species ranges.Main conclusionsOur findings provide a new perspective in our understanding of tree mortality across species ranges. We show that tree background mortality but not die-off is generally higher in the trailing edge populations, but whether other demographic traits such as growth, reproduction and regeneration would also decrease at the trailing edge of European tree populations needs to be explored.

scholarly journals CLINICAL EVALUATION OF UNANI DRUGS MAJOON MUQAWWI RAHIM IN THE SAYALAN AL RAHIM (SIBYANI) PRE PUBERTAL VAGINAL DISCHARGE: A PRELIMINARY STUDY

2019 ◽  
pp. 328-333
Author(s):  
Maqbool Ahmad Khan ◽  
*Najmus Saher ◽  
Mohd Naime ◽  
Jamal Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Central Research Institute ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Unani Medicine ◽  
Young Girls ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Research Institute

The pre-pubertal vulvo vaginal discharge (sayalan al rahimsibyani) is increasing slowly but steadily in young girls has been a well-known disease among young women since ages. Now a day’s almost all Unani physicians at from Hippocrates 360 BC down to Shiekh Abu Ali Sina 910 AD Ibn –ul-Nafees, Ibn e Zuhr and Indian origin physicians like Hakeem Shareef Khan, Hakeem Akbar Arzani, Hakeem Mohd Azam Khan and Hakeem Abdul Aziz have mentioned the disease in there treatise and suggested single as well as compound drugs for internal and external use, The study has been conducted successfully by the Central Research Institute of Unani Medicine Lucknow, to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Unani drugs in the treatment of the disease. The pre pubertal vaginal discharge is not a new phenomenon in young girls, but due to the social stigmait is discussed in Indian society. Some studies suggest that various internal and external factors are causing the disease but to the best of over knowledge only a few studies have been conducted in the Indian sub-continent hence the Central Research Institute of Unani Medicine, ministry of AYUSH Govt. of India took upon itself the responsibility and conducted a clinical trial on 22 young girls with consent of their parents and Majoon muqawwi rahim an Unani pharmacopeial formulation was administrated orally in semi solid form and the results are so encouraging that CCRUM may plan a bigger study in large scale and lead the country in the treatment of PPV through herbal Unani formulation and provide relief the suffering young girls.

Typology of the natural regeneration in a middle-aged Scots pine forest

1988 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. De Schepper
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Free Field ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Scots Pine Forest ◽  
Forest Practice ◽  
Scots Pine Stands

The  study describes the natural regeneration state of a forest on coarse sandy  soils. The natural regeneration was studied in three different ecological  conditions: in 30 to 60 year old Scots pine stands, in a 62 year old mixed  stand of pedunculate oak and red oak, and on the free field.     The analysis of the regeneration groups revealed that the first settler  maintained a dominant social position during the following years after the  settlement. The structural basis is consequently laid out early. This means  that the forest practice has to consider the very first phase of the  regeneration as determining for the following evolution of the regeneration  groups.

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