A Systematic Review of Pica and Geophagy in Japan and Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Christopher D. Golden ◽  
Curie Ahn ◽  
Yusuke Okubo ◽  
Satowa Suzuki ◽  
Young S. Yi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
English Language ◽  
Medical Evidence ◽  
Culturally Specific ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
The World ◽  
Broad Variety ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Language Literature

Pica, the craved and purposive consumption of non-food substances, is a globally widespread behavior that has critical connections to public health. Although there is a rich literature describing these behaviors from nearly every culture around the world, there is a dearth of English language literature reporting these behaviors in Japan and Korea. Here, we systematically reviewed the medical evidence of pica in Korean and Japanese language journals to confirm their presence in these cultures and to characterize culturally-specific factors associated with these behaviors. We used Ichusi-Web and KoreaMed with a broad variety of recombined search terms including “pica,” “geophagy,” “amylophagy,” and “trichobezoar” in Korean and Japanese characters. Our results confirm that pica is present in both of these cultures, with particularly frequent reports of trichobezoar (the consumption of human hair).

scholarly journals Review of the Book “Cultural Hybridization in the Contemporary Novel” By Diana-Eugenia Panait-Ioncică

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-99
Author(s):  
Adriana Grigorescu
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Contemporary Novel ◽  
Cultural Hybridization ◽  
Spiritual Meaning ◽  
English Language Literature ◽  
The World ◽  
Language Literature

Abstract The book “Cultural Hybridization in the Contemporary Novel” attempts a bold feat: to present, out of a diversity of works in contemporary English language literature, some books that are truly valuable for the reader. It invites us to ponder on some of the hottest topics the world is currently facing, including the mixture of cultures, migration and its consequences on today’s culture and literature, the longing for home and its spiritual meaning.

scholarly journals Histopathological observations in COVID-19: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
pp. jclinpath-2020-206995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishwajit Deshmukh ◽  
Rohini Motwani ◽  
Ashutosh Kumar ◽  
Chiman Kumari ◽  
Khursheed Raza
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Immune Systems ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
Meta Analyses

BackgroundCoronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has caused a great global threat to public health. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared COVID-19 disease as a pandemic, affecting the human respiratory and other body systems, which urgently demands for better understanding of COVID-19 histopathogenesis.ObjectiveData on pathological changes in different organs are still scarce, thus we aim to review and summarise the latest histopathological changes in different organs observed after autopsy of COVID-19 cases.Materials and methodsOver the period of 3 months, authors performed vast review of the articles. The search engines included were PubMed, Medline (EBSCO & Ovid), Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus and Bio-Medical. Search terms used were ‘Histopathology in COVID-19’, ‘COVID-19’, ‘Pathological changes in different organs in COVID-19’ or ‘SARS-CoV-2’. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2009 guidelines were used for review writing.ResultWe identified various articles related to the histopathology of various organs in COVID-19 positive patients. Overall, 45 articles were identified as full articles to be included in our study. Histopathological findings observed are summarised according to the systems involved.ConclusionAlthough COVID-19 mainly affects respiratory and immune systems, but other systems like cardiovascular, urinary, gastrointestinal tract, reproductive system, nervous system and integumentary system are not spared, especially in elderly cases and those with comorbidity. This review would help clinicians and researchers to understand the tissue pathology, which can help in better planning of the management and avoiding future risks.

The Fundamentals of Resident Dismissal

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Schenarts ◽  
Sean Langenfeld
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Program Director ◽  
Resident Evaluation ◽  
Breach Of Contract ◽  
Educational Malpractice ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Language Literature ◽  
Legal Opinion

Residents have the rights and responsibilities of both students and employees. Dismissal of a resident from a training program is traumatic and has lasting repercussions for the program director, the faculty, the dismissed resident, and the residency. A review of English language literature was performed using PUBMED and OVID databases, using the search terms, resident dismissal, resident termination, student dismissal, student and resident evaluation, legal aspects of education, and remediation. The references of each publication were also reviewed to identify additional appropriate citations. If the Just Cause threshold has been met, educators have the absolute discretion to evaluate academic and clinical performance. Legal opinion has stated that it is not necessary to wait until a patient is harmed to dismiss a resident. Evaluations should be standard and robust. Negative evaluations are not defamatory as the resident gave consent to be evaluated. Provided departmental and institutional polices have been followed, a resident can be dismissed without a formal hearing. Residencies are entitled to modify academic requirements and dismissal is not considered a breach of contract. Although there is anxiety regarding resident dismissal, the courts have uniformly supported faculty having this role. When indicated, failure to dismiss a resident also places the program director and the faculty at risk for educational malpractice.

scholarly journals Emotions, reasoning, and mental health as predictors of behavior during three phases of the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanick Leblanc-Sirois ◽  
Marie-Ève Gagnon ◽  
Isabelle Blanchette
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Public Health Policy ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Reasoning Style

The COVID-19 pandemic has required people worldwide to adjust their behavior for several months in response to a crisis of rare proportions. Little is known about the specific factors that affected the progression of the public’s reactions during the pandemic. Individual factors associated with pandemic-related behavior in general, and compliance with public health measures in particular, are not firmly established. We undertook a survey of behavior, emotions, reasoning style, and mental health in the province of Quebec at the beginning, the peak, and the aftermath of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. We recruited 530 responders from a convenience sample; 154 responders participated in all three surveys. Emotions were most intense at the beginning of the first wave of the pandemic, not at its peak. Responders’ compliance with three public health measures decreased between the peak and the aftermath of the first wave of the pandemic; however, mask wearing also became more common. Pandemic-related behavior in general, and compliance with public health measures specifically, were predicted by avoidance-related emotions evoked by the pandemic. Approach-related emotions linked to the societal response contributed specifically to the prediction of compliance with public health measures. In contrast, reasoning style and mental health did not as consistently predict behavior during the pandemic. Our research may help inform public health policy during other waves of the COVID-19 pandemic and future global health crises.

scholarly journals The Incidence and Prevalence of Neuromyelitis Optica

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Ann Marrie ◽  
Caroline Gryba
Keyword(s):  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
English Language ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Language Literature

Interest in neuromyelitis optica (NMO) has increased substantially over the last few years, but it is not known whether NMO has the same geographic and temporal variations in disease risk as multiple sclerosis (MS). We aimed to evaluate the worldwide incidence and prevalence of NMO through a systematic review of published peer-reviewed studies. We performed a search of the English-language literature using MEDLINE and EMBASE from January 1985 to March 2012. Search terms included “neuromyelitis optica,” “Devic's,” “opticospinal,” “incidence,” “prevalence,” and “epidemiology.” We assessed study quality using a standardized instrument. A total of five studies met the inclusion criteria. Three of the studies were from North America, and all studies were published between 2005 and 2012. All studies were of good quality, but only one study reported standardized rates, and subgroup-specific estimates were rarely reported. The incidence of NMO per 100,000 population ranged from 0.053 to 0.40, while the prevalence per 100,000 population ranged from 0.52 to 4.4. Heterogeneity was high among the incidence (I2 = 68.0%) and prevalence studies (I2 = 94.0%). This review highlights the limited knowledge regarding the epidemiology of NMO and the importance of obtaining estimates standardized to common populations to enhance comparability of studies from different jurisdictions. Future studies would also benefit from reporting age-, sex-, and race- or ethnicity-specific estimates.

scholarly journals Exploring the curriculum development in content and language integrated learning: A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1102
Author(s):  
Lingli Li ◽  
Fuquan Huang ◽  
Siyu Chen ◽  
Leiqiong Pan ◽  
Wenjie Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Curriculum Development ◽  
English Language ◽  
Research Library ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Integrated Learning ◽  
Holistic Model ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Spread

<p><span>Content and language integrated learning (CLIL) is a booming innovation pervading many educational settings. The global spread of CLIL is being practiced in classrooms the world over. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of systematic curricula for CLIL, despite its widespread adoption. Furthermore, the majority of teachers are implementing CLIL without the support of suitable published materials or resource banks. To explore and explain the curriculum development in CLIL, 281 studies from 2009 to 2019 were reviewed systematically, focusing on peer-reviewed English-language journals. We identified studies through using 'Content and Language Integrated Learning' and CLIL as the search terms in the ProQuest Research Library and EBSCOhost databases. Selected articles were organized into five inquiry areas and analyzed thematically, inspired by the curriculum development model proposed by Pawlas and Oliva: 1) CLIL philosophy; 2) CLIL goals; 3) CLIL plan; 4) CLIL implementation; and 5) CLIL evaluation. Based on these themes, Boyer's scholarship of integration was introduced to propose a holistic model for CLIL curriculum development.</span></p>

Pharmacologic Treatment of Opioid-Induced Sedation in Chronic Pain

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 727-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E Reissig ◽  
Amy M Rybarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Trial Design ◽  
English Language ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Pharmacologic Treatment ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Limited Support ◽  
Pharmacologic Management ◽  
Language Literature

OBJECTIVE: To review the literature for pharmacologic management of opioid-induced sedation (OIS) in patients with chronic pain. DATA SOURCES: A search of MEDLINE (1966–October 2004) for English-language literature and selected bibliographies was completed. Search terms included pain, opioid, sedation, psychostimulants, amphetamines, modafinil, and donepezil. DATA SYNTHESIS: Amphetamines and amphetamine-like agents, caffeine, donepezil, and modafinil have been evaluated for OIS. Available literature is limited by numbers of subjects, duration, and trial design; however, there is limited support for the use of methylphenidate, donepezil, and modafinil. CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacologic treatment of OIS should be utilized selectively, given the available literature. Methylphenidate, donepezil, and modafinil may be considered in appropriate patients.

scholarly journals The relationship between headache-attributed disability and lost productivity: 1. A review of the literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simple Futarmal Kothari ◽  
Rigmor Hølland Jensen ◽  
Timothy J Steiner
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Headache Disorders ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Lost Productivity ◽  
Text Reading ◽  
Disease Study ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Language Literature

Abstract Background Headache disorders are disabling and have a significant impact on productivity. The relationship between these two consequences is of considerable economic and political interest. We enquired into it through a systematic search of the English-language literature. Methods We followed PRISMA guidelines in specifying search terms and syntax and in article selection. We used the term “disability” in the search, accepting any meaning that authors attached to it, but this proved problematic. Accordingly, we adopted the definition used in the Global Burden of Disease study. In article selection, we included only those that purported to measure disability as so defined and lost productivity. We reviewed the full texts of those selected. We included further articles identified from review of the bibliographies of selected articles. Results The literature search found 598 studies, of which 21 warranted further review. Their bibliographies identified another four of possible relevance. On full-text reading of these 25, all were rejected. Ten applied incompatible definitions of disability and/or lost productivity. Two did not measure both. Four reported lost productivity but not disability. Eight studies reported and measured both but did not assess the association between them or provide the means of doing so. One was purely methodological. Conclusions The literature is silent on the relationship between headache-attributed disability and lost productivity. In view of its health economic and political importance, empirical studies are required to remedy this. A prerequisite is to clarify what is meant by “disability” in this context.

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS AND ANALYTICAL METHODS OF MANNITOL: AN UPDATE

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-32
Author(s):  
ALANKAR SHRIVASTAVA ◽  
SANJAY SHARMA ◽  
MONIKA KAURAV ◽  
ABHISHEK SHARMA
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compound ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
English Language ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Sugar Alcohol ◽  
Compound A ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Language Literature

Mannitol is an organic compound, a widely distributed natural sugar alcohol in nature. It is found in various plant species and produced by many microorganisms. Mannitol is about 50% as sweet as sucrose, has a low glycaemic index and inert nature, making it suitable to be used in many food products. Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic administering through the iv route and having many clinical usages and is one of the well-known excipients in many different types of formulations. This is also used to increase the dissolution of drugs having solubility problems. Mannitol can be used as a drug and excipient. The goal of this work was to summarize the important physicochemical properties, mechanism of action, production, applications, incompatibilities, polymorphism, and particularly the analytical methodologies published in the last five decades for quantification. Relevant articles related to analytical methods were identified through a search of the English-language literature indexed in Medline, PubMed, ScienceDirect and google scholar from 1970 to till date. The search terms were benign estimation of mannitol, determination of mannitol, methods for determination of mannitol, HPLC and Spectrophotometry method for estimation of mannitol. The methods described in USP, IP, and BP are also described. The presented review also outlines the further scope of research in the field of development of analytical methods.

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