Review on Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete by Using Waste Materials

2019 ◽  
pp. 526-531
Author(s):  
Anand G ◽  
Tharunkumar N
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Waste Material ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Fine Aggregate

Concrete ingredients is different material like binding material (cement+ fly ash), fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and water. Today construction cost is very high with using conventional materials due to unavailability of natural materials. This problem can be solved by total replacement of concrete with different material which is not convenient in terms of required properties. Due to this limitation of unavailability of material which plays the vital role of concrete we have only choice of partial replacement of concrete ingredients by waste materials. Overv4.2 billion tons of cement was consumed globally in 2018 based on survey of world coal association and also cement production emits CO2 in to the atmosphere which is harmful to the nature. If we can partially replace the cement with the material with desirable properties then we can save natural material and reduce emission of CO2 in to the atmosphere. This industrial waste dumping to the nearest site which spoils the land and atmosphere as well as it also affects aesthetics of urban environment so use of this waste material in concrete is cost effective as well as environment friendly way to disposal of waste. The primary objective of this study is to select the waste material which gives desirable properties with concrete. This study includes previous investigation done on the mechanical and chemical properties of concrete produced using partial replacement of cement by waste materials.

scholarly journals Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate Using Waste Materials in Concrete as Roof Tile: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 1200 (1) ◽  
pp. 012008
Author(s):  
K Supar ◽  
F A A Rani ◽  
N L Mazlan ◽  
M K Musa
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Waste Material ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Coconut Fiber ◽  
Roof Tile ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
Stone Dust

Abstract The use of waste material as a partial replacement has become popular in concrete mixture studies. Many research has utilized waste materials like cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, and reinforcing materials substitute. The current paper focuses on some of the waste elements that are utilized in a concrete mortar (use in roof tile) as a partial replacement for fine aggregates such as rubber ash, sawdust, seashells, crumb rubber, pistachio shells, cinder sand, stone dust, and copper slag. There are many variations of mix proportion and water-cement ratio for every waste material. Compressive strength was compared and found that stone dust and the combination of seashell and coconut fiber shows an incensement when used to replacing fine aggregate. The suitable replacement level for stone dust is 25% and 50%. While the suitable replacement levels for the combination of sea shell and coconut fiber are 20% and 30%. Material from the rubber families such as rubber crumb and rubber ash is only suitable for replacement levels. Rubber families especially rubber crumbs have shown low water absorption value which is good in the production of roofing products. As we know, the roof should have waterproof properties to prevent any leaks from happening when it rains. Most of the waste materials added as fine aggregates in concrete have increased the amount of water absorption and found that sawdust is the most abundant material with a high percentage of water absorption compared to the others. Research on the partial replacement of fine aggregates replaced with waste materials is needed more extensively to provide more confidence about their use in concrete mortars, especially on roof tiles.

Wastes generated by mineral extraction industries

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Wieszczycka
Keyword(s):  
Large Volume ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Waste Material ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Mineral Extraction

Abstract Mineral extraction industries at each mining step generate large volume of waste, and most of them represent potentially sources of crucial metals. This chapter describes extraction and main mining processes, principal classifications of the generated wastes, as well as the chemical properties of the waste material, their disposal and further treatment to recover metals. Most of the presented technological solutions are or have been tested in real processes or using real waste materials.

scholarly journals Evaluating Optimum Strength of Geopolymer Concrete using Quarry Rock Dust with inclusion of natural and hybrid fibers under ambient curing

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Geopolymer Concrete ◽  
Hybrid Fibers ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Rock Dust

Conventionally used cement –a primary binder also a necessitate element in producing concrete rates first in the construction industry. Production of conventional cement requires a greater skill and is energy intensive. The usage of waste materials in the production of concrete and reduction in cement content was only the possible alternative in the past decade. Associated risks with the production of Ordinary Portland Cement are well known. A greener aided with a natural friendly claim can be made only with the usage of the waste materials and reduction in evolving respiration gas to the atmosphere. Almost all works are carried out using source material fly ash, with fine aggregate and coarse aggregate. Concrete plays a vital role in the construction industry and on the other hand, river sand; one of the essential material has become very expensive which is a scarce material. Depletion of sand is a hectic issue due to increased usage of sand in construction. No other replacement materials such as quarry rock dust is not concentrated in casting geopolymer specimens. Even though in some research papers the replacement materials are added only in partial replacement without aiming on 100% replacement. Many researches mainly focus towards test results of GPC specimens using steel fibers, glass fibers. But the study related to natural fibers and hybrid fibers are found scarce. The main part of this work aimed at characterizing the engineering strength properties of geopolymer concrete by 100% replacement of fine aggregate with quarry rock dust. Hence, combination of flyash and quarry rock dust in GPC have been considered for evaluating the mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete. Also, investigation focuses on incorporation of three different fibers namely polypropylene fibers(PF), coir fibers(CF) and hybrid fibers(HF) in different percentage of proportions such as 0.5%,1%,and 1.5% to determine the maximum strength properties of GPC.

scholarly journals Performance of Concrete with Waste Plastics and M-Sand as Replacement for Fine Aggregate

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1667-1669
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Split Tensile Strength ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Waste Plastic ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
Territorial Government

In recent days, there is an intense need for an alternate cost effective and sustainable raw material for concrete which does not make the structure inferior in strength. An experimental study on the utilization of the waste plastic and M-sand in the place of river sand and aggregate partially was performed in paper. In the scenario of scarcity of river sand due to the territorial government action and restriction of usage because of the eco and environmental consideration, M-Sand is found to be an effective replacement and cost effective material. Concrete specimens were casted with combination of M-sand and plastic waste with 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% and compared against control mix. Cube test for compressive strength study, cylinder test for split tensile strength study and prism test for flexural strength study were done with the proposed concert mixture. All the specimens and tests were done for different curing period of 7, 14 and 28 days. The results obtained from the proposed mix of concrete are compared with the conventional concrete mix specimen respectively. The replacement of fine aggregates reduces the quantity of river sand to be used in concrete and also plastic fibres are proved to be more economical. Positive performance of the concrete with waste plastic and M-Sand as partial replacement of river sand was observed on all the experiments and found optimal in sustainable and economical performance.

scholarly journals Zeolites application in terrestrial and space industry – a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 209-223
Author(s):  
Adelina Miteva ◽  
Valeria Stoyanova
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Ion Exchangers ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Space Industry ◽  
Synthetic Zeolites ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Chemical Properties

This brief overview presents an attempt to systematize some of the available historical and recent data on the impact of zeolite science and engineering on the progress of various areas of Earth and Space development. The basic structural and chemical properties of natural and synthetic zeolites are presented. Valuable applications of the zeolites, such as catalysts, gas adsorbers and ion exchangers are also included. The most commonly used methods for the synthesis of zeolites from different materials are presented, as well as some Bulgarian developments for the reuse of waste materials to zeolites. The important role of zeolites as an indispensable material for improving the quality of soil, fuels, water, air, etc., required for the needs of orbiting space stations and spacecrafts has been confirmed by typical examples.

scholarly journals Gendered Social Capital Guiding Women Career Planning: A Quantitative study at University of the Punjab

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tayyaba Sohail ◽  
Inam-ul-Haq ◽  
Raja Muhammad Shoaib
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Career Planning ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
The Social ◽  
Trust And Reciprocity ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
The University

Social capital is manifested through the relationships and networks that the human species own. Further, it is strengthened with trust and reciprocity. It inculcates the value of helping each other based on the principle of ‘Mutually Beneficial Actions’. Various actors and agents play their roles in producing the social capital, yet women play the most vital role in its production due to their domestic chores, more frequent engagement with family and neighborhood. Thus, it is an essential to know that if she takes an equivalent benefit from the social capital. The primary objective of the present research determines out the role of social capital in women’s career planning. The informal social networks, family, friends, and neighborhood are selected to the social capital. In the meantime, 150 female respondents from the University of the Punjab were selected using the non-probability convenience sampling technique from the final year of the Masters and Bachelors program. The findings of the study showed as the positive relation of social capital with career planning.

scholarly journals Compressive Strength of Concrete with Construction and Demolition Waste and m-SAND using Additives

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S10) ◽  
pp. 935-937
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Manufactured Sand ◽  
Coarse Aggregates

Construction and Demolition wastes(C&D wastes) are generated in all cities of the world due to rapid urbanization. Disposing C & D waste these days is a costly affair, and raises environmental issues. Hence an attempt is made to reuse the demolished concrete as a partial replacement of natural coarse aggregates. Also due to ban of sand mining by local authorities, the cost of natural fine aggregate is very high and itself becoming a scarce material. Hence crushed stone aggregates called manufactured sand (m sand) is used, totally replacing natural fine aggregates. This concept is found to be cost effective, minimizes disposal of C & D wastes, and leads towards Green Building Concepts. Compression test on M40 concrete cubes of size 150mmx150mmx150mm are conducted at end of 7 days and 28days. Mix design for M40 concrete is made in accordance to IS: 10262-2019 with water cement ratio of 0.45 using 53 Grade Ordinary Portland cement. Superplasticizer (LIQUIFIX) is used to enhance workability. Nano Silica (NS)(1.5% by weight of cement),Wollastonite powder(WP)(10%by weight of cement) and Basalt fibres(BF)(1% by weight of cement) are added as additives. It is observed, that compressive strength of 7 days and 28 days cured samples is 25% more with the addition of all three additives compared to samples without additives. Hence the loss of compressive strength obtained by using demolished concrete as aggregates and m sand in concrete is regained with the addition of additives.

scholarly journals Waste Material Ashes Used in Concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1S3) ◽  
pp. 192-195
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Hardened Concrete ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Saw Dust ◽  
Sugar Cane Bagasse Ash ◽  
Disposal Problem

Disposal problem of waste materials and excessive demand on naturally available resources due to rapid urban development has opened possibilities for use of waste materials in construction industry. Many waste materials are used in concrete as replacement to cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and reinforcement. Here review of some waste materials, whose ash is used as partial replacement to cement in concrete, is presented. Different properties of fresh and hardened concrete, when admixed with ash of waste materials are reviewed. Concrete containing sugar cane bagasse ash, ground nut shell ash, rice husk ash, saw dust ash, and tobacco waste ash are reviewed. After review, it is observed that further studies are required on all waste ashes replacing cement, which will reveal more potential on their usage in concrete. Concrete containing ash of waste materials attained demanded strength within 5% to 20% replacement.

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