scholarly journals Virali and Artistic Background Change

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Poongodi A

Humans carried the ideas that came to their minds to the people through the arts. Artists are those who have the power to express the arts to others through their culture. The role of such artists in the Sangam era was of great importance. Ninga had a place in the kingdom and in the battlefields. In Sangam songs, the words for the artist were Panar, Porunar, Kuiluvar, Vayiriyar, Viraliyar, Kuttar, Kannular and Patiniyar. Although all of these are generic, there is a subtle difference between the names in terms of musical instruments' playing, dancing, and singing skills. Of these, Viraliyar is a feminist and singer. Virali is a performer who leads a nomadic life. Virali, who excelled in receiving gifts, exemplified the success of kings through their arts. The literature shows that they received valuables gifts like mountain, country, gold, jewelers when they sang songs in praise of the kings. In perumpanatrupadaiviralis beauty was lauded from head to toe. The detailed description is present inkesathipatha. From these descriptions we can get to understand their significance. Such a beautiful and elegantviralis transferred intoparaththiyarover a period of time.

2021 ◽  
Vol 917 (1) ◽  
pp. 012023
Author(s):  
V B L Sihotang ◽  
P Semedi ◽  
A Triratnawati

Abstract Forest has a crucial role in elevating public welfare. It provides various products such as food, beverages, clothes, residence, musical instruments, and medicines. The medicines originated from the forest could act as the supplier for livelihood particularly for a traditional healer. The traditional healer is one of the health treatments sources for the people of Sebesi Island. For traditional healers, the forest is also beneficial in the knowledge production of traditional medication. This study purposes to examine the role of the forest in knowledge production carried out by traditional healers and identify the patterns of knowledge production. Data collection was done through interviewing, involving four traditional healers in Tejang Village, Sebesi Island, South Lampung. Another method was literature study related to the roles of forests in traditional medication and knowledge production. The knowledge production process can occur through giving agents, both human and non-human ones, namely teachers, family members, books, and dreams. The interaction between those healers with the forest also resulted in the medication knowledge. The role of the forest in the knowledge production of traditional medication is that it transforms into a place for semedi or meditation when doing ngelmu, knowledge sources about medication, and the place for the existence of medicinal plants.


Author(s):  
Imogen Van Pierce

What began as a humble sketch on the back of an envelope, the Hundertwasser Art Centre with Wairau Māori Art Gallery project has evolved into a unique and ambitious quest for artistic representation in Northland. The history of this controversial public art project, yet to be built, has seen a number of debates take place, locally and nationally, around the importance of art in urban and rural societies and the broader socio-economic context surrounding the development of civic architecture in New Zealand. This project has not only challenged the people of Northland to think about the role of art in their community, but it has prompted New Zealanders to question whether there is an appropriate level of investment in the arts in New Zealand.


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Budrianto Budrianto Budrianto ◽  
Wilma Sriwulan ◽  
Marta Rosa

AbstrakPenelitian bertujuan untuk membahas peran gitar sebagai bentuk apropriasi dalam kesenian rejung pada masyarakat suku bashemah ,sekaligus bertujuan untuk menambah wawasan,mendeskripsikan dan mencari kebenaran tentang kesenian tersebut mengapa kesenian ini memakai iringan permainan gitar konvensional barat. Rejung adalah perpaduan antara sastralisan beserta iringan musik menggunakan petikan gitar. Irama-irama rejung sangatlah beragam dan khas.Sastralisan yangterkandung dalam rejung terletak pada tembang-tembangnya, berupa pantun nasehat, pesanmoral, sindiran, kisah seseorang, sebuah ungkapan perasaan antara muda-mudi dan ucapan-ucapan yang dirasakan dalam hati seperti merintih,meratapi nasib,dan menyesali hidup dengan menggunakan bahasa daerah. Gitar dalam kesenian rejung berfungsi sebagai melodi pokok sekaligus pengatur tempo. Dalam musik konvensional gitar difungsikan sebagai iringan musik modern atau musik barat. sementara berbeda halnya dengan kesenian rejung,secara musikal gitar tunduk  sebagai alat musik tradisi di dalam kesenian rejung. Metodologi yang digunakan ialah metodologikualitatif dalam lingkup musik. Dengan adanya  penelitian ini untuk menambah nilai historis sebuah kesenian daerah itu sendiri dan berharap menjadi suatu referensi literasi pengetahuan bagimasyarakat kabupaten kaurdan masyarakat umum. Dalam karya tulis ini disimpulkan bahwa musik rejung memiliki gaya khas musik timur dengan memakai instrumen musik barat dan memiliki ciri khas musik tradisional Indonesia.           Kata Kunci : Rejung, Gitar Konvensional, Apropriasi.  AbstractThe study aims to discuss the role of the guitar as a form of appropriation in the art of rejung to bashemah tribal people, as well as aiming to broaden insight, describe and seek truth about the art, why is this art using conventional Western guitar playing. Rejung is a combination of oral literature and musical accompaniment using guitar passages. The rhythm of the rejung is very diverse and distinctive. Oral literature contained in the rejung lies in the songs, in the form of rhymes of advice, moral messages, satire, the story of a person, an expression of feelings between young people and words that are felt in the heart such as moaning, lamenting fate, and regretting life by using local language. The guitar in the rejung art serves as the main melody as well as the tempo regulator. In conventional music the guitar is functioned as an accompaniment of modern music or western music. while in contrast to the rejung art, musical guitars are subject to traditional musical instruments in the art of rejung. The methodology used is a qualitative methodology in the scope of music. With the existence of this research to add the historical value of the regional art itself and hope to become a reference of knowledge literacy for the people of the district of Kaur and the general public. In this paper it was concluded that rejung music has a distinctive style of eastern music by using western music instruments and has the characteristics of traditional Indonesia music. Keywords: Rejung, conventional guitar, appropriation. 


2015 ◽  
pp. 2065-2077
Author(s):  
Pauline Etim-Ubah

This paper will argue that the arts can contribute to wellbeing by supporting positive mental wellbeing as demonstrated in the breadth and quality of current arts and mental health practice. This practice challenges existing notions of evidence-based policy used to inform the development of public services. The exploration of relationship between arts and mental health highlights the specific interventions that demonstrate effective engagement with people experiencing mental health issues. The paper outlines the contextual background of arts and mental health and makes reference to the ongoing influence of earlier art movements like Outsider art. Then, the following examples of practice: art therapy, social prescribing, community arts projects and art in public spaces, will be brought together in order to classify arts and mental health as a distinct field which can be compared and contrasted to the wider arts and health movement. Finally this paper will deconstruct and analyze what arts and mental health practice means in terms of understanding mental health; challenging what is accepted as artwork and the role of people with mental health needs as artists. This paper asks for new and appropriate ways to measure the outcomes of the arts as a public service that recognize the expertise of the people and communities creating and experiencing the art.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 642-663
Author(s):  
Siobhán Wills ◽  
Cahal McLaughlin

Abstract During its operations against gangs in the period 2004–2007 the UN Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) killed and injured many people who were not posing a threat to anyone and were not involved in criminal activity. In Operations Iron Fist (2005) and New Forest (2006) an estimated 60 people were killed, some by bullets fired from helicopters penetrating the roofs of their corrugated metal shacks. Survivors claim that no one from the UN or from any state agency has ever visited their neighbourhood to speak to them—‘it’s as though you’re worthless’. This article discusses the making of the film It Stays With You: Use of Force by UN Peacekeepers in Haiti—which was produced using participatory practices—and the project team’s use of the film to raise awareness of the need for reform of UN rules of engagement and for an investigation into excessive use of force by MINUSTAH. The article also discusses the use of the film to challenge the exclusion from the MINUSTAH success narrative of the stories of the people who live in the targeted community, and to provide a platform that might enable the experiences of survivors to be publicly acknowledged internationally. Funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council, It Stays With You forms part of an interdisciplinary law and film studies research project, which explores the role of film as a method of addressing trauma and as a means of highlighting the need for a human rights-oriented approach to accountability in the conduct of UN law enforcement operations.


Panggung ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauly Purba

ABSTRACT Up to the 1990’s the use of the gondang sabangunan, the traditional ceremonial music ensamble of the Batak Toba people,  still played an important role in the practice of their adat (customary law) ceremonies—such as wedding and funeral ceremonies. In present time, however, the so-called musik tiup, a combination of Western brass instruments and Batak Toba traditional musical instruments, tends  to take place of the role of the gondang sabangunan in the adat ceremonies; its use is in fact countinuous. This paper aims to investigate whether or not it is a kind of  social process of  forming a new musical culture identity of the Batak Toba people in Medan. Ethnomusicological and ethno- historical approaches are used in investigating this particular social phenomenon. This research uses decriptive method and the result shows that, on one hand, the people intend to look after their ances- tors’ traditions through the practice of adat ceremonies where they use musik tiup, yet at the same time, they not only perform traditional gondang repertoires (gondang compositions) but also employ certain instruments of the gondang sabangunan ensamble. On the other hand, through the use of musik tiup the people mean to construct and  enrich their musical culture identity. Keywords: Batak Toba, musik tiup, Gondang Sabangunan, identity, adat    ABSTRAK Hingga  dekade  1990an  penggunaan  gondang  sabangunan,  ensambel  musik  seremo- nial masyarakat Batak Toba Toba di kota Medan, masih memainkan peran yang penting di dalam upacara-upacara adat, antara lain upacara perkawinan dan kematian. Namun, dewasa ini ensambel yang dikenal sebagai musik tiup, yang merupakan kombinasi alat musik tiup logam (dari kebudayaan Barat) dengan alat musik dari kebudayaan Batak Toba, kelihatannya menggantikan posisi ensambel gondang sabangunan di dalam upacara-upa- cara adat; kondisi ini berkesinambungan. Apakah ini suatu dinamika proses sosial dalam rangka pembentukan identitas kebudayaan musikal yang baru bagi masyarakat Batak Toba di kota Medan? Pendekatan etnomusikologi dan etnohistori diaplikasikan dalam hal me- mahami dan menganalisa masalah ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dan hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa di satu sisi, masyarakat berusaha menjaga kesinambungan tradisi musik leluhur mereka melalui pelaksanaan upacara adat walaupun dengan format ensambel yang berbeda (musik tiup), tetapi tetap memberi ruang kepada elemen musik dan ekstra musikal tradisi gondang Batak Toba, khususnya instrumen dan melodi gondang. Di sisi yang lain, melalui musik tiup masyarakat memberikan kontribusi pada pengayaan identitas kebudayaan musikalnya. Kata kunci: Batak Toba, musik tiup, Gondang Sabangunan, identitas, adat


2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Raymond H. Allard

This dissertation is concerned with the effects of censorship on the arts community during the apartheid era in South Africa, and in the post apartheid era that followed. Through interviews and various sources, a picture will be presented that examines the contrasts and similarities of the two eras. Chapter One will present an overview of South African history, from its beginnings in 1653 to the first popular election in 1994. It will show how the religious beliefs and accompanying attitudes of the in-coming colonialists created a social atmosphere in which the system of apartheid was able to flourish and grow. It will also show how apartheid ultimately crumbled under pressure from growing resistance and violence among the people it sought to control. Chapter Two is comprised primarily of the results of several interviews with selected artists, showing how the various individuals thought about censorship, how they dealt with all the restrictive laws, and how they were able to pursue their art making under these conditions. Personal experiences illuminate the effects of such censorship, and opinions about the value and necessity of censorship are summarized. Various of the interviewees talk specifically about what actions they took under the apartheid regime, and how they viewed, and continue to view, the role of the artist in society. Chapter Three uses several case studies to illustrate what is currently happening concerning censorship and art in the post-apartheid era. Opinions and reactions to current conditions will be presented, and specific instances of censorship or attempted censorship will offer a comparison with the previous era. This will illustrate how much liberty artists today enjoy in South Africa. Several significant issues are raised by such examples; Issues of potency and importance to any culture. Finally, the artists themselves look ahead, and provide a picture of the future for arts in this society .


Author(s):  
Vivian Y. Li

This article explores the prominent role of the amateur artist in the conception of communist visual culture in China during the Maoist years (1949–1976). Focusing on two groups of amateur art manuals for the promotion of producing visual arts and meishuzi by the nonartists of the general public, this study reveals the dynamic process of changing authorship and the public nature of the amateur arts in the People’s Republic. In offering detailed explanations of core artistic concepts, techniques, and model examples, the manuals reflect an institutional management of the amateur artists and their creative impulses. Authored by professional artists, but intended for amateurs, the manuals speak of ideological tensions at play in the communist effort of bringing the arts to the people.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-80
Author(s):  
Zhang Zhen ◽  
Jiang Jiehong ◽  
Ellen Y. Chang

This conversation, originally conducted in Chinese, explores the role of films, movie theaters, screens, streaming platforms, and documentary filmmaking in China during the initial wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Zhang Zhen and Jiang Jiehong—professors at Tisch School of the Arts, New York University, and Birmingham City University, UK, respectively—discuss the human rights movement prompted by state-sanctioned racist violence, feminist interventions in filmmaking practices, documentation of the pandemic in China, and tensions between state discourse and minjian (unofficial, unaffiliated, grassroots, and among-the-people) narratives.


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