scholarly journals The use of E-Cigarettes among Adolescents in the United States

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Dr. Henry O’lawrence ◽  
Dr. Linda Martinez ◽  
Andre Garcia ◽  
Patricia Ramos ◽  
Dejay Pequillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Parental Guidance ◽  
Interview Survey

Latest research has indicated that e-cigarettes are not safe for all ages, from kids to young adults, and it has been estimated that 99% of the e-cigarettes sold in the U.S. contained nicotine. This study further investigated why the underage smoking of e-cigarettes is increasing, especially among youth in California. Additionally, the study investigated secondary data from California’s Health Interview Survey (CHIS, 2017) was used to determine if the health effects caused by e-cigarette smoking, as well as future directions and implications. The research question was to determine whether smoking has increased in teens in the United States due to vaping and e-cigarette devices and whether there is a positive correlation to e-cigarette advertisement and the insufficiency of government regulations The researchers came up with a single hypothesis determine if the lack of information about the negative health effects, regulation, and parental guidance are contributing factors to the increase of adolescent smoking in the United States.

Analysis of Linguistically and Culturally Tailored Initiatives in Websites of Kidney Transplant Programs in the United States Between 2013-2018

2020 ◽  
pp. 152692482097859
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Caicedo ◽  
Samuel Carbunaru ◽  
Joseph Tyler Brooks ◽  
Christopher Chiodo Ortiz ◽  
Alejandro Chiodo Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Research Question ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wait Times ◽  
Minority Populations ◽  
Culturally Tailored ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Surgical Teams ◽  
Made In

Introduction: Minority patients constitute the majority of the kidney transplant waiting list, yet they suffer greater difficulties in listing and longer wait times to transplantation. There is a lack of information regarding targeted efforts by transplant centers to improve transplant care for minority populations. Research Question: Our aim was to analyze all kidney transplant websites in the United States to identify changes over a 5-year period in the number of multilingual websites, reported culturally targeted initiatives, and center and provider diversity. Design: Surveys were developed to analyze center websites of all transplant programs in the United States. Those with incomplete information about their nephrology or surgical teams were excluded, resulting in 174 (73%) sites in 2013 and 185 (76%) in 2018. Results: Few websites were available in a language other than English, 6.3% in 2013 and 9.7% in 2018 (P = 0.24). Only 3 websites (1.3%) in 2013 and 7 (3.7%) in 2018 reported any evidence of a culturally targeted initiative (P = 0.23). In 2018, 35% of centers employed a Hispanic transplant physician, 77% had a transplant physician who spoke a language other than English, and 39% had a transplant physician who spoke Spanish. Discussion: Although minority patients are expected to grow in the United States, decreased access to transplantation continues to vex the transplant community. Very little progress has been made in the development of multilingual websites and culturally targeted initiatives.

Mass School Shootings in the United States: A Novel Root Cause Analysis Using Lay Press Reports

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (13) ◽  
pp. 1423-1428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris A. Rees ◽  
Lois K. Lee ◽  
Eric W. Fleegler ◽  
Rebekah Mannix
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Root Cause Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
School Shootings ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Mass Shootings ◽  
Cause Analysis ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Root Cause

School shootings comprise a small proportion of childhood deaths from firearms; however, these shootings receive a disproportionately large share of media attention. We conducted a root cause analysis of 2 recent school shootings in the United States using lay press reports. We reviewed 1760 and analyzed 282 articles from the 10 most trusted news sources. We identified 356 factors associated with the school shootings. Policy-level factors, including a paucity of adequate legislation controlling firearm purchase and ownership, were the most common contributing factors to school shootings. Mental illness was a commonly cited person-level factor, and access to firearms in the home and availability of large-capacity firearms were commonly cited environmental factors. Novel approaches, including root cause analyses using lay media, can identify factors contributing to mass shootings. The policy, person, and environmental factors associated with these school shootings should be addressed as part of a multipronged effort to prevent future mass shootings.

scholarly journals The United States Eye Injury Registry: Past and Future Directions

Ophthalmology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel Chen ◽  
Gerald McGwin ◽  
Grant A. Justin ◽  
Fasika A. Woreta
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eye Injury ◽  
Future Directions

scholarly journals “Wars” on COVID-19 in Slovakia, Russia, and the United States: Securitized Framing and Reframing of Political and Media Communication Around the Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta N. Lukacovic
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Political Communication ◽  
Research Question ◽  
The United States ◽  
Frame Element ◽  
Political Factions ◽  
Russian Media ◽  
The Government

This study analyzes securitized discourses and counter narratives that surround the COVID-19 pandemic. Controversial cases of security related political communication, salient media enunciations, and social media reframing are explored through the theoretical lenses of securitization and cascading activation of framing in the contexts of Slovakia, Russia, and the United States. The first research question explores whether and how the frame element of moral evaluation factors into the conversations on the securitization of the pandemic. The analysis tracks the framing process through elite, media, and public levels of communication. The second research question focused on fairly controversial actors— “rogue actors” —such as individuals linked to far-leaning political factions or militias. The proliferation of digital media provides various actors with opportunities to join publicly visible conversations. The analysis demonstrates that the widely differing national contexts offer different trends and degrees in securitization of the pandemic during spring and summer of 2020. The studied rogue actors usually have something to say about the pandemic, and frequently make some reframing attempts based on idiosyncratic evaluations of how normatively appropriate is their government's “war” on COVID-19. In Slovakia, the rogue elite actors at first failed to have an impact but eventually managed to partially contest the dominant frame. Powerful Russian media influencers enjoy some conspiracy theories but prudently avoid direct challenges to the government's frame, and so far only marginal rogue actors openly advance dissenting frames. The polarized political and media environment in the US has shown to create a particularly fertile ground for rogue grassroots movements that utilize online platforms and social media, at times going as far as encouragement of violent acts to oppose the government and its pandemic response policy.

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