scholarly journals Order and Disorder in Sangam Poems: On the Basics of Paanar-Puluvar Tradition

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
N Murugesapandian
Keyword(s):  
Gender Segregation ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Order And Disorder ◽  
The Social ◽  
Practical Life ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Theory Of Law ◽  
Celestial Sphere ◽  
Social Document

The theory of law, which deals with supernatural powers, shaped the myth of the celestial sphere. Religions that justify birth and gender segregation and produce slave bodies to adapt to the prevailing social conditions. Orders created to protect the power and interests of the rulers are influential in the name of rules from time to time. When one insists on order, disorder automatically reigns. When laying down rules as to what should be strictly followed, what should be excluded is defined as irregularity. In the Sangam Age Tamils insisted on the rules to be followed in practical life, contrary to the rules of good and bad. Such orders, in turn, were called virtues. At the same time the notion that disorder is anti-social as a whole was emphasized. Rules and exemptions are widely used to emphasize order and disorder in the interests of those who economically dominate society. The order and disorder recorded by the Sangam literary works have become the social document of ancient Tamils.

Waste Culture and Isolation: Prisons, Toilets, and Gender Segregation

Hypatia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 668-689
Author(s):  
Perry Zurn
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Gender Segregation ◽  
Explanatory Theory ◽  
Transgender People ◽  
Gender Binary ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Gender

After reviewing the use of isolation in US prisons and public restrooms to confine transgender people in solitary cells and single‐occupancy bathrooms, I propose an explanatory theory of eliminative space. I argue that prisons and toilets are eliminative spaces: that is, spaces of waste management that use layers of isolation to sanctify social or individual waste, at the outer and inner limits of society. As such, they function according to an eliminative logic. Eliminative logic, as I develop it, involves three distinct but interrelated mechanisms: 1) purification of the social center, through 2) iterative segregation, presuming and enforcing 3) the reduced relationality of marginal persons. By evaluating the historical development and contemporary function of prisons and restrooms, I demonstrate that both seek to protect the gender binary through waves of segregation by sex, race, disability, and gender identity. I further argue that both assume the thin relationality of, in this case, transgender people, who are conceived of as impervious to the effects of isolation and thus always already isolable. I conclude that, if we are to counter the violence of these isolation practices, we not only need to think holistically about eliminative spaces and logic, but also to richly reconceptualize relationality.

The Vernacular Moment

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Lee Novetzke
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Cultural Politics ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Social Ethics ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Historical Detail

Observes the attention to historical detail in the Līḷācaritra and this allows us some access to the social conditions that were arrayed around vernacularization in the decades just before the full advent of Marathi literature. This chapter studies the cultural practices of caste and gender that pervaded everyday life in the mid-thirteenth century and were recorded by the early Mahanubhavs in the Līḷācaritra. Attention to these questions of social ethics is vital for understanding the cultural politics at work at the core of a new literary world in Marathi.

Patriarchy and Gender-Based Violence in Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Gender Segregation ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Social Mechanism ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Patriarchal System ◽  
Thomson Reuters ◽  
The Social ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Customary Practices

Patriarchal values are embedded in Pakistani society which determines the subordinated position of women. Patriarchal control over women is exercised through institutionalized restrictive codes of behavior, gender segregation and the ideology which associates family honor to female virtue. The abnormal, amoral, and harmful customary practices which aim at preserving subjugation of women, defended and sanctified as cultural traditions and given religious overtones. Abnormal and amoral traditional practices in Pakistan include honor killing, rape and sexual assault, sexual harassment, acid attacks, being burned, kidnapping, domestic violence, dowry murder, and forces marriages, custodial abuse and torture. According to a 2011 poll of experts by the Thomson Reuters Foundation Poll, Pakistan is ranked the 3rd the most dangerous country for women in the world. This paper aims to highlight the sufferings of women in Pakistan and consider that in patriarchal societies violence has been used as a social mechanism to perpetuate the subjugation of women. Patriarchal system necessitates the violence for the sake of its existence. With the help of existing data, the gender-based violence in Pakistan has been analyzed. This paper concludes that all forms of gender-based violence are committed to ensure the compliance of women. In order to eliminate violence against women, patriarchal system has to be changed which can be achieved by strengthening the social, political and economic position of women.

scholarly journals The Trojan-horse mechanism: How networks reduce gender segregation

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (16) ◽  
pp. eabf6730
Author(s):  
M. Arvidsson ◽  
F. Collet ◽  
P. Hedström
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Gender Segregation ◽  
Trojan Horse ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Science Literature ◽  
Main Tenet ◽  
And Gender

The segregation of labor markets along ethnic and gender lines is socially highly consequential, and the social science literature has long viewed homophily and network-based job recruitments as some of its most crucial drivers. Here, we focus on a previously unidentified mechanism, the Trojan-horse mechanism, which, in contradiction to the main tenet of previous research, suggests that network-based recruitment reduce rather than increase segregation levels. We identify the conditions under which networks are desegregating, and using unique data on all individuals and all workplaces located in the Stockholm region during the years 2000–2017, we find strong empirical evidence for the Trojan-horse mechanism and its role in the gender segregation of labor markets.

Angry, Frustrated, and Silent: Women’s Responses to Microaggressions Within the Discipline That Coined Microaggressions

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 408-421
Author(s):  
Amanda L. Almond ◽  
Erin E. Ayala ◽  
Marisa M. Moore ◽  
Mariya D. Mirzoyan
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Doctoral Degrees ◽  
Qualitative Investigation ◽  
Stigma Consciousness ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Group Member

The number of women entering the field of psychology has steadily increased to nearly 75% over the past decade (APA, 2019). During this time, the number of women in psychology who identify as racial and/or ethnic group member has also increased (APA, 2019). The discipline of psychology prides itself on inclusivity and has worked to increase the retention of members with varying cultural and gender identities (APA n.d.b., & APA, n.d.c.). Shifts in composition, however, have not been reflected among higher ranking professionals within the field (e.g., faculty, supervisors; Office of Program Consultation and Accreditation, 2015). This disparity warranted a qualitative investigation on the experiences, emotions, and reactions to microaggressions for women emerging in psychology (n = 264). Although psychology-related professionals aspire to be more inclusive and maintain an explicit orientation to social change, microaggressions have a large purview from which no field is excluded. Findings from women’s narrative responses revealed 4 types of microaggressions, 11 elicited emotion themes, and 6 types of reactions to microaggressions. Results highlight how women manage their emotions and reactions to microaggressions in institutional environments while considering individual and collective stigma consciousness. Monitoring and documenting the social conditions of this field can increase support and allyship, which facilitates retention for women pursuing and earning doctoral degrees in psychology.

The Social Construction of a Perfect Market: The Strawberry Auction at Fontaines-en-Sologne

2010 ◽  
pp. 73-89
Author(s):  
M.-F. Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Social Construction ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Invisible Hand ◽  
The Social ◽  
Per Se

The article examines social conditions and mechanisms of the emergence in 1982 of a «Dutch» strawberry auction in Fontaines-en-Sologne, France. Empirical study of this case shows that perfect market does not arise per se due to an «invisible hand». It is a social construction, which could only be put into effect by a hard struggle between stakeholders and large investments of different forms of capital. Ordinary practices of the market dont differ from the predictions of economic theory, which is explained by the fact that economic theory served as a frame of reference for the designers of the auction. Technological and spatial organization as well as principal rules of trade was elaborated in line with economic views of perfect market resulting in the correspondence between theory and reality.

PAR Method

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Billies
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Critical Consciousness ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Context Analysis ◽  
Gender Nonconforming ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Gender

The work of the Welfare Warriors Research Collaborative (WWRC), a participatory action research (PAR) project that looks at how low income lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and gender nonconforming (LG-BTGNC) people survive and resist violence and discrimination in New York City, raises the question of what it means to make conscientization, or critical consciousness, a core feature of PAR. Guishard's (2009) reconceptualization of conscientization as “moments of consciousness” provides a new way of looking at what seemed to be missing from WWRC's process and analysis. According to Guishard, rather than a singular awakening, critical consciousness emerges continually through interactions with others and the social context. Analysis of the WWRC's process demonstrates that PAR researchers doing “PAR deep” (Fine, 2008)—research in which community members share in all aspects of design, method, analysis and product development—should have an agenda for developing critical consciousness, just as they would have agendas for participation, for action, and for research.

Engaging Student Mothers Creatively: Animated Stories of Navigating University, Inner City, and Home Worlds

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-114
Author(s):  
Lise Kouri ◽  
Tania Guertin ◽  
Angel Shingoose
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
Community Engagement ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Graphic Narrative ◽  
Student Mothers ◽  
Education Outcomes ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The University ◽  
Animated Graphic

The article discusses a collaborative project undertaken in Saskatoon by Community Engagement and Outreach office at the University of Saskatchewan in partnership with undergraduate student mothers with lived experience of poverty. The results of the project were presented as an animated graphic narrative that seeks to make space for an under-represented student subpopulation, tracing strategies of survival among university, inner city and home worlds. The innovative animation format is intended to share with all citizens how community supports can be used to claim fairer health and education outcomes within system forces at play in society. This article discusses the project process, including the background stories of the students. The entire project, based at the University of Saskatchewan, Community Engagement and Outreach office at Station 20 West, in Saskatoon’s inner city, explores complex intersections of racialization, poverty and gender for the purpose of cultivating empathy and deeper understanding within the university to better support inner city students. amplifying community voices and emphasizing the social determinants of health in Saskatoon through animated stories.

Body and Gender within the Stratifications of the Social Imaginary

Hypatia ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-118
Author(s):  
Alice Pechriggl
Keyword(s):  
Social Imaginary ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Gender
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