scholarly journals NATO jako cel rosyjskiej aktywności w środowisku informacyjnym państw bałtyckich

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Gałek
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Information Environment ◽  
New Order ◽  
Strategic Competition ◽  
The North ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Right

Russia defines relations with The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in the category of strategic competition and struggle for influence. It realizes its goals through various methods and tools, choosing the right combination of them, depending on the entities to which they are dedicated. This article is an attempt to synthetically discuss the activity of the Russian Federation in the information environment of the Baltic States, oriented to the North Atlantic Alliance (NATO), determining its conditions, mechanisms and key narratives. The author considers the fact that the attitude towards NATO is part of Russia‘s global strategy, which aims to revise the international order in a direction that would guarantee a return to its rightful position in the emerging new order.

scholarly journals Possible Directions of NATO Military Operations Against the Kaliningrad Region of the Russian Federation (Based on Materials from Open Publications)

2021 ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Yury Zverev
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
The North ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Kaliningrad Region ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Military Exercise

The article is devoted to the possible directions of NATO military operations against the Kaliningrad region as an anti-access and area  denial zone (A2/AD), which interferes with the plans of the North Atlantic Alliance in the Baltic region (based on materials from open publications of winter-spring 2021). Shows the danger and unrealizability of these intentions (including on the basis of the results of the Polish military exercise Zima-20).

Book Review: Grey Seals in the North Atlantic and the Baltic

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-103
Author(s):  
Anna Roos
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The Baltic

Liberty

Basic Rights ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 65-88
Author(s):  
Henry Shue
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Freedom Of Movement ◽  
The North ◽  
Basic Rights ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Subsistence Rights ◽  
The Right

This chapter evaluates the right conventionally most emphatically endorsed in North Atlantic theory: rights to liberties. Some liberties merit attention for many reasons, not the least of which is a strange convergence between supposed “friends” of liberty in the North Atlantic and rulers in the poorer countries who would share the emphasis on the priority of subsistence rights. Both groups have converged upon the “trade-off” thesis: subsistence can probably be enjoyed in poor countries only by means of “trade-offs” with liberties. This thesis might also be called the theory of reluctantly repressive development. The chapter shows that although the advocates of repressive development profess a strong commitment to the provision of subsistence, those theories of repressive development must be sharply distinguished from the theory of basic rights presented in this book. One of the several major differences is the place assigned here to at least some liberties, and the chapter indicates how fundamentally the same argument that establishes security rights and subsistence rights as basic rights also justifies the acknowledgement of at least certain political liberties and certain freedom of movement as equally basic. The basic liberties will turn out to include the liberty of participation.

scholarly journals Impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation on river runoff in the Belarus part of the Baltic Sea basin

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 413-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Danilovich ◽  
D. Wrzesiński ◽  
L. Nekrasova
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic Oscillation ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
River Runoff ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Baltic Sea Basin ◽  
The North Atlantic Oscillation

The dynamics of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and river runoff in the Belarus part of the Baltic Sea basin have been studied. Correlation coefficients between NAO indices and monthly, seasonal and annual discharges were calculated, changes in the runoff in the opposite stages of NAO and its intra-annual distribution were analysed, and runoff trends for different time series were investigated. The closest connection could be observed between NAO indices for December–March and the runoff of Belarusian rivers in the Baltic basin. The highest correlation coefficients were calculated for winter and spring months. The intra-annual runoff differs in opposite stages of the North Atlantic Oscillation. The most significant increase of monthly runoff was observed after 1961. There was a positive trend of runoff at the beginning of the year, but a negative one in the summer and autumn months.

scholarly journals A review of methods for defining population structure in the harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena)

2003 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Lockyer
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Harbour Porpoise ◽  
The North ◽  
Contaminant Loads ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The Baltic

Wide-ranging methods that have been used to determine population structure, including distribution, life history, biology, ecological factors such as diet and contaminant loads, morphology and genetics, are reviewed. The importance of determining population sub-structure of harbour porpoise throughout the North Atlantic, especially in regions affected by incidental take in fisheries, is discussed in relation to management measures. Some practical proposals are made for integrating diverse information about populations, using the phylogeographic approach, for thepurpose of evaluating the need to manage putative subpopulations separately. Examples focusingon the North and Baltic seas areas are used in this discussion, with some reference to other areas. It is concluded that the existing IWC proposal for 13 populations in the North Atlantic is generally supported, but with some refinement and modification; in particular, allowing sub-divisions in the area through the North Sea to the Baltic.

scholarly journals Introduction: The harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) - a global perspective

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Bjørge ◽  
Geneviève Desportes ◽  
Gordon T Waring ◽  
Aqqalu Rosing-Asvid
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Phoca Vitulina ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Harbour Seal ◽  
The North ◽  
Harbour Seals ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The Baltic

Introduction to Volume 8: Harbour seals in the North Atlantic and the Baltic 

scholarly journals Bremen’s trade with the North Atlantic, c. 1400–1700

AmS-Skrifter ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
Adolf E. Hofmeister
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Ninth Century ◽  
The North ◽  
Trading Posts ◽  
Island Communities ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Insight Into

There is little evidence of Bremen merchants in Norway before the royal charters issued from 1279 onwards, even though Bremen had been the seat of the missionary archbishop for the Nordic countries since the ninth century. Trade in Bergen in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries was dominated by the Hanseatic cities of the Baltic Sea coast led by merchants from Lübeck. Despite opposition from Hanseatic merchants sailing to Bergen, merchants from Hamburg and Bremen developed new trading posts to barter cod on Iceland and Shetland in the fifteenth century. Traders from Hamburg and Bremen on Iceland competed for licences issued by the Danish king. The 1558 debt register of a merchant from Bremen in Kumbaravogur provides considerable insight into this trade. The Danish king restricted sailings to Iceland to Danish merchants from 1601. On Shetland the Scottish foud allotted landing places to foreign skippers and traders. Merchants from Bremen became respected members of the island communities and in the seventeenth century they changed to trading in herring. Several tariff rate rises led to the end of Bremen sailings to Shetland by the beginning of the eighteenth century. Bremen merchants in Norway succeeded in breaking the Lübeck dominance in Bergen in the sixteenth century. By 1600, other Norwegian harbours in the North Atlantic, notably Stavanger, were also destinations for ships from Bremen.

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