THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT ON THE LABOR MARKET CONDITION. THE CASE OF THE DOLNOŚLĄSKIE AND LUBUSKIE VOIVODSHIPS

The aim of the article is to assess the impact of the development of technological capacity on the labour market in Poland, in voivodships with significantly different GDP levels: the Dolnośląskie and nearly four times smaller the Lubuskie. Data for the years 2002-2017 were obtained from the CSO Local Data Bank. The research used linear regression analysis and the OLS estimation method. The results have shown that the expenditure on R&D are not a positive factor of employment growth in both voivodships, which may be due to their low values in relation to GDP (on average around 0.5%). The number of students and universities had a positive impact on the labour market in both regions. The catch-up effect and accelerated development recorded in the second part of the examined period in the Lubuskie could have had an impact on better absorption of university graduates and registered patents by businesses and their positive impact on employment levels, in contrast to the Dolnośląskie. Improvement in the economic situation in both voivodships and in the whole country also had a positive impact on the improvement of conditions on the labour market.

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Effect of economic vulnerability on entrepreneurial competencies among Malaysian micro-entrepreneurs

Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship ◽

10.1108/apjie-03-2018-0013 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 222-237 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Abdullah Al Mamun ◽

Rajennd A/L Muniady ◽

Mohd Asrul Hery Bin Ibrahim ◽

Noorshella Binti Che Nawi

Keyword(s):

Positive Impact ◽

Data Bank ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Peninsular Malaysia ◽

Opportunity Recognition ◽

Content Type ◽

Economic Vulnerability ◽

Development Organizations ◽

Entrepreneurial Competencies ◽

The Impact

Purpose This study aims to investigate the impact of economic vulnerability upon entrepreneurial competencies (i.e. commitment competency, conceptual competency, opportunity recognition competency, organizing competency, relationship competency and strategic competency) among respondents from varied development initiatives established by the eKasih program (National Poverty Data Bank) in Peninsular Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach Upon adopting the cross-sectional design, data were randomly gathered from selected 300 micro-entrepreneurs from the list of development organizations available in the eKasih (National Poverty Data Bank), located at four states in Peninsular Malaysia. The quantitative data were gathered by performing structured interview sessions from September until November 2017. Findings The outcomes of the study displayed that economic vulnerability has a significantly negative effect upon commitment, opportunity recognition, organizing and strategic competency. On the other hand, the results showcased that economi c vulnerability has a significantly positive effect on competency, but insignificantly positive impact upon conceptual competency. Originality/value These study outcomes appear to extend the scope of the resource-based view, apart from enriching the existing entrepreneurial competency literature, particularly within the Malaysian context. Hence, it is recommended that the government of Malaysia and development organizations should focus on maximizing the level of competency among micro-entrepreneurs as a viable approach to decrease the effect of economic vulnerability.

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Economic Growth by Means of Fiscal Decentralization: An Empirical Study for Federal Developing Countries

SAGE Open ◽

10.1177/2158244020968088 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 215824402096808

Author(s):

Imran Hanif ◽

Sally Wallace ◽

Pilar Gago-de-Santos

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Developing Countries ◽

Fiscal Federalism ◽

Fiscal Decentralization ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Generalized Method Of Moments ◽

Estimation Method ◽

Tax Revenue ◽

Weak Institutions ◽

The Impact

The impact of fiscal federalism on economic performance has largely been studied in the developed world since the seminal work of Oates. In this article, we focus on a particular set of developing countries considered to be federal (Forum of Federations), to examine how fiscal decentralization has impacted their economic growth. In this context, we study the impact of tax revenue and expenditure decentralization on economic growth in developing federations. For this purpose, a panel data of 15 developing federations from 2000 to 2015 are analyzed by using a two-step system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimation method. The results show that in federal developing countries, both tax revenue and expenditure decentralization have a significant, positive impact on economic growth. What is more, our findings show that the impact of fiscal decentralization on economic growth depends upon the level of perceived corruption and on the quality of the country’s institutions. Thus, empirical evidence depicts that the positive effect of fiscal decentralization on economic growth is tempered if the country is plagued with corruption, if it has weak institutions, and/or if it suffers from political instability. By contrast, a relatively corruption-free country featuring healthy institutions and a stable political environment could take fuller advantage of the effects of fiscal decentralization to improve economic growth.

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The impact of credits to the private sector and FDI on the economic growth in ASEAN

Science & Technology Development Journal - Economics - Law and Management ◽

10.32508/stdjelm.v3i4.576 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 343-351

Author(s):

Dang Van Cuong

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Private Sector ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Random Effect ◽

Estimation Method ◽

Least Square ◽

Fdi Inflows ◽

Asean Countries ◽

The Impact

The paper examines the impact of credits to private sector and foreign direct investment (FDI) flows on the economic growth of ASEAN countries in the period 1995-2017. The paper also validates the capital spread of FDI inflows to economic growth through credits to private sector. Using fixed effect estimation method (FEM), random effect (REM) and generalized least square (GLS) for panel data, we found that FDI inflows are positvely correlated with the economic growth of the ASEAN countries. This once again confirms the role of FDI in promoting the economic growth as evidenced in previous studies. Meanwhile, credits to private sector exert a negative impact on the economic growth in these countries which is an interesting finding given that few studies yield a similar result. To assess the spillover effect of FDI to growth through credits to private sector, we augment our model with a variable that reflects the interaction between credits to private sector and FDI. This variable is negative and statistically significant, suggesting that FDI is yet to show its positive impact on growth through spreading capital to credits to privatte sector.

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Higher Education Policies and Employability of University Graduates in the EU-28

Journal of Intercultural Management ◽

10.2478/joim-2019-0020 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 105-133

Author(s):

Elena Pelinescu ◽

Mihaela Simionescu

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

High Education ◽

Labour Market ◽

Value Added ◽

European Countries ◽

University Graduates ◽

Education Policies ◽

Higher Education Policies ◽

Policy Measures ◽

The Impact

Abstract Objective: The main purpose of this research is to analyze and reveal if the recent policy measures in higher education carried in European Union member countries have had a significant impact on the labour market integration of university graduates. Methodology: We selected a set of indicators that were common in the 2015 and 2016 editions of Structural Indicators for Monitoring Education and Training Systems in Europe and could offer an image of intensity of higher education policies in relation with labour market at European level. We further used these measures to test for any significant effects of the policies on the integration of graduates in the labour market. Findings: We found significant effects of various policy measures in high education in the European countries. We estimate a positive role for factors like monitoring of completion rates, requirements for the staff to have higher education, presence of educational guidelines, and recognition of formal and informal learning for entry in higher education. Value Added: This is the first study to address the impact of high education policies carried in European countries on the integration of college graduates. The study is distinct through both the design of new measures of higher education policy in Europe as well through testing whether the intensity of policies carried for higher education has affected the employability of young graduates or not. Recommendations: The results of this empirical research allow us to make some recommendations for improving the insertion of young graduates on European labour market.

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The Impact of Financial Performance, Financial Risk, Liquidity, and Corporate Governance on Corporate Value

Journal of Management and Business Environment (JMBE) ◽

10.24167/jmbe.v1i2.2346 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 154

Author(s):

Yunita Karlina ◽

Andreas Lako

Keyword(s):

Corporate Governance ◽

Financial Performance ◽

Financial Risk ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Percent Level ◽

Analysis Data ◽

Corporate Value ◽

The Impact

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of financial performance, financial risk, liquidity, and corporate governance (CG) on the corporate value in the period t0 and t+1. The proxy for financial performance, financial risk, liquidity, and corporate governance is respectively return on equity (ROE), debt to assets ratio (DAR), current ratio (CR), and corporate governance perception index (CGPI). The proxy for corporate value is price to book value (PBV). The method for analysis data is multiple linear regression analysis. The results show that financial performance has positive impact on the corporate value in the period t0 and t+1 on one percent level of significance. However, financial risk and liquidity have positive impact on the corporate value in the period t0 and t+1 but the impact is not statistically significant. CG shows different impact on the corporate value in the period t0 and t+1 in which it indicates negative impact in the period t0 but positive impact in the periode t+1. The impacts are however statistically insignificant. Generally, the results indicate that financial performance is the main factor that increases corporate value.

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Model Kinerja Finansial Pemerintah Daerah Melalui Aset dan Pendapatan Asli Daerah

BALANCE: Economic, Business, Management and Accounting Journal ◽

10.30651/blc.v18i1.6797 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 36

Author(s):

Kun Ismawati

Keyword(s):

Financial Performance ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Capital Expenditure ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Financial Statements ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Regional Government ◽

Significant Negative Impact ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACT The research aimed to explore financial performance’s model of the Karanganyar Regency Regional Government. This research tested the impact of size, richness, leverage, and capital expenditure on the financial performance of the Karanganyar Regency Regional Government. Research data were 8 (eight) periods of financial statements. Hypotheses analyzed with multiple linear regression. Analysis results showed that size and richness have a significant positive impact on the financial performance of Karanganyar Regency Regional Government; while leverage and capital expenditure have a significant negative impact on the financial performance of the Karanganyar Regional Government. Those results illustrates that greater size and richness will increase the financial performance; on the contrary, the greater leverage and capital expenditure will decrease the financial performance. The model explored is Y = -75.79 + 109.039X1 + 3.754X2 – 0.582X3 – 0.231X4. Keywords : size; richness; leverage; capital expenditure; regional government financial performanceCorrespondence to : [email protected] ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan menggali model kinerja finansial Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Karanganyar. Penelitian ini menguji pengaruh ukuran, kekayaan, leverage, dan belanja modal pada kinerja finansial Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Karanganyar. Data penelitian ini adalah 8 (delapan) periode laporan keuangan. Hipotesis dianalisis dengan regresi linear berganda. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ukuran dan kekayaan memiliki dampak positif signifikan pada kinerja finansial Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Karanganyar; sedangkan leverage dan belanja modal memiliki dampak negatif signifikan terhadap kinerja finansial pada Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Karanganyar. Hasil-hasil tersebut menggambarkan bahwa makin besar ukuran dan kekayaan akan meningkatkan kinerja finansial; sebaliknya, makin besar leverage dan belanja modal akan menurunkan kinerja finansial. Model yang tergali adalah: Y = -75.79 + 109.039X1 + 3.754X2 – 0.582X3 – 0.231X4. Kata kunci : ukuran; kekayaan; leverage; belanja modal; kinerja finansial pemerintah daerah

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INSTITUTION EFFICIENCY VERSUS THE LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS (A STUDY AT THE LEVEL OF POLAND’S REGIONAL DIVISION)

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum - Oeconomia ◽

10.22630/aspe.2018.17.2.29 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 133-144

Author(s):

Magdalena Wojarska ◽

Karolina Babuchowska ◽

Wiesława Lizińska ◽

Renata Marks-Bielska

Keyword(s):

Local Governments ◽

Local Development ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Data Bank ◽

Mean Value ◽

Mixed Data ◽

Local Data ◽

Developmental Processes ◽

Basic Task ◽

The Impact

As the socio-economic reality is growing increasingly complex, the role of local governments in the management of events and processes occurring in local communities gains importance. Considering the fact that the basic task of local authorities is to stimulate the growth and development of a given local entity, an analysis was undertaken to the aim of assessing the relationship between the level of local development and the institutional efficiency of local self-governments and vice versa, in a regional approach (NUTS 2). To achieve this aim, mixed data were analysed, that is raw data (acquired via survey from 1,220 municipalities) and secondary data (from the database of the Local Data Bank). The efficiency of local governments was measured with an aggregate factor EFF, while the level of development was assessed with the DEV measure. The results indicate that the local governments did rather poorly in terms of both efficiency and development. In both cases, the mean value of the applied synthetic measures reached no more than 30% of the maximum attainable score. The basic tools in the research were correlation and regression analysis. Both procedures demonstrated the presence of a relationship between the two analysed categories (r = 0.365). Moreover, the analysis of regression showed that the impact of developmental processes on the improvement of efficiency of local governments was stronger that the influence of improved efficiency on developmental processes occurring in the analysed municipalities.

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Impact of social participation on health among middle-aged and elderly adults Evidence from longitudinal survey data in China

10.21203/rs.2.17117/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xinxin Ma ◽

Xiangdan Piao ◽

Takashi Oshio

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Social Participation ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Estimation Method ◽

Favourable Effect ◽

Elderly Adults ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Middle Aged ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background: Social participation (SP) is known to have a favourable impact on health. However, studies on this issue have been conducted mainly in advanced countries, and results in China have been mixed. This study examined the impact of SP on health outcomes of middle-aged and elderly adults in China, adjusted for simultaneity and heterogeneity biases. Methods: In total, 57,417 observations of 28,935 individuals obtained from the population-based, three-wave panel survey, Chinese Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), conducted in 2011, 2013, and 2015 were used. The associations between one- or two-wave-lagged SP and health outcomes (mental health, self-rated health [SRH], activities of daily living [ADL], and diagnosed diseases) were examined by linear regression models. Individual-level heterogeneity was addressed by the random-effects estimation method. Results: SP was found to have a positive impact on mental health and ADL. Specifically, one-wave-lagged SP improved mental health measure (range: 10–70) by 0.820 (standard error [SE]: 0.199, p < 0.001), the basic ADL measure (range: 6–24) by 0.147 (SE: 0.043, p < 0.001), and the instrumental ADL measure (range: 5–20) by 0.159 (SE: 0.035, p < 0.001). In contrast, SP did not significantly affect SRH or diagnosed diseases. The impact of SP differed by SP type; playing Mah-jong (Chinese traditional game), chess, or cards, or going to the community club had the most favourable effect. The impact of SP on health was also greater for women than men and greater for individuals aged 60–69 years than those aged 45–59 years and aged 70 and older. Conclusions : SP had a positive, albeit selective, impact on health outcomes among middle-aged and elderly adults in China. The results suggest that policy measures to encourage these individuals to engage in SP are needed to enhance their health.

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Financial Diversity and the Development Process: Case study of Rural Communes of Eastern Poland in 2009–2018

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12166446 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (16) ◽

pp. 6446

Author(s):

Paweł Dziekański ◽

Piotr Prus

Keyword(s):

Strong Dependence ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Data Bank ◽

Real Space ◽

The State ◽

Local Economy ◽

Local Data ◽

State Budget ◽

Financial Situation ◽

The Impact

In the modern state, the role and importance of communes is growing. They can carry out their tasks when equipped with stable and efficient sources of income. Financial resources are the basis for the operation and implementation of current and development tasks. Their analysis makes it possible to assess the budget structure and provides information on the state of the local economy or endogenous growth potentials. The aim of the article is to assess the diversity of the financial situation of rural communes using a synthetic measure. In addition, using the econometric models, the impact of socio-economic factors on the diversity of the measure of synthetic financial situation was examined. In order to build synthetic measures, the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution method and based on distance in real space with Euclidean metrics were used. The aggregated value of the synthetic variable facilitates the comparison of objects in multidimensional spaces, but also makes it possible to order them due to the examined phenomenon. Empirical data were collected in spatial terms of 484 rural communes in the Eastern Poland region. In the case of municipalities, the choice of variables was largely determined by the availability of secondary data collected in a municipal system at the Local Data Bank of the Central Statistical Office for 2009–2018. The analysis showed that the rural communes of eastern Poland are characterized by significant disproportions in terms of financial standing. Rural communes with the best financial condition were characterized by a higher share of own revenues in total revenues, a higher level of income from local taxes and obtained from the share in the tax on natural and legal persons. It seems that the main reason for the relatively small impact of financial conditions on economic and social development is their strong dependence on transfer revenues transferred from the state budget and the amount of current expenditure. The above circumstances stiffen and stabilize the financial economy, making it relatively less susceptible to the influence of other factors. The obtained results may constitute for the local authorities an important source of information on the disproportions occurring between units on setting out potential directions for optimizing the structure of local finances.

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The Effect of Snow Depth on Spring Wildfires on the Hulunbuir from 2001–2018 Based on MODIS

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs11030321 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 321 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hong Ying ◽

Yu Shan ◽

Hongyan Zhang ◽

Tao Yuan ◽

Wu Rihan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Surface ◽

Snow Depth ◽

Hurst Exponent ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Sustainable Use ◽

Estimation Method ◽

Burned Area ◽

Natural Ecosystems ◽

Wildfire Occurrence ◽

The Impact

Wildfires are one of the important disturbance factors in natural ecosystems and occur frequently around the world. Detailed research on the impact of wildfires is crucial not only for the development of livestock husbandry but also for the sustainable use of natural resources. In this study, based on the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) burned area product MC464A1 and site snow depth measurements, the kernel density estimation method (KDE), unary linear regression analysis, Sen + Mann-Kendall trend analysis, correlation analysis, and R/S analysis were used to evaluate the relationship between snow and spring wildfires (SWFs) in Hulunbuir. Our results indicated that SWFs decreased during the period of 2001–2018, were mainly distributed in the eastern portion of the study area, and that the highest SWF density was 7 events/km2. In contrast, the maximum snow depth increased during the period of 2001–2018 and the snow depth was deeper in the middle but shallower in the east and west. The SWFs and snow depth have significant negative correlations over space and time. The snow depth mainly affects the occurrence of SWFs indirectly by affecting the land surface temperature (LST) and Land Surface Water Index (LSWI) in spring. The snow depth was positively correlated with the LSWI in most of Hulunbuir and strongly negatively correlated with the LST, and this correlation was stronger in the eastern and western regions of Hulunbuir. The results of the Hurst exponent indicated that in the future, the snow depth trend will be opposite that of the current state, meaning that the trend of decreasing snow depth will increase dramatically in most of the study area, and SWFs may become more prominent. According to the validation results, the Hurst exponent is a reliable method for predicting the snow depth tendency. This research can be based on the snow conditions of the previous year to identify areas where fires are most likely to occur, enabling an improved and more targeted preparation for spring fire prevention. Additionally, the present study expands the theory and methods of wildfire occurrence research and promotes research on disasters and disaster chains.

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